Browsing by Subject "Embryonic stem cells"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    In vitro differentiation of primordial germ cells and oocyte-like cells from stem cells
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2018) Costa, José J.N.; Souza, Glaucinete B.; Soares, Maria A.A.; Ribeiro, Regislane P.; van den Hurk, Robert; Silva, José R.V.
    Infertility is the result of failure due to an organic disorder of the reproductive organs, especially their gametes. Recently, much progress has been made on generating germ cells, including oocytes, from various types of stem cells. This review focuses on advances in female germ cell differentiation from different kinds of stem cells, with emphasis on embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. The advantages and disadvantages of the derivation of female germ cells from several types of stem cells are also highlighted, as well as the ability of stem cells to generate mature and functional female gametes. This review shows that stem cell therapies have opened new frontiers in medicine, especially in the reproductive area, with the possibility of regenerating fertility.
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    Las quimeras y el derecho francés
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Legros, Bérengère
    La ley francesa de 2 de agosto de 2021 sobre bioética suprime la prohibición expresa de crear embriones quiméricos. Si bien crea una nueva prohibición, la de modificar un embrión humano mediante la adición de células de otras especies, autoriza a contrario la modificación de un embrión animal mediante la adición de células de otras especies, incluidas las humanas. El legislador transgrede un tabú que antes se consideraba inalterable. Difumina las fronteras entre humanos y animales para tratar a los primeros creando, quizá con el tiempo, órganos a medida. La opción del legislador es autorizar una técnica concreta de quimerismo con células madre pluripotentes, células madre embrionarias y células madre pluripotentes inducidas. Sin embargo, no hay ninguna referencia semántica al quimérico en la ley, el legislador se limita a establecer una definición de la manipulación particular prohibida y parece rechazar cualquier ontología de este ser vivo creado artificialmente para la humanidad. La desaparición del término quimera es el buque insignia de las herramientas jurídicas utilizadas por el legislador de 2021 para lograr la aceptabilidad social de diversas técnicas de creación de quimeras.
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    The impact of mechanical stress on stem cell properties: The link between cell shape and pluripotency
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Caifeng Ho, Jolene; Ueda, Jun; Shimizu, Takeshi
    y. Embryonic development and differentiation are controlled largely by external stimuli. Mechanical forces, such as those exerted by the surrounding cells and tissues, gravity and substrate rigidity, have been shown to affect cell morphology and spreading, thus triggering signaling pathways that dictate their development. These mechanosignaling pathways play important roles in cellular differentiation and the determination of cell fate. In this review, we discuss the effects of external environmental stimuli on cell differentiation and how this affects pluripotency, as well as the key molecules and pathways involved in mechanosignaling, particularly in relation to embryonic stem cells. Advances in experimental techniques and devices used to study the different aspects of mechanobiology are also examined. Finally, the effects of mechanical stress on the initiation and maintenance of pathological processes such as cancer, as well as their implications for prognosis and possible therapies, are discussed.