Browsing by Subject "Metabolism"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 27
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    Anotaciones básicas sobre el aminoácido triptófano.
    (Murcia : Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2006) Cubero, J.; Rodríguez, A.B.; Narciso, D.; Valero, V.; Paredes, S.; Sánchez, J.; Barriga Carrasco, Manuel
    El triptófano es uno de los aminoácidos esenciales, considerado por su estructura química como un LNAA (Large Neutral Amino Acid). Su RDA, según la FAO es de 17 mg/kg/día en lactantes, 12,5 en niños de dos a tres años y 3,2 en los adultos. En la leche materna se encuentra sobre 16 mg/g proteína/litro de leche. Sus niveles circulantes están influenciados por la dieta, especialmente en aquellas con mayor proporción en carbohidratos que en proteínas (RCPP). A partir de este aminoácido su anabolismo se dirige hacia las indolaminas (serotonina y melatonina) y hacia la vitamina B3. Y su catabolismo hacia el ácido indol acético, la quinurenina y ácido xanturénico. El L-triptófano es usado como agente hipnótico en humanos, frente a los desordenes del sueño, observando un aumento de la fase No-REM tras su administración, quedando reflejado esta acción en la disminución de la latencia del sueño. La concentración terapéutica con mayor eficiencia entre las aplicadas, es la encontrada entre 2-5 g/día y administrada antes de iniciar el reposo nocturno. Su importancia en el enriquecimiento de leches infantiles, así como la tiempo y dosisdependencia en distintos estudios, han sido también contrastados tanto de forma científica como clínica.
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    Bacterial sirtuins overview: an open niche to explore
    (Frontiers, 2021-10-26) Lozano Terol, Gema; Cánovas Díaz, Manuel; Diego Puente, Teresa de; Gallego Jara, Julia; Ortega Retuerta, Álvaro; Sola Martínez, Rosa Alba; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
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    Bacterial sirtuins overview: an open niche to explore
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-10-26) Lozano Terol, Gema; Cánovas Díaz, Manuel; Diego Puente, Teresa de; Gallego Jara, Julia; Ortega Retuerta, Álvaro; Sola Martínez, Rosa Alba; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
    Sirtuins are deacetylase enzymes widely distributed in all domains of life. Although for decades they have been related only to histones deacetylation in eukaryotic organisms, today they are considered global regulators in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Despite the important role of sirtuins in humans, the knowledge about bacterial sirtuins is still limited. Several proteomics studies have shown that bacterial sirtuins deacetylate a large number of lysines in vivo, although the effect that this deacetylation causes in most of them remains unknown. To date, only the regulation of a few bacterial sirtuin substrates has been characterized, being their metabolic roles widely distributed: carbon and nitrogen metabolism, DNA transcription, protein translation, or virulence. One of the most current topics on acetylation and deacetylation focuses on studying stoichiometry using quantitative LC-MS/MS. The results suggest that prokaryotic sirtuins deacetylate at low stoichiometry sites, although more studies are needed to know if it is a common characteristic of bacterial sirtuins and its biological significance. Unlike eukaryotic organisms, bacteria usually have one or few sirtuins, which have been reported to have closer common ancestors with the human Sirt5 than with any other class. In this work, in addition to carrying out an in-depth review of the role of bacterial sirtuins in their physiology, a phylogenetic study has been performed that reveals the evolutionary differences between sirtuins of different bacterial species and even between homologous sirtuins.
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    Bacterial Sirtuins Overview: An Open Niche to Explore
    (Frontiers, 2021-09-26) Lozano Terol, Gema; Cánovas Díaz, Manuel; Diego Puente, Teresa de; Gallego Jara, Julia; Ortega Retuerta, Álvaro; Sola Martínez, Rosa Alba; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
    Sirtuins are deacetylase enzymes widely distributed in all domains of life. Although for decades they have been related only to histones deacetylation in eukaryotic organisms, today they are considered global regulators in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Despite the important role of sirtuins in humans, the knowledge about bacterial sirtuins is still limited. Several proteomics studies have shown that bacterial sirtuins deacetylate a large number of lysines in vivo, although the effect that this deacetylation causes in most of them remains unknown. To date, only the regulation of a few bacterial sirtuin substrates has been characterized, being their metabolic roles widely distributed: carbon and nitrogen metabolism, DNA transcription, protein translation, or virulence. One of the most current topics on acetylation and deacetylation focuses on studying stoichiometry using quantitative LC-MS/MS. The results suggest that prokaryotic sirtuins deacetylate at low stoichiometry sites, although more studies are needed to know if it is a common characteristic of bacterial sirtuins and its biological significance. Unlike eukaryotic organisms, bacteria usually have one or few sirtuins, which have been reported to have closer phylogenetic similarity with the human Sirt5 than with any other human sirtuin. In this work, in addition to carrying out an in-depth review of the role of bacterial sirtuins in their physiology, a phylogenetic study has been performed that reveals the evolutionary differences between sirtuins of different bacterial species and even between homologous sirtuins.
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    Biological significance of dietary polyamines
    (Elsevier, 2006-09-22) Larqué, Elvira; Sabater Molina, María; Zamora, Salvador; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    Polyamines are classically known by their names of putrescine, spermine, and spermidine. They are synthesized endogenously from ornithine and are interconvertible. In addition, an exogenous supply of polyamines is provided by dietary intake and by intestinal absorption from the products of bacterial metabolism. Polyamine uptake occurs almost entirely in the gut, and afterward the various forms are metabolized in different tissues under the strict regulation of ornithine decarboxylase, which is the first enzyme involved in their synthesis. Polyamines are eliminated from the organism by means of oxidation reactions, appearing in urine in all their metabolic forms. Polyamines play an important role in regulating cell growth and proliferation, the stabilization of negative charges of DNA, RNA transcription, protein synthesis, apoptosis, and the regulation of the immune response. They are components of breast milk and might be important in neonatal gut maturation, for which reason the possible supplementation of infant formulas with these compounds is under study.
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    Dietary fibre fractions rich in (poly)phenols from orange by-products and their metabolisation by in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation
    (Elsevier, 2023-11-25) Núñez-Gómez, Vanesa; Periago, María Jesús; Ordóñez-Díaz, José Luis; Pereira-Caro, Gema; Moreno-Rojas, José Manuel; González-Barrio, Rocío
    Orange peel is an interesting by-product because of its composition, particularly its dietary fibre and flavanones. The aim of this work was to extract different fibre fractions from orange peel to obtain potential added-value ingredients and evaluate how the presence of fibre may interfere with (poly)phenol metabolism. Using an aqueous extraction, as a green extraction method, an insoluble fibre fraction (IFF) and a water-soluble extract (WSE) were obtained. Those fractions were analysed to determine the proximate and dietary fibre composition, hydration properties, (poly)phenol composition and antioxidant capacity, comparing the results with the orange peel (OP). The IFF presented the highest content of insoluble dietary fibre and the WSE showed the highest content of (poly)phenols, these being mainly flavanones. An in vitro faecal fermentation was carried out to evaluate the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactate as prebiotic indicators; the IFF gave the highest production, derived from the greater presence of dietary fibre. Moreover, catabolites from (poly)phenol metabolism were also analysed, phenylpropanoic acids being the major ones, followed by phenylacetic acids and benzoic acids. These catabolites were found in higher quantities in WSE, because of the greater presence of (poly) phenols in its composition. IFF also showed a significant production of these catabolites, which was delayed by the greater presence of fibre. These results reveal that the new ingredients, obtained by an environmentally friendly water extraction procedure, could be used for the development of new foods with enhanced nutritional and healthy properties.
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    Expression of glutamine metabolism-related proteins in Hürthle cell neoplasm of thyroid: Comparison with follicular neoplasm
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Cha, Yoon Jin; Jang, Haerin; Koo, Ja Seung
    Purpose. We evaluated the expression of glutaminolysis-related proteins in Hurthle cell neoplasms (HCN) and follicular neoplasms (FN) of the thyroid, and investigated its clinical implication. Methods. Tissue microarrays were constructed from 264 FNs (112 follicular carcinomas [FCs] and 152 follicular adenomas [FAs]) and 108 HCNs (27 Hurthle cell carcinomas [HCCs] and 81 Hurthle cell adenomas [HCAs]. The immunohistochemical staining result of 3 glutaminolysis-related proteins (Glutaminase 1 [GLS1], glutaminate dehydrogenase [GDH] and alanine- serine, cysteine-preferring transporter 2 [ASCT2]) was analyzed. Results. GLS1 and GDH showed significantly higher expression rates in HCN compared to FN (P<0.001). More HCN cases showed co-positivity of multiple glutaminolysis-related proteins than those of FN cases (P<0.001). In silico analysis, both GLUD1 and GLUD2 showed higher expression rate in HCA compared to FA (P=0.027 and P=0.018, respectively). SLC1A5 expression was highest in HCA, followed by FC and FA (HCA vs FC, P=0.023; FC vs FA, P=0.002). Conclusion. FN and HCN exhibit a different expression pattern for glutaminolysis-related proteins, and GLS1 and GDH have higher expression rates in HCN and FN.
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    Expression of glutathione S-transferase T1 GSTT1 in human brain tumours
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2006) Diedrich, A.; Bock, H.C.; König, F.; Schulz, T.G.; Ludwig, H.C.; Herken, R.; Quondamatteo, F.
    Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a central role in a number of metabolic processes. Glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) is a polymorphic cytosolic enzyme and a member of the theta class of GSTs. Typical substrates for GSTT1 are industrial compounds, such as dichloromethane and ethylene oxide. It has been shown that also chemotherapeutic drugs such as BCNU [i.e. 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1- nitrosourea] are efficiently inactivated by GSTT1. BCNU is a drug which is increasingly used locally in the chemotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme WHO grade IV. Therefore, if GSTT1 were expressed in neoplastic cells of brain tumours it could be a factor for chemoresistance. In order to clarify a possible role of GSTT1 in chemoresistance, as a first step, we localized this enzyme in malignant gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme WHO grade IV and oligodendroglioma WHO grade II. Because of its polymorphism we first genotyped the samples for GSTT1 by PCR. Using in situ hybridization, we then demonstrated that GSTT1 transcripts are expressed in neoplastic cells of both tumour types. Immunohistochemistry revealed then that whereas neoplastic cells in glioblastoma multiforme WHO grade IV contain GSTT1, it was not localized in oligodendroglioma cells. Given the polymorphism of GSTT1 and its potential activity towards BCNU, the localization of GSTT1 in glioblastoma cells can be considered as a possible factor of non-homogeneous chemotherapy response among patients with different GSTT1 genotypes.
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    FXR, a target for different diseases
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2008) Wang, Yan-Dong; Chen, Wei-Dong; Huang, Wendong
    Great progress has been made in the understanding of the physiological roles of the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) during the last several years. Roles for FXR were initially identified in the regulation of bile acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose metabolism. More recently, our group has identified additional functional roles of FXR. Specifically, we have shown that FXR regulates normal liver regeneration and plays a protective role in liver carcinogenesis. These exciting findings suggest that FXR has a broader role than previously thought, and also highlight potential new opportunities for using FXR as a drug target for different diseases. Here we summarize the latest results from studies on FXR response elements, target genes and functions in different diseases.
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    In vitro colonic fermentation of orange peel fibres: effect on microbial modulation, SCFAs production and carotenoid degradation
    (Elsevier, 2025-02-12) Núñez Gómez, Vanesa; Gómez-Gallego, Carlos; Kolehmainen, Marjukka; González-Barrio, Rocío; Periago Castón, María Jesús; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
    Orange peel by-products are valuable for their content of dietary fibre and bioactive compounds that offer health benefits, such as the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and modulation of gut microbiota. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prebiotic effect of three fibre-rich fractions of orange peel (orange peel extract, OP; insoluble fibre fraction, IFF; and water-soluble extract, WSE) by means of in vitro fermentation. Degradation of carotenoids during fermentation was examined to explore their interaction with the microbiota. The results indicate that in vitro fermentation of fibre-rich ingredients increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations. WSE, rich in bioactive compounds, increased Bifidobacterium by 2.5 times compared with the other fractions, and gave a 1.5-fold higher total SCFAs production and a noteworthy evolution of butyrate. Moreover, although carotenoids decreased during fermentation, they remained detectable at the end of the process, suggesting that they are not efficiently metabolized by microbiota and could persist in the colon for a longer period. These findings open up new avenues of research in the use of by-products to develop novel ingredients. In addition, future research should focus on investigating the behaviour of carotenoids during digestion, as well as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microbiota-modulating effects.
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    Long-term biochemical and haematological analysis, with focus on sex effects, in pigs derived from assisted reproductive technologies
    (2025) Mikita, Małgorzata; Cánovas, Sebastián; Heras, Sonia; Ramis, Guillermo; Gadea, Joaquín; Coy, Pilar; Romar Andrés, Raquel; Romero Aguirregomezcorta, Jon; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
    Rising livestock demand has increased use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Evidence indicates long-term effects of ART on molecular physiology and metabolism. This study explores ART's impact on biochemical and haematological parameters in a colony of pigs from 1 to 2.5 years of age. Animals were born after artificial insemination (AI) and transfer of embryos in vitro produced with (RF-IVP) or without (C-IVP) oviductal and uterine fluids during in vitro fertilization and embryo culture media (París-Oller et al., J Anim Sci and Biotechnol, 2021). Pigs were maintained under identical conditions and sampled every six months. Number of animals in each group decreased throughout life: 33 to 9 (AI); 22 to 10 (C-IVP); and 14 to 4 (RF-IVP). The number ofblood samples was the same as the number of animals and were collected via jugular venipuncture in lithium heparin tubes and immediately transported to laboratory. Plasma was obtained through centrifugation (1200 g, 20 min, 4 ºC, Eppendorf 5810 R) of blood collected via direct jugular venipuncture in lithium heparin tubes. Plasma was assessed using a chemistry analyser (Olympus AU400, Japan) for creatinine (CREA), urea, amylase, creatine kinase (CK), cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipase, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB), triglycerides (TRIGL), and total bilirubin (TBIL). A haematology analyser (Siemens ADVIA® 120, USA) assessed red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin concentration (HB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), cell haemoglobin concentration mean (CHCM), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), haemoglobin concentration distribution width (HDW), white blood cell (WBC) count; and the differential count of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Reticulocyte percentage, mean corpuscular volume of reticulocytes (MCVr), haemoglobin content in reticulocytes (CHr) and platelet count were analysed. Data were analysed by mixed-effects model and likelihood-ratio test to determine effects of age and sex on the variables. Post-hoc test for multiple comparisons Tukey's method was used. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Sex significantly influenced biochemical and haematological profiles. In biochemical parameters, females exhibited higher ALBU and urea concentrations, while males demonstrated elevated GLOB levels. Haematological analysis revealed sex-specific differences: females showed increased CH and PCDW values, whereas males presented higher HDW, PDW, and MPC parameters. Age-sex interactions were observed for TP, GLOB, urea, TRIGLI, amylase, and TBIL. Significant age-related changes occurred in RDW, CH, HDW, WBC, neutrophil percentage and count, lymphocyte percentage, PMDW, CHr, and MCVr. The interaction between sex and group was observed in ALT, HCT, and percentage of reticulocytes. ALT showed differences in males between C-IVP and RF-IVP group (p=0.01); HCT also in males between AI and both C-IVP and RF-IVP groups (p=0.01; p=0.02 respectively). A significant interaction was demonstrated between AI and C-IVP in males, as well as in the percentage of reticulocytes. These physiological findings provide essential reference data for veterinary practitioners and livestock producers, demonstrating minor long-term biochemical and haematological variations between naturally and artificially conceived swine. However, observed differences appear clinically insignificant, suggesting comparable physiological development regardless of conception method.
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    Long-term blood plasma biochemical analysis in pigs derived from assisted reproductive technologies.
    (2024) Mikita, Małgorzata; Cánovas, Sebastián; Ramis, Guillermo; Gadea, Joaquín; Coy, Pilar; Romar, Raquel; Heras, Sonia; Romero Aguirregomezcorta, Jon; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
    Rising livestock demand has increased use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Evidence indicates long-term effects of ART on molecular physiology and metabolism. This study explores ART’s impact on biochemical parameters in a colony of pigs from 1 to 5 years of age. Animals were born after artificial insemination (AI) and transfer of embryos in vitro produced with (RF-IVP) or without (C-IVP) oviductal and uterine fluids during in vitro fertilization and embryo culture media (París-Oller et al., J Anim Sci and Biotechnol, 2021). Pigs were maintained under identical conditions and sampled every six months. Number of animals in each group decreased throughout life: 33 to 9 (AI); 22 to 10 (C-IVP); and 14 to 4 (RF-IVP). The number of blood samples was the same as the number of animals and were collected via jugular venipuncture in lithium heparin tubes and immediately transported to laboratory. Plasma was obtained through entrifugation (1200 g, 20 min, 4ºC, Eppendorf 5810 R) of blood collected via direct jugular venipuncture in lithium heparin tubes. Plasma was assessed using a chemistry analyzer (Olympus AU400, Japan) for creatinine (CREA), urea, amylase, creatine kinase (CK), cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipase, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB), triglycerides (TRIGL), and total bilirubin (TBIL). Data were analyzed by mixed-effects model and likelihood-ratio test to determine effects of age, group and sex on the variables. Post-hoc test for multiple comparisons Tukey’s method was used. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Age significantly influenced all variables. Glucose, cholesterol, lipase, CK, ALP, AST, ALT were not affected by any other variable. TP, GLOB, UREA and TRIGL showed progressive elevation with age, with peak values between 4-5 years. ALB, cholesterol, CK, ALP, AST, GGT exhibited characteristic juvenile decline, with ALP and AST showing reduction during early development (155 to 52 U/L and 121 to 37 U/L respectively) followed by stabilization, while ALT displayed oscillatory changes. Glucose and TBIL showed initial elevation peaking at 2 years, before decreasing. CREA and amylase fluctuated irregularly. Critical developmental transitions occurred at 1.5-2 years and 4-5 years, representing key physiological maturation milestones. ALBU showed the highest mean concentration in the RF-IVP group and lowest in the AI group, while GGT showed the opposite pattern. ALBU, GLOB and urea were influenced by sex, with females higher ALBU and urea levels, while males showed elevated GLOB values. Long-term results confirm slight persisting biochemical differences in naturally and artificially conceived pigs, although the clinical relevance is unnoticeable.
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    Long-term haematological analysis in pigs derived from assisted reproductive technologies
    (Brazilian College of Animal Reproduction, 2025) Mikita, Małgorzata; Cánovas, Sebastián; Heras, Sonia; Ramis, Guillermo; Gadea, Joaquín; Coy, Pilar; Romar, Raquel; Romero Aguirregomezcorta, Jon; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
    Rising livestock demand has increased use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Evidence indicates long-term effects of ART on molecular physiology and metabolism. This study explores ART’s impact on haematological parameters in a colony of pigs from 1 to 5 years of age. Animals were born after artificial insemination (AI) and transfer of embryos in vitro produced with (RF-IVP) or without (C-IVP) oviductal and uterine fluids during in vitro fertilization and embryo culture media (París-Oller et al., J Anim Sci and Biotechnol, 2021). Pigs were maintained under identical conditions and sampled every six months. Number of animals in each group decreased throughout life: 33 to 9 (AI); 22 to 10 (C-IVP); and 14 to 4 (RF-IVP). The number of blood samples was the same as the number of animals and were collected via jugular venipuncture in lithium heparin tubes and immediately transported to laboratory. A haematology analyzer (Siemens ADVIA® 120, USA) assessed red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin concentration (HB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), cell haemoglobin concentration mean (CHCM), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), haemoglobin concentration distribution width (HDW), white blood cell (WBC) count; and the differential count of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Reticulocyte percentage, mean corpuscular volume of reticulocytes (MCVr), haemoglobin content in reticulocytes (CHr) and platelet count were analyzed. Data were analyzed by mixed-effects model and likelihood-ratio test to determine effects of age, group and sex on the variables. Post-hoc test for multiple comparisons Tukey’s method were used. P<0.05 was considered significant. Age affected all variables. MCH, CH, CHCM, WBC, and platelet indices (MPV, MPC, MPM, PMDW) increased through life. Biphasic trajectories occurred in MCV, HTC, RBC, neutrophil counts, monocyte counts, PLT counts, and lymphocytes (secondyear decline followed by increase). Progressive decline with age was observed in monocyte percentage and reticulocyte parameters. Irregular oscillatory patterns dominated HB, RDW, MCHC, CHDW, HDW, eosinophil and basophil parameters, and advanced platelet indices (large PLT, PCT, PDW, MCVr, PCDW). HCT, RBC, and HB reached lowest values in AI group, highest in RF-IVP. HCM, MCHC, and lymphocyte percentage showed lowest means in AI, highest in C-IVP. RDW, WBC, neutrophil parameters, and lymphocyte count were lowest in C-IVP, highest in AI. Monocyte count exhibited lowest values in C-IVP, highest in RF-IVP group. CH and PCDW were higher in females than males, whereas HDW, PDW, MPC were higher in males. Long-term results confirm slight persisting haematological differences in naturally and artificially conceived pigs, although the clinical relevance is unnoticeable.
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    Melatonin as a mediator of the gut microbiota–host interaction: implications for health and disease
    (MDPI, 2023-12-23) Rol de Lama, María de los Ángeles; Bonmatí Carrión, María de los Ángeles; Fisiología
    In recent years, the role played by melatonin on the gut microbiota has gained increasingly greater attention. Additionally, the gut microbiota has been proposed as an alternative source of melatonin, suggesting that this antioxidant indoleamine could act as a sort of messenger between the gut microbiota and the host. This review analyses the available scientific literature about possible mechanisms involved in this mediating role, highlighting its antioxidant effects and influence on this interaction. In addition, we also review the available knowledge on the effects of melatonin on gut microbiota composition, as well as its ability to alleviate dysbiosis related to sleep deprivation or chronodisruptive conditions. The melatonin–gut microbiota relationship has also been discussed in terms of its role in the development of different disorders, from inflammatory or metabolic disorders to psychiatric and neurological conditions, also considering oxidative stress and the reactive oxygen species-scavenging properties of melatonin as the main factors mediating this relationship.
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    Metabolic profile and glycemic response in fully-grown sows born using assisted reproductive technologies
    (Elsevier, 2024-10-02) Cánovas Bernabé, Sebastián; Heras García, Sonia; Romero Aguirregomezcorta, Jon; Quintero Moreno, Armando Arturo; Gadea Mateos, Joaquín; Coy Fuster, Pilar; Romar Andrés, Raquel; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada; Facultad de Veterinaria
    The aim of the present work was to gain insight into the metabolism of pigs derived from assisted reproductive technologies during their adulthood. Approximately 4h after feeding, a blood sample was taken from 3.5 year old sows born by artificial insemination (AI group, n = 7) and transfer of in vitro produced embryos (IVP group, n = 11) to determine the physiological concentrations of the main biomarkers of carbohydrates (glucose and lactate), proteins (albumin, creatinine and urea) and lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides). Four weeks later, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1.75g glucose/kg body weight) was performed after an overnight fast and 1h of water withdrawal. Blood samples were obtained prior (T = 0 min; fasting conditions) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 min after glucose intake. At each time point, glycemia was measured immediately using glucometer test strips, and serum was collected to determine the above metabolites along with insulin and glucagon. After OGTT, the area under the curve (AUC) between sampling times and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) indices were calculated. Under physiological conditions, the concentration of metabolites studied was similar between AI and IVP sows. In both groups, fasting decreased cholesterol and increased triglycerides and urea (P < 0.001). However, creatinine and lactate were similar in both groups under physiological and fasting conditions. The expected increase in albuminemia and decrease in glycaemia after fasting was only observed in IVP sows. OGTT revealed a different glucose curve pattern (monophasic in AI and biphasic in IVP group), a lower mean concentration of cholesterol, glucose, lactate, triglycerides in IVP compared to AI pigs (P < 0.01), and a higher mean concentration of albumin, creatinine and insulin in IVP compared to AI group (P < 0.05). On the contrary, no differences were found between groups for mean serum glucagon and urea levels, nor for glucose homeostasis indices HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B. The AUC differed between groups at several time points with larger AUC for creatinine, and smaller AUC for glucose, glucagon, and triglycerides, in IVP pigs than in AI pigs at 180–210 min (P < 0.05). In conclusion, under physiological conditions the metabolic profile of fully-grown AI and IVP sows is similar and within normal ranges. Glucose challenge revealed differences in metabolic and insulin responses between groups but with normal glucose tolerance in both cases.
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    Metabolic profile and glycemic response in fully-grown sows born using assisted reproductive technologies
    (Elsevier, 2024-10-02) Cánovas, Sebastián; Heras, S.; Quintero-Moreno, A.A.; Gadea, Joaquín; Coy, P.; Romar, Raquel; Romero Aguirregomezcorta, Jon; Fisiología
    The aim of the present work was to gain insight into the metabolism of pigs derived from assisted reproductive technologies during their adulthood. Approximately 4h after feeding, a blood sample was taken from 3.5 year old sows born by artificial insemination (AI group, n = 7) and transfer of in vitro produced embryos (IVP group, n = 11) to determine the physiological concentrations of the main biomarkers of carbohydrates (glucose and lactate), proteins (albumin, creatinine and urea) and lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides). Four weeks later, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1.75g glucose/kg body weight) was performed after an overnight fast and 1h of water withdrawal. Blood samples were obtained prior (T = 0 min; fasting conditions) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 min after glucose intake. At each time point, glycemia was measured immediately using glucometer test strips, and serum was collected to determine the above metabolites along with insulin and glucagon. After OGTT, the area under the curve (AUC) between sampling times and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) indices were calculated. Under physiological conditions, the concentration of metabolites studied was similar between AI and IVP sows. In both groups, fasting decreased cholesterol and increased triglycerides and urea (P < 0.001). However, creatinine and lactate were similar in both groups under physiological and fasting conditions. The expected increase in albuminemia and decrease in glycaemia after fasting was only observed in IVP sows. OGTT revealed a different glucose curve pattern (monophasic in AI and biphasic in IVP group), a lower mean concentration of cholesterol, glucose, lactate, triglycerides in IVP compared to AI pigs (P < 0.01), and a higher mean concentration of albumin, creatinine and insulin in IVP compared to AI group (P < 0.05). On the contrary, no differences were found between groups for mean serum glucagon and urea levels, nor for glucose homeostasis indices HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B. The AUC differed between groups at several time points with larger AUC for creatinine, and smaller AUC for glucose, glucagon, and triglycerides, in IVP pigs than in AI pigs at 180–210 min (P < 0.05). In conclusion, under physiological conditions the metabolic profile of fully-grown AI and IVP sows is similar and within normal ranges. Glucose challenge revealed differences in metabolic and insulin responses between groups but with normal glucose tolerance in both cases.
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    Metabolic profile and glycemic response in fully-grown sows born using assisted reproductive technologies
    (Elsevier, 2024-10-02) Canovas, Sebastian; Heras, Sonia; Quintero-Moreno, Armando; Gadea, Joaquin; Coy, Pilar; Romar, Raquel; Romero Aguirregomezcorta, Jon; Fisiología
    The aim of the present work was to gain insight into the metabolism of pigs derived from assisted reproductive technologies during their adulthood. Approximately 4h after feeding, a blood sample was taken from 3.5 year old sows born by artificial insemination (AI group, n = 7) and transfer of in vitro produced embryos (IVP group, n = 11) to determine the physiological concentrations of the main biomarkers of carbohydrates (glucose and lactate), proteins (albumin, creatinine and urea) and lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides). Four weeks later, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1.75g glucose/kg body weight) was performed after an overnight fast and 1h of water withdrawal. Blood samples were obtained prior (T = 0 min; fasting conditions) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 min after glucose intake. At each time point, glycemia was measured immediately using glucometer test strips, and serum was collected to determine the above metabolites along with insulin and glucagon. After OGTT, the area under the curve (AUC) between sampling times and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) indices were calculated. Under physiological conditions, the concentration of metabolites studied was similar between AI and IVP sows. In both groups, fasting decreased cholesterol and increased triglycerides and urea (P < 0.001). However, creatinine and lactate were similar in both groups under physiological and fasting conditions. The expected increase in albuminemia and decrease in glycaemia after fasting was only observed in IVP sows. OGTT revealed a different glucose curve pattern (monophasic in AI and biphasic in IVP group), a lower mean concentration of cholesterol, glucose, lactate, triglycerides in IVP compared to AI pigs (P < 0.01), and a higher mean concentration of albumin, creatinine and insulin in IVP compared to AI group (P < 0.05). On the contrary, no differences were found between groups for mean serum glucagon and urea levels, nor for glucose homeostasis indices HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B. The AUC differed between groups at several time points with larger AUC for creatinine, and smaller AUC for glucose, glucagon, and triglycerides, in IVP pigs than in AI pigs at 180–210 min (P < 0.05). In conclusion, under physiological conditions the metabolic profile of fully-grown AI and IVP sows is similar and within normal ranges. Glucose challenge revealed differences in metabolic and insulin responses between groups but with normal glucose tolerance in both cases.
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    Mitochondrial metabolism characterization of four different fish cell lines
    Espinosa-Ruiz, Cristóbal; Mayor-Lafuente, Javier; Esteban Abad, María de los Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología
    Different cell lines (SAF-1, DLB-1, PLHC-1 and FuB-1) mitro stress (OCR and ECAR) raw data.
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    Pathogenesis of spinal intramedullary lipomas: two case reports
    (BioMed Central, 2023-07-25) Moreno Gómez, Luis Miguel; García Pérez, Daniel; González‑León, Pedro Juan; Munarriz, Pablo M.; Castaño‑León, Ana María; Farmacología; Farmacia
    Background: Spinal lipomas not associated with dysraphism are rare and have an unknown natural history. In this report, we describe two cases; they showed recurrence during long-term follow-up, which makes us doubt a benign malformative etiology. Case reports: Two patients, a 19-year-old South American woman and a 14-year-old boy with spinal lipomas, underwent surgical resection. The lipomas were not associated with dysraphism and were located in the cervicothoracic and craniocervical junctions. In both cases, we decided to operate due to clinical progression; the former had a progressive natural course, and the latter experienced clinical worsening after recurrence from previous surgeries. The surgery took place with the assistance of neurophysiological monitoring and intraoperative ultrasound; a partial resection and medullary decompression were done, following the more recent recommendations. Discussion: The natural history of these lesions is currently unknown due to their rarity and the heterogeneity in the long-term follow-up of previously reported cases. Although previous reports describe good outcomes after surgical resection, long follow-ups, especially in young subjects, may show differences in these outcomes with progression and recurrence. We contribute to this last piece of evidence by describing two more cases of progression and recurrence. : Lessons: Long-term close follow-up should be done in young subjects with spinal lipomas, as they are more prone to an aggressive course. Metabolism and hormonal changes may be behind this progression. Reoperation must be considered if neurological decline is detected.
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    Pathogenesis of spinal intramedullary lipomas: two case reports
    (BioMed Central, 2023-07-25) Moreno Gómez, Luis Miguel; García Pérez, Daniel; González‑León, Pedro Juan; Munarriz, Pablo M.; Castaño‑León, Ana María; Farmacología; Farmacia
    Background: Spinal lipomas not associated with dysraphism are rare and have an unknown natural history. In this report, we describe two cases; they showed recurrence during long-term follow-up, which makes us doubt a benign malformative etiology. Case reports: Two patients, a 19-year-old South American woman and a 14-year-old boy with spinal lipomas, underwent surgical resection. The lipomas were not associated with dysraphism and were located in the cervicothoracic and craniocervical junctions. In both cases, we decided to operate due to clinical progression; the former had a progressive natural course, and the latter experienced clinical worsening after recurrence from previous surgeries. The surgery took place with the assistance of neurophysiological monitoring and intraoperative ultrasound; a partial resection and medullary decompression were done, following the more recent recommendations. Discussion: The natural history of these lesions is currently unknown due to their rarity and the heterogeneity in the long-term follow-up of previously reported cases. Although previous reports describe good outcomes after surgical resection, long follow-ups, especially in young subjects, may show differences in these outcomes with progression and recurrence. We contribute to this last piece of evidence by describing two more cases of progression and recurrence. Lessons: Long-term close follow-up should be done in young subjects with spinal lipomas, as they are more prone to an aggressive course. Metabolism and hormonal changes may be behind this progression. Reoperation must be considered if neurological decline is detected.