Browsing by Subject "Ganglion cells"
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- PublicationOpen AccessNPY and TH innervation in human choroidal whole-mounts(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2005) Triviño, A.; Hoz, R.de; Rojas, Blanca; Salazar, J.J.; Ramírez, Ana I.; Ramírez, José M.To determine the distribution of NPY and TH human choroidal innervation, choroidal whole-mounts were processed for indirect immunofluorescence. An antibody to a component of the neuronal cytoskeleton, neurofilament 200 kDa (NF-200) was used to identify neurons and axons. A double immunostaining was performed, antibodies against NF-200 being combined with antibodies against neuropeptide Y (NPY) and tyroxine hydroxylase (TH). Fibers containing both NPY and TH were distributed in three plexuses, one in the suprachoroid large-sized vessel layer, and two in the medium-sized vessel layer. Intrinsic choroidal neurons (ICNs) containing NPY and TH were observed in the suprachoroid. The TH(+) ICNs were located in the medium-sized vessel layer. Overall, NPY(+) and TH(+) ICNs were more frequent in the central temporal area, both in isolation and forming microganglia. We also detected small spindle elements intensely immunoreactive to TH(+) and distributed mainly in the suprachoroid from the equator to the periphery. In conclusion, the human choroid contains abundant NPY and TH nerve fibers related to chroroidal vascular structures; it further possesses NPY(+) and TH(+) ICNs which contribute to the choroidal self-regulation persisting after sympathetic denervation. Additionally, these ICNs may at least partially explain why the choroidal blood flow does not respond to the factors that influence systemic vascular control. The preferential location of these cells in the submacular area suggests that dysfunction or degeneration of these cells may be a factor in vascular pathologies found in ocular disease, such as diabetic macular edema or age-related macular degeneration.
- PublicationOpen AccessPeculiarities of the thyroid gland structure (With special reference to the presence of ganglion zells)(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Sarrat, R.; Torres, A.; Whyte, J.We have perforined a study on the coirrparati\,e structure of the thyroid gland in several species OS mainmals (i-at, cat, dog, lamb, pig, cow, and rnan). We hnve described the structural differences among thein, paying special attention to the distribution of conncctive tissue. the intrafollicular and parafollicular cells. In the thyroid gland, we can confirm the existente of n e n e cclls. either isolated or forining vegetative cai-iglions in the iiitei-follicular spaces. in soine of the specie stiidied. especially in the rat and the dog.
- PublicationOpen AccessSubstance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide intrinsic choroidal neurons in human choroidal whole-mounts(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2008) Hoz, Ana de; Ramírez, Ana I.; Salazar, Juan J.; Rojas, Blanca; Ramírez, José M.; Triviño, AlbertoTo determine the presence in the human choroid of substance P (SP)-and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) positive intrinsic choroidal neurons (ICNs), choroidal whole-mounts were processed for indirect immunofluorescence. An antibody to a component of the neuronal cytoskeleton, neurofilament 200 kDa (NF-200), was combined with antibodies to SP and to CGRP (neuropeptides proper to the sensory nervous system). The human choroid possesses numerous SP(+) and CGRP(+) ICNs. These neurons were observed in the suprachoroid, both in isolation and forming microganglia. For both types of ICNs studied, neurons were more numerous in the temporal than in the nasal regions. In both locations, SP(+) and CGRP(+) ICNs were more abundant in the central choroid (the choroid underneath the macular area of the retina), with cell density diminishing outwards to the choroidal periphery. There were no appreciable differences between the two populations of ICNs studied in terms of size, morphology or immunostaining characteristics. In conclusion, given that peripheral sensory innervation could be involved in the regulation of both choroidal blood flow and vascular architecture, the SP(+) and CGRP(+) ICNs described for the first time in the present work may be involved in these mechanisms of vascular regulation.
- PublicationOpen AccessSurvival of melanopsin expressing retinal ganglion cells long term after optic nerve trauma in mice(Elsevier, 2018-05-29) Sánchez-Migallón, María Cielo ; Valiente Soriano, Francisco Javier; Nadal-Nicolás, Francisco Manuel; Di Pierdomenico, Johnny; Vidal Sanz, Manuel; Agudo Barriuso, Marta; Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica; Facultad de MedicinaIn this study we have compared the response to optic nerve crush (ONC) and to optic nerve transection (ONT) of the general population of retinal ganglion cells in charge of the image-forming visual functions that express Brn3a (Brn3a+RGCs) with that of the sub-population of non-image forming RGCs that express melanopsin (m+RGCs). Intact animals were used as control. ONT and ONC were performed at 0.5 mm from the optic disk, and retinas dissected 3, 5, 7, 14, 30, 45 or 90 days later (n = 5/injury/time point). In all the retinas, Brn3a+RGCs and m+RGCs were identified and their survival analyzed quantitatively and topographically. There were no differences in the course of RGC loss between lesions. The decrease of RGCs was significant at short time points (3 or 5 days for Brn3a+ or m+ RGCs, respectively) and, up to 14 days, the course of loss of both RGC populations was similar, surviving at this time point between 20 and 22% of their original population. However, while the loss of Brn3a+RGCs continues steadily up to 90 days when only 5–6% of them still remain, the loss of m+RGCs stops at 14 days, and the proportion of surviving m+RGCs remains constant up to 90 days (26–30%). In conclusion, m+RGC do not respond to axotomy in the same way than the rest of RGCs, and so whilst imageforming RGCs die in two exponential phases a quick one and a slow protracted one, non-image forming RGCs die only during the first quick phase.