Browsing by Subject "Metastases"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Claudin-1 role in colon cancer: An update and a review
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2018) Ouban, Abderrahman
    Tight junction proteins are essential for sealing the cellular sheets and controlling para-cellular ion flux. Our understanding of the role that tight junction proteins, particularly claudins, play in cellular functions and pathologic conditions is continuously expanding. Particularly, the role of claudin-1 in oncogenesis in multiple locations in the human body is coming to light. This review will shed light on the role of claudin-1 in colon cancer. It will address the mechanisms through which claudin-1 becomes dysregulated in colon cancer. This will provide a platform to address results of claudin-1 expression in the third most common malignant tumour worldwide. Furthermore, it will provide updates about possible use of this biomarker in the surveillance of difficult colon maladies, such as inflammatory bowel disease. The use of claudin-1 as a biomarker of diagnostic and prognostic values will provide Medicine with much needed ammunition in the fight against cancer and will bring about, with added refinements, a new chapter in the era of personalized medicine to tackle this disease and match its destructive course with equally powerful and specifically targeted therapies.
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    Comparison of the dysadherin and E-cadherin expression in primary lung cancer and metastatic sites
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Mitselou, Antigony; Batistatou, Anna; Nakanishi, Yukihiro; Hirohashi, Setsuo; Vougiouklakis, Theodoros; Charalabopoulos, Konstantinos
    Dysadherin, a cancer associated cell membrane glycoprotein, has been reported to downregulate E-cadherin. Aberrant expression of Ecadherin has been associated with the development of metastases in patients with cancer. Even though the expression of dysadherin and E-cadherin has been studied in primary non-small cell lung carcinoma, little is known about its expression at the distant metastases sites. We investigate by immunohistochemistry the relationship between E-cadherin and dysadherin in 111 cases of primary lung carcinomas (53 squamous cell carcinomas, 21 adenocarcinomas, 13 large cell carcinomas, and 24 small cell carcinomas), and their distant metastases. The intensity, the expression pattern and the percentage of neoplastic cell staining were recorded and the results were correlated with clinicopathological findings of the subjects. Dysadherin immunostain was expressed in 61 (54.95%) of the cases, and increased dysadherin expression was significantly correlated with tumour size (p=0.003), distant metastases (p=0.0034), and metastasis size (p=0.0008). Reduced Ecadherin expression was noted in 46 (41.45%) of the cases, and was correlated with high-grade tumour (p=0.02), infiltrative growth pattern (p=0.042), and advanced stage (p=0.032). Although the correlation between the expression of dysadherin and E-cadherin was not significant, a group of patients showed reduced E-cadherin expression with dysadherin overexpression. In lung carcinomas dysadherin expression seems to reflect tumour aggressiveness and may be considered a positive marker of poor prognosis when considered alone or/and in combination with down-regulation of Ecadherin.
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    Detection and significance of minimal residual disease in colorectal cancer
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1999) Merrie, A.E.H.; Yun, K.; van Rij, A.M.; McCall, J.L.
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death in the developed world. Although the primary treatment for CRC is surgical, disease relapse due to minimal residual disease (MRD) following apparently curative surgery occurs in up to fifty percent of patients. Most patients who develop overt metastases beyond the regional lymph nodes eventually die of the disease. At present adjuvant chemotherapy is used to improve survival in patients with metastases to regional lymph nodes demonstrated by routine histopathology with no other evidence of spread. The ability to identify metastatic disease at an earlier stage could be of considerable benefit in directing adjuvant therapy to patients at high risk of relapse who are not identified by current methods. Several techniques have been developed for the detection of MRD, including immunohistochemical and molecular methods, however their role in clinical practise is not yet established. The purpose of this paper is to review these techniques and their potential clinical use in the management of CRC.
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    Diagnóstico de metástasis ganglionares de carcinoma papilar tiroideo midiendo tiroglobulina en la aguja de la punción. Cálculo de punto de corte optimo en nuestra serie
    (Elsevier, 2024-07-23) García-Molina, Francisco; Aguera-Sánchez, Alfonso; Peña-Ros, Emilio; Ruiz-Marín, Miguel; Martínez-Pérez, Matias; Chaves-Benito, Asunción; Martínez Díaz, Francisco; Arense Gonzalo, Julián Jesús; Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica
    La citología por punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) de ganglios sospechosos cervicales de origen incierto es frecuentemente no concluyente y da falsos negativos. Para evaluar la utilidad de medir tiroglobulina en el lavado con suero fisiológico de la aguja de punción para el diagnóstico de metástasis de carcinoma papilar de tiroides, debe calcularse un punto de corte óptimo de tiroglobulina siendo positivo o negativo según los niveles de tiroglobulina fueran superiores o inferiores al punto de corte, respectivamente. Hemos estudiado retrospectivamente 33 pacientes (19 mujeres y 14 varones) de edad media de 49,3 años, con carcinoma papilar de tiroides y sospecha de metástasis ganglionar. De ellos 16 (47,1%) tuvieron una citología de la PAAF positiva. Para determinar la capacidad predictiva de tiroglobulina respecto a metástasis de carcinoma papilar de tiroides se realizó el análisis ROC que dio un área bajo la curva AUC: 0,987 (IC 95%: 0,808-1,000) obteniendo, a partir del índice de Youden, 0,4 ng/ml como punto de corte de tiroglobulina que mejor capacidad predictiva posee. El estudio de la relación entre tiroglobulina y la conservación/no conservación del tiroides mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,023). Nuestros resultados validan 0,4 ng/ml de tiroglobulina como punto de corte óptimo. Al revisar la bibliografía se ve la gran diversidad de los valores de punto de corte, que se explican por la gran variabilidad interobservador e interensayo principalmente, es por ello que recomendamos calcular el punto de corte óptimo propio de cada laboratorio; y determinar en estudios posteriores dos puntos de corte según se conserve o no tiroides.
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    Metástasis parotídea de carcinoma de células claras renal con presencia simultánea de pseudoaneurisma arterial. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
    (Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial (SECOM), 2023-02-13) García-Molina, Francisco; Aliaga Sánchez, Alfonso; Ricote Sánchez, Guillermo; Aliaga Rodríguez, Alfonso; Martínez Díaz, Francisco; Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica
    Las metástasis en glándula parótida son muy poco frecuentes. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 73 años cuyos antecedentes oncológicos principales a destacar son carcinoma ductal infiltrante de mama tratado con mastectomía y linfadenectomía axilar y, posteriormente, carcinoma de células renales de célula clara bilaterales metacrónicos tratados con nefrectomía radical. Desde entonces la mujer se encuentra en diálisis. Presenta tumoración en parótida de 4 cm, que radiológicamente es catalogada como pseudoaneurisma arterial intraparotídeo. Tras la extirpación de la parótida, seis años después de la última nefrectomía, en el estudio anatomopatológico se observa, junto a vasos dilatados, lesión neoplásica compatible morfológica e inmunohistoquímicamente con metástasis de carcinoma de células renales de célula clara. Se ha realizado una profunda revisión de la literatura encontrando menos de 60 casos descritos de metástasis parotídea de carcinoma de células renales de célula clara. Analizándolos observamos metástasis en otros lugares en el 61 % de los mismos, principalmente pulmonares, óseas y en glándulas adrenales, existiendo mayor porcentaje de segundas metástasis (70 %) cuando hay sincronía entre carcinoma renal y metástasis parotídea. En conclusión, presentamos un caso inusual de metástasis tardía de carcinoma renal de célula clara en parótida, y el primero, según nuestro conocimiento, que se diagnostica como hallazgo incidental en la extirpación de un aneurisma intraparotídeo.
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    New advances on critical implications of tumorand metastasis-initiating cells in cancer progression, treatment resistance and disease recurrence
    (Murcia: F. Hernández, 2010) Mimeault, M.; Batra, Surinder K.
    Accumulating lines of experimental evidence have revealed that the malignant transformation of multipotent tissue-resident adult stem/progenitor cells into cancer stem/progenitor cells endowed with a high self-renewal capacity and aberrant multilineage differentiation potential may be at origin of the most types of human aggressive and recurrent cancers. Based on new cancer stem/progenitor cell concepts of carcinogenesis, it is suggested that a small subpopulation of highly tumorigenic and migrating cancer stem/progenitor cells, also designated as cancer- and metastasis-initiating cells, can provide critical roles for primary tumor growth, metastases at distant tissues and organs, treatment resistance and disease relapse. Particularly, cancer initiation and progression to locally invasive and metastatic stages is often associated with a persistent activation of distinct developmental signaling pathways in these immature cells during epithelialmesenchymal transition program. The signaling cascades that are often deregulated in cancer stem/progenitor cells include hedgehog, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Wnt/ß-catenin, NOTCH, polycomb gene product BMI-1 and/or stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Importantly, the results from recent investigations have also indicated that different cancer subtypes may harbor distinct subsets and/or number of cancer-initiating cells during cancer progression as well as before or after therapy initiation and disease recurrence. Therefore, the identification of the molecular transforming events that frequently occur in cancer- and metastasis-initiating cells versus their differentiated progenies is of immense interest to develop new targeting approach for improving current therapies against aggressive, metastatic, recurrent and lethal cancers.
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    Novel biomarkers in primary breast core biopsies to predict poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and appearance of metastases
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Novell, Anna; Morales, Serafin; Valls, Joan; Panadés, Maria José; Salud, Antonieta; Iglesias, Edelmiro; Vilardell, Felip; Matias Guiu, Xavier; Llombart Cussac, Antonio
    Drug resistance has been one of the major obstacles limiting the success of cancer chemotherapy. In two thirds of breast cancer patients, large (>1cm) residual tumors are present after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). The residual tumor and involved nodes have been indicators of relapse and survival very important in breast cancer. The goal of this preliminary study was to assess the predictive significance of a panel of molecular biomarkers, related with the response to treatment or drug resistance to NCT, as determined on the diagnostic tumor. The expression of 22 proteins was examined using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays (TMA) from 115 patients of stage II-III breast cancer, treated with NCT. Among studied proteins, there are some that are anti-apoptotic, pro-proliferative, cancer stem cell markers and the Vitamin D Receptor. Other proteins are involved in the identification of molecular subtype, cell cycle regulation or DNA repair. Next, a predictive signature of poor response was generated from independent markers of predictive value. Tumors that expressed four or five conditions (biomarkers of chemoresistance with a determinated cutoff) were associated with a 9-fold increase in the chances of these patients of having a poor response to NCT. Additionally, we also found a worse prognostic signature, generated from independent markers of prognostic value. Tumors which expressed two or three conditions of worst prognostic, were associated with a 6-fold reduction in Distant Disease Free Survival. In conclusion, finding biomarkers of chemoresitance (ypTNM II-III) and metastases can become a stepping stone for future studies that will need to be assessed in a bigger scale.
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    The expression of hydrogen sulfide-producing enzymes in primary and lung metastatic osteosarcoma
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2022) Gong, Lihua; Sun, Xiaoqi; Zhang, Ming; Du, Junbao; Ding, Yi; Jin, Hongfang
    Background. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a novel gas transmitter signaling molecule. H2S is synthesized by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST). There have been no reports about the roles of these enzymes in osteosarcoma and its metastases. We detected H2S synthase expression levels in human primary osteosarcoma and lung metastatic osteosarcoma. Methods. Immunohistochemistry was performed in primary osteosarcoma (n=19), lung metastatic osteosarcoma (n=11), osteoblastoma (n=10) and bony callus (n=2). The expression of CBS, CSE, and MST was defined as negative, moderately positive and strongly positive. Results. MST staining was moderately to strongly positive in all cases. CSE staining was negative in 94.7% (18/19) of primary osteosarcoma cases and 90.9% (10/11) of lung metastatic osteosarcoma cases. CBS staining was strongly positive in 68.4% (13/19) of primary osteosarcoma cases, moderately positive in 15.8% (3/19) of cases, and negative in 15.8% (3/19) of cases. In lung metastatic osteosarcoma, the proportions of negative, moderately positive and strongly positive cases were 63.6% (7/11), 18.2% (2/11) and 18.2% (2/11), respectively. Conclusions. CBS and CSE expression, especially CSE expression, decreased in both primary osteosarcoma and lung metastatic osteosarcoma, which may suggest that CBS and CSE play roles in osteoblast cell malignant transformation and osteosarcoma progression. These enzymes could be used as new prognostic assessment factors and may represent new therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma and metastasis prevention