Browsing by Subject "Metabolomics"

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    High-resolution proteomics and metabolomics in thyroid cancer: Deciphering novel biomarkers
    (Taylor & Francis, 2017-10-30) Navas-Carrillo, Diana; Rodríguez, José Manuel; Montoro-García, Silvia; Orenes-Piñero, Esteban; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A
    Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy and its incidence has been increasing sharply since the mid-1990s, being the fastest-increasing cancers in both men and women. Increased medical surveillance, the effect of environmental factors and more sensitive diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound and confirmation via fine-needle aspiration biopsy, are thought to account for this increased incidence. There are several histological types of thyroid cancer, including papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Determining the type of thyroid cancer is crucial for the assessment of prognosis and treatment selection. Unfortunately, approximately 20–30% of patients undergoing fine-needle aspiration biopsy have inconclusive or indeterminate results, leading to unnecessary surgical intervention in 80% of patients with benign nodules. To resolve this diagnosis dilemma, new biomarkers of thyroid cancer are needed. Proteomic approaches offer an unbiased platform for the comprehensive analysis of the whole proteome in a certain physiological time. Although mRNA expression is widely considered to be indicative of protein expression, protein levels are the result of protein synthesis and degradation, and RNA levels are not informative of protein degradation. Clinically, there is increasing evidence for the role of proteomic and metabolomic technologies in biomarker discovery, providing novel information on the molecular events associated with TC, and potentially lead to the identification of novel drug targets. In this review, we will thoroughly describe the importance of novel proteomic and metabolomic approaches to identify new biomarkers associated with TC.
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    Metabolomic fingerprinting of pig seminal plasma identifies in vivo fertility biomarkers
    (BMC, 2021-11-12) MateoOtero, Yentel; Fernández López, Pol; Delgado Bermúdez, Ariadna; Nolis, Pau; Roca, Jordi; Miró, Jordi; Barranco, Isabel; Yeste, Marc; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    Background: Metabolomic approaches, which include the study of low molecular weight molecules, are an emerging -omics technology useful for identification of biomarkers. In this field, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has already been used to uncover (in) fertility biomarkers in the seminal plasma (SP) of several mammalian species. However, NMR studies profiling the porcine SP metabolome to uncover in vivo fertility biomarkers are yet to be carried out. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the putative relationship between SP-metabolites and in vivo fertility outcomes. To this end, 24 entire ejaculates (three ejaculates per boar) were collected from artificial insemination (AI)-boars throughout a year (one ejaculate every 4 months). Immediately after collection, ejaculates were centrifuged to obtain SP-samples, which were stored for subsequent metabolomic analysis by NMR spectroscopy. Fertility outcomes from 1525 inseminations were recorded over a year, including farrowing rate, litter size, stillbirths per litter and the duration of pregnancy. Results: A total of 24 metabolites were identified and quantified in all SP-samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that lactate levels in SP had discriminative capacity for farrowing rate (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.764) while carnitine (AUC = 0.847), hypotaurine (AUC = 0.819), sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (AUC = 0.833), glutamate (AUC = 0.799) and glucose (AUC = 0.750) showed it for litter size. Similarly, citrate (AUC = 0.743), creatine (AUC = 0.812), phenylalanine (AUC = 0.750), tyrosine (AUC = 0.753) and malonate (AUC = 0.868) levels had discriminative capacity for stillbirths per litter; and malonate (AUC = 0.767) and fumarate (AUC = 0.868) levels for gestation length. Conclusions: The assessment of selected SP-metabolites in ejaculates through NMR spectroscopy could be considered as a promising non-invasive tool to predict in vivo fertility outcomes in pigs. Moreover, supplementing AI-doses with specific metabolites should also be envisaged as a way to improve their fertility potential.
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    Metabolomics study of the formation of genotoxic molecules based on the fecal volatile metabolites profile using an in vivo animal model
    (Elsevier, 2024-02-09) Giménez Campillo, Claudia; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Torre-Minguela, Carlos de; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; Martínez Cáceres, Carlos Manuel; Química Analítica
    Epidemiological studies have shown that haem iron from processed meat is a key element involved in the colon carcinogenesis. The haem iron induces lipid peroxidation in the colon lumen during digestion, enabling the formation of cytotoxic molecules derived from these reactions. The cytotoxic molecules generated are highly dependent on dietary factors such as lipid sources, calcium levels or the presence of antioxidants during digestion. Here, we investigated whether nitrite substitution by polyphenols as a food additive could modulate the in vivo luminal lipid peroxidation in the colon and consequently, reduce the formation of mucin-depleted foci in a chemical-induced colon cancer rat model. The addition of polyphenols to the cooked ham diet reduces the lipid peroxidation in the rats. A reduction in cytotoxic aldehydes in fecal water from animals fed with polyphenols as well as a decrease in the formation of mucin-depleted foci is observed. The antioxidant capacity derived from polyphenols modifies the luminal environment of the colon, allowing the identification of a specific molecular signature derived from the analysis of fecal volatile organic compounds. In this molecular signature is included the reduction in the abundance of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadienal, a carcinogenic aldehyde derived from lipid peroxidation.
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    NAD+ precursors and intestinal inflammation: therapeutic insights involving gut microbiota
    (MDPI, 2023-06-30) Niño-Narvión, Julia; Rojo-López, Marina Idalia; Martinez-Santos, Patricia; Rossell, Joana; Ruiz Alcaraz, Antonio José; Alonso, Núria; Ramos-Molina, Bruno; Mauricio, Didac; Julve, Josep; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología; Facultad de Biología
    The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical metabolite for living cells. NAD+ may act either as a cofactor for many cellular reactions as well as a coenzyme for different NAD+-consuming enzymes involved in the physiological homeostasis of different organs and systems. In mammals, NAD+ is synthesized from either tryptophan or other vitamin B3 intermediates that act as NAD+ precursors. Recent research suggests that NAD+ precursors play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier. Indeed, its deficiency has been associated with enhanced gut inflammation and leakage, and dysbiosis. Conversely, NAD+-increasing therapies may confer protection against intestinal inflammation in experimental conditions and human patients, with accumulating evidence indicating that such favorable effects could be, at least in part, mediated by concomitant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota. However, the mechanisms by which NAD+-based treatments affect the microbiota are still poorly understood. In this context, we have focused specifically on the impact of NAD+ deficiency on intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis in animal and human models. We have further explored the relationship between NAD+ and improved host intestinal metabolism and immunity and the composition of microbiota in vivo. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to provide a new perspective on the effect of NAD+-increasing strategies on host intestinal physiology.
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    Skin mucus metabolomics provides insights into the interplay between diet and wound in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
    (Frontiers, ) Albaladejo-Riad, Nora; Espinosa-Ruiz, Cristóbal; Lazado, Carlos C.; Esteban Abad, María de los Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología
    Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a high-resolution quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry DATA
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    Untargeted metabolomic profiling of serum in dogs with hypothyroidism
    (Elsevier, 2021-01-30) Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto; González-Aróstegui, Luis; Rubic, Ivana; Cerón, José Joaquín; Tvarijonavicite, Asta; Horvatic, Anita; Mrljak, Vladimir; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    Hypothyroidism is one of the most commonly diagnosed endocrine disease in dogs. The clinical signs are caused by a deficiency of the active thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and have a negative impact on dog’s quality of life. We hypothesized that serum metabolic profile varies between healthy dogs and dogs with hypothyroidism. Twenty serum samples from dogs with hypothyroidism and 20 from healthy dogs were used for untargeted metabolomics analysis performed by LC/MS analysis. Fifteen metabolites showed significant changes between hypothyroid and healthy dogs, being the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and pyrimidine metabolism the principal pathways altered in hypothyroidism. Specifically, metabolites such as D-gluconic acid and L-Isoleucine may potentially act as biomarkers of disease.