Cuadernos de psicología del deporte, Vol.26 Nº2 (2026)

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Factores Motivacionales para la Práctica de Actividad Física en Estudiantes de Educación Superior
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Borges, Moisés Augusto de Oliveira; Souza, Wanderson Fernandes de; Sin departamento asociado
Introduction: University students represent a group vulnerable to compromised physical, mental, and social health, frequently adopting sedentary habits. Objective: To identify the motivational aspects that influence the participation of undergraduate students enrolled in a Brazilian public university in physical and sporting activities, both in the academic context and in spaces outside the institution. Materials and Methods: 377 students of both genders, aged 18 or older, were selected by convenience and stratified by course. Four questionnaires were used: general data, physical activity profile, and motivation (MPAM-R). Results: Before entering university, 63.4% of participants were physically active; currently, this number has dropped to 53.32%. Academic commitments negatively impact physical activity for 49.07% of students. Regarding health, 11.67% reported poor health and 40.85% reported fair health. There was a significant positive correlation between regular physical activity and better self-perception of health. Health was the main motivating factor (average 5.82), followed by Fun, Appearance, Competence, and Social interaction. Conclusions: Health is the main motivation for physical activity among students, being the most relevant factor in their adherence
Open Access
Exploración de las variaciones en el agotamiento entre deportes de equipo e individuales: las estrategias de afrontamiento como mediadoras entre el capital psicológico y el agotamiento en deportistas de nivel 3
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Nambron, Arun; Vasanthi, Gavoutamane; Sreedharan, Sreerag C.; Kambitta Valappil, Ibnu Noufal; Sin departamento asociado
Athlete burnout remains a critical issue within the realm of elite sports, particularly among those participating in individual disciplines, who may be more susceptible compared to their counterparts in team sports. This cross-sectional survey research aimed to explore the disparity in burnout levels between individual and team sport athletes, examine how psychological capital (PsyCap) relates to athlete burnout, and determine whether coping strategies serve as a mediating factor in this relationship. A total of 119 tier 3 athletes participated in the study, completing standardized measures of PsyCap, coping mechanisms, and burnout symptoms. The findings indicated that athletes engaged in individual sports experienced notably higher levels of burnout than their counterparts in team sports (p<0.001). Athletes in individual sports experienced higher levels of exhaustion (*d* = 2.37, a large effect size). Moreover, we found that PsyCap was negatively associated with burnout (p<0.01), indicating that athletes with higher levels of psychological resources experienced fewer symptoms of burnout. Further examination revealed that coping strategies served as a full mediator in this relationship; athletes with elevated PsyCap were more likely to utilize effective coping methods, which in turn helped mitigate burnout. Overall, the model explained a substantial amount of the variance in burnout levels among the athletes. These results highlight the vital role of both PsyCap and effective coping techniques in mitigating burnout risks among elite athletes. Interventions aimed at enhancing these protective factors may help prevent or mitigate burnout among elite athletes, particularly those in individual sports.
Open Access
Mindfulness en deportistas de resistencia: beneficios para el bienestar psicológico y el rendimiento deportivo –Una revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Rodríguez, Sabina Tamara; Rueda-Extremera, María; Bolló-Gasol, Salomé; Cantero-García, María; Sin departamento asociado
Mindfulness has emerged as a relevant practice in Sport Psychology, particularly in endurance sports, where physical and psychological demands are especially high. This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on psychological well-being and sport performance in endurance athletes, considering associated psychologicalfactors such as emotional regulation, anxiety, stress, and the flow state.The review was conducted following the PRISMA (2020) guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO platform (2024). A systematic search was performed across several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Six studies evaluating mindfulness-based interventions in endurance athletes were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and the ROBINS-I V2 tool.The results suggest that mindfulness may act as a psychological facilitator, promoting the acceptance of internal experiences, improving attentional focus and resilience, as well as reducing anxiety and stress and increasing the experience of flow. Effect sizes across the included studies ranged from small to very large (d = 0.31–1.83). Psychological well-being variables generally showed moderate to large effects, while sport performance outcomes presented more variable results.Methodological limitations and the small number of studies restrict the generalizability of the findings. In conclusion, mindfulness appears to be a promising intervention in endurance sports, although further research with more robust designs is required to consolidate its effectiveness and practical applicability.
Open Access
Impacto del Modelo de Responsabilidad Personal y Social (TPSR) en la Educación Física a nivel de Educación Secundaria: una revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Conejo-Domínguez, L; Benítez-Sillero, J. de D; Murillo-Moraño, J; Rodríguez-Villena, C.; Armada-Crespo, J. M; Sin departamento asociado
Hellison's Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model (TPSR) is an innovative methodology focused on promoting the increase of students' responsibility. Its origin lies in the pursuit of students' holistic development, and its effectiveness has been proven for years, especially in the subject of Physical Education during Secondary Education. This systematic review, developed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, aims to identify and examine interventions that have implemented this model in this educational stage and subject. The search for documents was carried out in the WOS, Scopus, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases, as well as in other websites and in the reference lists of the selected articles from these databases. Inclusion criteria were applied according to the PICO strategy, resulting in a total of 14 studies. These studies indicate that the implementation of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model in Physical Education produces notable improvements in variables such as personal and social responsibility, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, self-regulation, and prosocial behaviors among Secondary Education students. Likewise, it is emphasized that the hybridization of this model with others, such as Gamification or the Sport Education Model, further increases its effectiveness. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model, either individually or through hybridization with other models, has a positive impact on the psychosocial variables of Secondary Education students, promoting their holistic development through Physical Education
Open Access
Un cuarto de siglo observando a Teresa
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Castellano Paulis, Julen; Sin departamento asociado
The article “A Quarter of a Century Observing Teresa” is an academic and personal account of 25 years of research into Observational Methodology (OM) led by María Teresa Anguera Arguilaga. The text describes the impact of Teresa’s legacy in the fields of teaching and research, but above all, on a personal level. The school established by Teresa remains the benchmark for addressing, through a robust mixed-methods approach such as observation, realities that are difficult to tackle using invasive or artificial methods. Drawing on real-world examples (doctoral theses), the text highlights how OM has served as a central framework for studying behaviour in sporting contexts, combining a variety of observational designs with sequential and relational analyses. The text describes the cross-disciplinary application of MO in football, basketball, individual sports and training contexts. Furthermore, it details some proposals in which tracking technologies (optical and global positioning) and inertial motion technologies have been integrated, extending as far as artificial intelligence. The article concludes by projecting the future of observation towards predictive models based on multimodal data, highlighting Teresa’s scientific and human legacy as a figure of international standing.
Open Access
Análisis de ligas y equipos de fútbol: revisión sistemática y análisis bibliométrico de las cinco grandes ligas europeas
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Aguilar, Antonio; Sin departamento asociado
El análisis del rendimiento en fútbol ha experimentado un crecimiento notable en la última década gracias al acceso a grandes volúmenes de datos generados por proveedores especializados. Esta disponibilidad ha permitido estudiar el juego con mayor precisión y profundidad. Sin embargo, la diversidad metodológica y la falta de criterios homogéneos en la definición y operacionalización de los indicadores dificultan la comparación entre estudios y limitan su transferencia al ámbito profesional. El objetivo de este trabajo fue sintetizar la evidencia sobre el análisis del rendimiento de ligas y equipos en las cinco grandes ligas europeas mediante una revisión sistemática y un análisis bibliométrico, con especial atención a la modelización del estilo de juego específico por equipo. Se siguieron las directrices PRISMA 2020 y se realizaron búsquedas en Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar hasta el 30 de noviembre de 2025. Se incluyeron estudios cuantitativos basados en datos masivos que analizaran variables técnico-tácticas, físicas, contextuales o socioeconómicas relacionadas con el rendimiento y el resultado competitivo. La transparencia del reporte se evaluó mediante criterios derivados de STROBE. El análisis bibliométrico, realizado con VOSviewer, permitió examinar redes de coautoría y patrones de coocurrencia de términos para comprender cómo se estructura el campo. Se incluyeron 57 estudios (25 centrados en ligas y 32 en equipos). Predominaron diseños observacionales con fuerte presencia de modelización estadística. Los clústeres identificados se concentraron en métricas de rendimiento y predicción, mientras que la minería de datos avanzada y la inteligencia artificial tuvieron menor representación. A pesar del crecimiento científico, pocos estudios capturan la singularidad táctica real de los equipos, manteniéndose una brecha clara entre producción académica y aplicación práctica
Open Access
El resultado momentáneo del partido y la ventaja actual cambian la ocupación del espacio y el rendimiento durante el partido de un equipo de fútbol
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Kunrath, Caito André; Aquino, Rodrigo; Bedo, Bruno L. S.; Pasquarelli, Bruno; Araújo, Duarte; Leonardi, Thiago; Sin departamento asociado
This study aimed to verify whether the momentary result of the match and the advantage/disadvantage conditions would modify the occupation of playing space and the running performance of a football team. A team composed of ten players participated in the study. The positional data was obtained via GPS devices to analyze the space occupation and the team's running performance (Playertek, Catapult). Geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude) were converted into Cartesian (x,y). A graphical user interface developed in the Matlab environment was used to analyze the information. The data regarding space occupation showed a tendency for the team to present higher values of length (E.S.=0.61) and width (E.S.=0.66) of surface area and less compaction of the team (E.S.=0.47) in conditions of draw and disadvantage compared to victory and partial advantage in the confrontation. In addition, the team covered greater distances at low intensity in a partial victory when they were ahead on the scoreboard for the second time (2 vs 1) compared to the first (1 vs 0) (E.S.=0.6). In situations of draw and partial defeat, the team tended to occupy a larger area in the game, remain less compacted, and covered a greater distance at low intensity closer to the end of the half
Open Access
Herramienta de observación para el estudio de patrones tácticos en el ataque organizado en fútbol
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Callejas-Rosales, Rafael; Quiñones-Rodríguez, Yarisel; Martínez-Aranda, Luis Manuel; Sanz-Matesanz, Manuel; González-Fernández,FranciscoTomás; Sin departamento asociado
This study presents the design and validation of an observation tool to analyze organized attacking actions in soccer. The instrument was developed ad hoc using a mixed system of field formats and a framework of exhaustive and mutually exclusive categories. It is a large-scale instrument composed of 15 criteria and 112 categories, ncluding, as particularly relevant criteria, the completion of the action following ball loss, the distribution of lanes, and the field sectors. A data quality analysis and a generalizability study were conducted. The results of Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall’s Tau-b correlation coefficients, as well as Cohen’s Kappa index, were considered adequate, with values ranging from .94 to .98 for intra-observer reliability and from .75 to .85 for inter-observer reliability. The Kappa agreement index was .91 and .81, respectively. The generalizability analysis confirmed the observers’ reliability, with both relative and absolute G coefficients exceeding .91 in both cases. The results confirm that the observation tool is characterized by high validity, precision, and reliabilit
Open Access
Cuando el dolor paraliza: análisis del programa ProperDual en deportistas con dolor crónico
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Gopar-Alcántara, Miguel; Delgado-Plasencia, Luciano Jonathan; González-Benítez, Nicole; López-Aguilar, David; Sin departamento asociado
Chronic pain is a condition with high prevalence in the global population, a fact that also extends to athletes. Among the multiple variables that comprise this phenomenon is kinesiophobia, understood as an irrational fear of movement. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of kinesiophobia in athletes with chronic pain by evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention developed within the framework of the ProperDual program. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining questionnaires (including the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia -TSK-11SV) and focus groups, administered pre-and post-intervention to a sample of four athletes. Quantitative results showed a general decrease in kinesiophobia, with reductions observed in the activity avoidance and harm beliefs dimensions. Similarly, the qualitative data indicated a shift in participants' internal narratives toward more adaptive pain coping. Thus, the study’s findings suggest that a biopsychosocial and enactive intervention, that proposed by the ProperDual, may have a significant impact on reducing kinesiophobia in athletes living with chronic pain
Open Access
El papel de los mixed methods en las ciencias del deporte: ¿hacia un marco metodológico integrador?
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Maneiro, Rubén; Iván-Baragaño, Iyán; osada, José Luís; Ardá, Antonio; Anguera, María Teresa; Sin departamento asociado
Research in Sports Science has traditionally been characterized by the duality between quantitative and qualitative approaches. In recent decades, mixed methods have emerged as a means of integration that fosters a broader understanding of the object of study. However, their status as a paradigm remains a subject of debate, with some interpreting them as an integrative methodological approach and others positioning them as a possible third paradigm from pragmatic perspectives. In this context, Observational Methodology can be understood as
Open Access
De la psicología del deporte a las ciencias del deporte: el legado de María Teresa Anguera
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Hernández-Mendo, Antonio; Sin departamento asociado
Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte presents Volume 26, Number 2, structured into three major sections: Sport Psychology, Sport Sciences, and a special section dedicated to the Scientific Legacy of María Teresa Anguera
Open Access
Relacióndel Coping, Apoyo Social Percibido y Personalidad con el Burnouten una Muestra de Atletas Universitarios Mexicanos
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Olivera, Ricardo; Perilla-Toro, Lyria Esperanza; Machorro, Felipe; Sin departamento asociado
The article examines how personality traits, coping strategies and perceived social support are related to burnout syndrome in a sample of 230 Mexican university athletes, aged 17-24 years, during the year 2020. The participants were active in various sports disciplines. The results reveal that there are significant connections with burnout in the sample. For example, perceived social support and the Active Planning coping strategy were found to be negatively associated with burnout, while the Mental Withdrawal strategy showed a positive association. In addition, mediation analyses were conducted which indicated significant negative relationships between the traits of Emotional Stability and Openness to Experience with burnout, mediated in both cases by the Active Planning strategy. In conclusion, some of the models explored are adequate to explain specific interactions in the university environment in Mexico. This study has an exploratory and descriptive approach, and its objective is to generate practical applications, allowing the identification of indicators that could improve the well-being of individuals through the adoption of specific academic attitudes or programs to address burnout. It is suggested that these applications are relevant not only in sports and educational contexts, but also in other organizational structures
Open Access
Herramientas y escalas de evaluación en Psicología del deporte. Una revisión sistemática de revisiones
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Rodriguez, Sabina Tamara; Morales-Sánchez, Verónica; VelascoAlonso, Pedro; Hernández-Mendo, Antonio; Sin departamento asociado
Sport Psychology has experienced sustained growth in its scientific production in recent years, increasing the need to rigorously evaluate the quality of the available evidence. The objective of this umbrella review was to identify and analyze the methodological critical appraisal tools used in reviews applied to Sport Psychology. To this end, the guidelines of the PRISMA Statement were followed, and a comprehensive search was conducted in international databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, among others). The protocol was prospectively registered in OSF (2025). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select reviews published between 2015 and 2025 that met standards of methodological quality and transparency. Data extraction was carried out using an ad hoc extraction matrix, and methodological quality was assessed using established tools such as AMSTAR 2, GRADE, CASP, and the JBI Checklist.A total of 128 reviews were included, and 45 critical appraisal tools were identified, the most frequent being MMAT, JBI, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The results indicated that, although there is widespread use of critical appraisal tools, the overall methodological quality was predominantly low or critically low, whereas scoping reviews showed higher levels of quality. In the meta-analyses, small to moderate effect sizes were observed for variables such as flow and sport performance (r = 0.31), mindfulness-based interventions (g = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28–0.69), and reduction of burnout in athletes (d = −0.87; 95% CI: −1.25 to −0.48).Finally, a complementary analysis was conducted focusing on 13 reviews with higher methodological quality and clearly estimated effects, considered the most robust for guiding the interpretation of the findings
Open Access
Development and reproducibility of a perceptual-cognitive test to assess upper-extremity visuomotor response time using the SwitchedOn®smartphone app: a study with young female volleyball players
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Costa, Yago Pessoa da; Cananeia-de-Melo, Maria Teresa; Martins, Filipe Santana; Solon-Junior, Luiz José Frota; Batista, Gilmário Ricarte; Sin departamento asociado
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y evaluar la reproducibilidad test-retest de una prueba perceptual-cognitiva de miembros superiores utilizando la aplicación SwitchedOn®en jugadoras jóvenes de voleibol. Veintiún atletas fueron evaluadas tres veces, con intervalos de 7 días, en sus instalaciones habituales de entrenamiento. Las participantes realizaron tres intentos, durante los cuales se presentaron 20 estímulos visuales de color. Se calcularon indicadores de rendimiento basados en el tiempo de respuesta (RT), incluyendo: mejor intento (BETT), promedio de los tres intentos (MTA) y promedio de los dos últimos intentos (MLA). Los ICC para BETT, MTA y MLA fueron 0,774 (SEM = 0,045; MDC95% = 0,126), 0,748 (SEM = 0,051; MDC95% = 0,143) y 0,776 (SEM = 0,051; MDC95% = 0,141), respectivamente. La prueba perceptual-cognitiva utilizando la aplicación SwitchedOn®para evaluar el RT visomotor de miembros superiores mostró una reproducibilidad aceptable en jóvenes jugadoras de voleibol. Estos hallazgos respaldan el uso de esta prueba como una herramienta confiable para evaluar el rendimiento perceptual-cognitivo
Open Access
Validación del marco tripartito del interés individual en la educación física superior filipina: evidencia del cuestionario de interés individual del estudiante
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Lobo, Joseph; Sin departamento asociado
This study validated the tripartite framework of individual interest in physical education in Philippine higher education using the Students’ Individual Interest in Physical Education Questionnaire. Data from 1,659 college students were analyzedusing covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) to examine the model’s factorial structure and internal consistency. Results from first-and second-order confirmatory factor analyses supported the model’s dimensional coherence, with high factor loadings, strong internal consistency and adequate convergent and discriminant validity. Standardized factor loadings ranged from 0.809 to 0.901, indicating a large effect size. Model fit indices demonstrated excellent fit (CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.991, RMSEA = 0.040, SRMR = 0.018). Findings support the applicability of the framework and suggest that the instrument may be used in similar contexts, although further validation across diverse populations is recommended
Open Access
Funcionamiento Cognitivo en Deportes Individuales vs Deportes de Conjunto
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Gómez-Rosales, Alan de Jesús; Ortiz-Jiménez, Xóchitl Angélica; Barradas-Chacón, Luis Alberto; Sin departamento asociado
Success in sports depends on physical, technical, tactical, and cognitive factors, the latter allowing athletes to attend to, process, analyze, and use information from their environment to solve problems. Each sport has different cognitive demands, which can be grouped into individual and team disciplines. The literature has shown that there are differences in executive functioning between athletes from different sports; however, these differences generally use other classifications. The objective of this study was to compare executive function between team sport athletes and individual sport athletes. Fifty 14-year-old athletes from various disciplines were evaluated using three tests from the BANFE-2. The results showed significant differences between the two groups. Team sport athletes scored higher on cognitive flexibility (t=3.40; p < 0.001; d= 0.96). In contrast, individual athletes performed better in decision-making compared to team athletes (t= -2.64; p<0.01; d= -0.74), while no significant differences in inhibitory control were identified between the two groups. The findings suggest that the type of sport practiced is associated with specific EF profiles, with team sports favoring cognitive adaptability in dynamic environments, while individual sports enhance accurate evaluation and self-control processes. These results provide evidence from the Latin American context on the relationship between sports and cognitive development
Open Access
Propiedades psicométricas de tres escalas relacionadas con la identidad de los aficionados a los equipos de fútbol
(Universidad de Murcia : servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Ceballos-Medina, Oswaldo; Morales-Sánchez, Verónica; Medina Rodríguez, Rosa Elena; Rodenas-Cuenca, LuisTomás; Morquecho-Sánchez, Raque; Sin departamento asociado
The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of three scales related to the identity of soccer team fans: involvement/importance with the team, self-expression, and attachment to the team. A quantitative, non-experimental, repeated cross-sectional, and correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 1,642 fans of the Tigres and Monterrey teams in the MX League, whose data were collected during the 2023 Clausura and Apertura tournaments. The instruments used were based on the scales proposed by Alexandris and Tsiotsou (2012), linguistically adapted to the Mexican context. The database was randomly divided into two subsamples (60/40) to evaluate the internal structure using exploratory structural equation models (ESEM) and confirmatory models (CFA). The results showed that, when analyzing the scales together, the factorial solutions presented cross-loadings and conceptual overlaps between dimensions, making it difficult to interpret them as a single integrated measure of fan identity. In contrast, when the scales were analyzed independently, a clearer and more coherent factorial structure was observedfor each instrument. Internal consistency indices were high in all cases (α between .957 and .983; ω between .964 and .989), and convergent validity was adequate according to the mean variance extracted values. However, some high correlations between factors suggest a partial conceptual delimitation between the dimensions analyzed. In conclusion, the scales of involvement/importance, self-expression, and attachment to the team show better psychometric performance when used as independent instruments to analyze different facets of the psychological relationship between fans and their soccer teams.

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