Browsing by Subject "DNA"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Aspectos éticos de los bancos de datos de DNA de interés policial.
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2021) Mestres, Francesc; Pegueroles Quertalt, Cinta; Vives-Rego, Josep
    El primer banco de datos policial basado en perfiles genéticos de DNA se introdujo en el Reino Unido en 1995. La identificación de posibles sospechosos se realiza por la comparación directa de un perfil genético recuperado del lugar de los hechos con otro almacenado en un banco de datos. Desde un principio se ha demostrado que dichos bancos de DNA son una herramienta de investigación policial poderosa, pero que presenta diversos problemas éticos. Posteriormente se fue más allá buscando coincidencias parciales, que podrían indicar un vínculo familiar entre un perfil genético almacenado y otro obtenido en el lugar de los hechos. Este procedimiento genera un elevado número de sospechosos potenciales entre personas ajenas al caso que se investiga. Recientemente la búsqueda policial basada en el DNA ha penetrado en bancos de datos de interés no criminal, sino destinados a estimar el origen étnico de personas o descubrir familiares lejanos. Este tipo de búsquedas ha suscitado la posibilidad de generar un banco de datos universal de DNA, donde toda la población estuviese incluida. Estos y otros aspectos bioéticos respecto a la información basada en el DNA y a su acceso son tratados en el presente artículo.
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    Clinico-pathological correlations in meningiomas, a DNA and immunohistochemical study
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1993) Cruz-Sánchez, F. F.; Miquel, R.; Rossi, M.L.; Figols, J.; Palacín, A.; Cardesa, Antonio
    We have studied 41 meningiomas classified histologically as benjgn, atypical or anaplastic. There were 26 females and 15 males and the mean age was 53 years. 36 tumours were supratentorial, 4 infratentorial and one spinal. Flow cytometry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue using a selective staining technique for DNA. The ploidy index of DNA and percentage of cells in the S and G2/M phases were calculated. Results were correlated with clinical, histological and immunohistological data. 16/41 tumours . were found to be diploid, 17/41 aneuploid and 8/41 could not be analysed. Significant correlations were found between aneuploid tumours and some qualitative features such as recurrence, pleomorphism, high cellular density, mitotic activity and brain and soft tissue infiltration. A high proliferative index appeared to be associated with clinical aggressiveness. No particular correlation between the expression of cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen markers and flow cytometry was found. Our results suggest that DNA flow cytometry in meningiomas may be of value in predicting the behaviour of these neoplasms and confirm that epithelial pattern in meningiomas is not linked to increased anaplasia or poor prognosis.
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    DNA-Ploidy, morphometric-stereological and P-Glycoprotein study of superficial bladder carcinomas
    (S. Karger AG, 1992) Sánchez Fernández de Sevilla, M. C.; Gil Salom, M.; Pérez Bacete, M.; Morell Cuadreny, L.; Martínez Díaz, F.; Iborra Juan, I.; Fenollosa Entrena, B.; Llombart Bosch, A.; Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica
    We carried out a DNA-ploidy, morphometri􀀜stereolcgic and P-glycoprotein study on 40 newly diagnosed superficial bladder cancer patients (G l-G2), cor­relating the results with histological grade and clinical outcome. Variations in the number of patients who present recurrences, progression or remain tumor-free during the whole follow-up period (at least 5 years) were not signif­icant when related to nuclear size, proliferative diploid index, presl!nce of aneuploidy and expression of P-glycoprotein. lt is striking how the majority of disease-free subjects showed a proliferative diploid index higher than 10%. Moreoyer .. 3 of them presented a11 aneuploid cell population. In our study, only histological grade showed a significant discriminatory level in terms of progression versus no progression in patients with superficial bladder cancer.
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    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oxidative stress in cancer cells
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Adachi, M.; Sakamoto, H.; Kawamura, R.; Wang, W.; Imai, K.; Shinomura, Y.
    Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells, including those of colon, prostate, breast and leukemia. In addition, the classical NSAIDs sulindac and aspirin are promising chemopreventive agents against colon cancer. NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenases (COX) preventing the formation of prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. NSAIDs also exert other biological effects, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of NF-kB-mediated signals. Despite many suggested mechanisms for their anticancer effects, it remains uncertain how they induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Furthermore, there is little information on the selectivity of NSAIDs-mediated anticancer effects, although this is one of the most important issues in cancer therapy. Increased understanding of the biological basis for the anticancer activity of NSAIDs and their selectivity is essential for future therapeutic advances. In this paper, we propose that increased ROS generation is one of the key mechanisms for NSAIDs-mediated anticancer effects on various cancer cells.
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    Quantification of nitrogenous bases, DNA and Collagen type I for the estimation of the postmortem interval in bone remains
    (2017-11-04) Pérez Martínez, Cristina; Pérez Cárceles, María Dolores; Prieto Bonete, Gemma; Luna, Aurelio; Legaz Pérez, Isabel; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is an important goal in forensic medicine and continues to be one of the most difficult tasks of the forensic investigator. Few accurate methods exist to determine the time since death of skeletonized human remains due to the great number of intrinsic and external factors that may alter the normal course of postmortem change. The purpose of this research was to assess the usefulness of various biochemical parameters, such as nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, purines, cytosine, thymine, pyrimidines, hypoxanthine and xanthine), DNA and Collagen Type I peptides to estimate PMI. These parameters were analysed in cortical bone for the establishment of data in a total of 80 long bones of 80 corpses (50 males, 30 females) with a mean age of 68.31 years (S.D. = 18.021, range = 20–97). The bones were removed from the cement niches of a cemetery in Murcia (south-eastern Spain), where they had lain for between 5 and 47 years (mean time 23.83 years, S.D. = 10.85). Our results show a significant decrease in adenine (p = 0.0004), guanine (p = 0.0001), purines (p = 0.0001), cytosine (p = 0.0001), thymine (p = 0.0226), pyrimidines (p = 0.0002) and the number of peptides of Collagen type I (p = 0.0053) in those with a PMI ≥ 20 years. In a curvilinear regression analysis the results show that 30.6% of the variable PMI could be explained by guanine concentration, in bones with a PMI < 20 years, while in cases of a PMI ≥ 20 years, the variable that best explained membership of this group was adenine (38.0%). In the discriminant analysis applied to the all the variables as a function of PMI when two groups were established, 86.7% of the cases were correctly classified. These results show that the quantification of Collagen type I proteins and nitrogenous bases could be used as a complementary tool, together with other analyses, in the estimation of PMI.