Sport TK Vol 9, Nº 1 (2020) Suplemento 1
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- PublicationOpen AccessInjuries among Portuguese skiers and snowboarders(Murcia: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2020) Martins, André; Silva, Bruno; Camões, Miguel; Pereira, Joel; Clemente, Filipe ManuelWith the introduction of Snowboarding into the world there has been a huge increase in the number of winter sports enthusiasts. This study’s aim is to analyse and compare the injury profiles associated to Por-tuguese Skiers and Snowboarders. A total of 218 individuals completed a 2 years retrospective questionnaire, of which 87 (40%) of them were Skiers, 113 (52%) Snowboarders and 18 (8%) practised both sports. A total of 107 (49%) subjects were injured, with 42 (39.3%) Ski related and 72 (67.3%) Snowboard related injuries. The most frequent body location of injury was the knee in both sports (59.5% in Ski and 31.9% in Snowboard). In conclu-sion we observe that Snowboarding has a higher risk of injury compared to Skiing.
- PublicationOpen AccessFormación en Primeros Auxilios en el Turismo Activo(Murcia: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2020) Carrillo Heredia, María JoséExiste una demanda creciente del sector del turismo activo en España, que ofrece actividades que conllevan riesgos asumidos. A pesar de minimizar este riesgo con amplios conocimientos técnicos de los trabajadores del sector, pueden ocurrir accidentes. Puesto que no existe uniformidad legislativa en España, el objetivo del artículo es comparar los requisitos exigidos en cada comunidad y reflexionar sobre el nivel de formación en primeros auxilios que tienen los monitores, guías e instructores de actividades de turismo activo en España.
- PublicationOpen AccessComparison of the physical profile of male and female athletes of obstacle races(Murcia: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2020) Baptista, José; Brandão, António; Frontini, Roberta; Pereira, Joel; Clemente, Filipe ManuelWith the constant increase of the female population in obstacle races in sport it is important to consider possible comparisons with men in terms of physical capacities. Thus, the present study aims to compare the morphological and functional characteristics between male (n = 27) and female (n = 6) of obstacle course running (OCR). The results show that, comparing the runners of both sexes, men have a BMI (t = 0.135, d = 0.692) and body mass (t = 0.001, d = 1.905) slightly higher, with women having more fat mass t = 0.001, d = 2,541). In terms of functional aspects, male practitioners obtained significantly higher values of MRI in the back squat (t = 0.019; d = 1,120), pull-up (t = 0.001; d = 2,019) and throwing of the medicine ball (t = 0.001; d) = 3,469) compared to women. Concluding that in general men are more resistant, powerful, fast and agile, but with higher fatigue rates compared to women.
- PublicationOpen AccessTraining profile and performance in elite bodyboarders(Murcia: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2020) Silva, Bruno; Cruz, GonçaloSurfing can be considered an intermittent activity with differ-ent intensities, were fitness level of surfing athletes contributes to a better performance in both training and competition. Despite some knowledge about the fitness levels of elite surfers, there is limited published research examining the training profile of elite Bodyboarders and is influence in competition outcomes. During the Viana World Bodyboard Pro in Viana do Castelo, 49 elite bodyboarders, replied a retrospective questionnaire that include training habits. Spearmen correlation and Mann-Whitney test was applied to determine possible associations and comparation between groups. The ending ranking in the world tour is influenced by the practice of Physical Training and the fact that have a coach (p< 0.05). Bodyboard-ing is more than a recreational sport needing a new insight regarding sports specific season plan, that allow athletes compete at higher level. Specially for Junior athlete’s, physical training is key factor for accomplish better performance.
- PublicationOpen AccessCan lab and field testing be complementary in defining physiological effort through the Serra da Estrela routes?(Murcia: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2020) Bartolomeu, Raúl F.; Bragada, José A.; Casanova, Natalina; Casanova, Jorge; Costa, Mário J.Background: The current classification of the hiking trails us-ing an agreement between lab and field test is inexistent. The aim of this study was to characterize a single route in a physiological basis. Methods:Twenty-nine subjects underwent a 11km hike. The velocity and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously. In a separate day, all subjects under-went a laboratory test to measure both HR and Oxygen uptake (VO2). Lin-ear regressions between net HR (HRnet) vs %VO2 reserve were computed. Results: The mean coefficients of determination were very high (R2=0.98). The calculated %VO2reserve mean values for this route were 42%. Conclu-sions: This route elicited light-to-moderate intensities. When hiking in this or in similar round routes, the formula %VO2reserve=0.64+0.77*HRnet can be used to assess the hiking intensity. The complementarity of the field and lab tests proved to be useful and reliable in defining the energetic de-mands of the hike.
- PublicationOpen AccessIntra- and inter- observer reliability of the Canyoning Assessement Tool(Murcia: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2020) Sarmento, David Luís; Brandão, António; Gonçalves, Luis; Pereira, Joel; Clemente, Filipe ManuelThe numerous technical manuals or technical training does not guarantee a good technical level. Objective: Validate an instrument for evaluating the rope manoeuvres skills for canyoning - level I. Methods: 28 individuals, including beginners (<3 years of experience), and experienced practitioners (≥ 3 years of experience) in this sport. These presented an aver-age age of 27.5 +- 7.89 years. The technical execution was recorded in video for further evaluation. This was done by three observers, all experienced in canyoning where two of them teaching this sport at University. The evaluation was replicated later over 20 days. Results: The results had good reliability levels, in the intra- and inter-class analyses, as in the test/re-test analysis. The Final Score variables present excellent reliability among the three observers. Conclusion: After analysing the results, we concluded that the CAT (Canyoning Assessment Tool) is a reliable instrument for evalua-tion skills in rope manoeuvres in canyoning.
- PublicationOpen AccessComparison of motivational factors between the practice of sports of nature, competitive adventure and leisure(Murcia: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2020) Brandão, António; Frontini, Roberta; Peixoto, Diogo; Fernandes, Daniel; Clemente, Filipe ManuelThe main aim of this study was to compare sports practitioners of a competitive and leisure nature sports regarding their motivations for prac-tice. The sample consisted of 631 adults (504 men and 127 women) who practiced nature and adventure sports. Participants answered an assessment protocol composed of a sociodemographic form and the Exercise Motiva-tion Inventory - 2 (EMI-2) questionnaire. Among leisure and competition practitioners, variations were analyzed using standardized effect size dif-ferences (ES) with 90% Confidence Interval (CI). The following scale was used to interpret the magnitude effect: <0,2, trivial; 0,2-0,6, small; 0,6-1,2, moderate; > 1,2, large. The probabilities were tested considering the smallest worthwhile changes (SW, 0,2 x between SD subjects). The following scale was used for qualitative probabilities: 25-75%, possibly; 75-95%, likely; 95-99% very likely; e> 99% almost certain. Differences in variables were tested regarding the following factors: Social Recognition, Positive Health, Weight, Stress Management, Revitalisation, Enjoyment, Challenge, Af-filiation, Competition, Health Pressures, Health Avoidance, Appearance, Strength & Endurance and Nimbleness. Only the variables Enjoyment and Competition had moderate magnitude when comparing leisure to competitive practitioners. When comparing within gender, we found that the variable Competition is more noticeable in females compared to leisure having a probability of almost certain with large magnitude on the Enjoy-ment variable -29.2% [-36.8;-20.6]; ES: -2.17 [-2.89;-1.45] and competition -50.7% [-60.6;-38.4]; ES: -1.52 [-2.00;-1.04]. Understanding the motives that fit the practice of a particular sport is essential to tailor a strategy and make sports plans more appealing and interesting for their practitioners. The Enjoyment and Competition factors were the most significant, which influenced the gender differences between and when comparing the profile of leisure and competitors.
- PublicationOpen AccessSecurity and risk management in outdoor sports – an exploratory systematic review(Murcia: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2020) Mata, Carlos; Carvalhinho, LuísThe development and growth of tourism has increased the prac-tice of nature and adventure sports, which is directly correlated to the risk inherent to the unpredictability of the environment and human reliance. In this exploratory systematic review, we set out to search for insight attained in the last decade, regarding safety and risk management in outdoor sports. We use the following sources: electronic databases (web of knowledge, b-on, rcaap), plus master’s and doctoral dissertations. The keywords used in our research were, in Portuguese, English and French: “Risk”; “Safety and risk management sport”; “Safety and risk management in adventure sports”; “Risk in outdoor activities”; “Risk in adventure sports”; “Safety in adventure activities”. From the 40 articles selected, only 33 attended to the necessary criteria: empirical studies of the past 10 years, pertaining academic dis-sertations, scientific articles or books. It resulted in 33 selected readings, comprising 17 international studies and 16 national.