Anales de psicología Vol. 39, Nº 3 (2023)

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https://hdl.handle.net/10201/133543

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Open Access
A qualitative study on emotional labor and work-family conflictin caregivers working in nursing homes
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Andrade, Cláudia; Neves, Paula C.
Despite evidence suggesting that care work involves the performance of emotional labor an experience of work-family conflict, the relation of these two work experiences remain under-examined. The present study aims to fill this gap by exploring the experiences of performing emotional labor and work-family conflict and their links among caregivers working in nursing homes. To address the research question, we used semi-structured interviews with a sample of 24 female caregivers working full-time in nursing homes in the center and north of Portugal. The results revealed the presence of emotional labor, work-family conflict, and an im-pact of emotional labor in strain-based work-family conflict. Overall, the results suggested that emotional labor has effects on work-family conflict, pointing to the need that directors of elderly care institutions should con-sider ways of reducing these harmful effects on workers
Open Access
Trait emotional intelligence as buffer of mood of inservice and preservice teachers of preschool and elementary education during the impact of COVID-19
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Martínez Saura, Helena Fuensanta; Sánchez-López, María Cristina; Pérez-González, Juan Carlos
Background: Trait Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a personal characteristic that can act as a buffer factor against vital challenging circumstances and be a predictor of mood in a variety of natural situations such as those derived from the social context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The general aim of this research was to study the relationship between trait EI and teacher moods during confinement. Method: The study included 478 participants, 316 Preschool teachers and Elementary teachers from public centers in the Region of Murcia and 162 university students of Preschool and Elementary education degrees. The instrument used to assess trait EI was the TEIQue-SF; to assess the moods experienced during the impact of COVID-19, a short version of the POMS was used.Results: Teachers with high trait EI were perceived to be more energized and kinder, as well as less nervous, moody, sad and tired, just the opposite pattern of teachers with a low trait EI profile. In addition, female teachers obtained higher scores in negative mood states. Conclusions: Although the study is correla-tional, the results support the idea of trait EI as a protective factor against stress, which reinforces its role as a promoter of teacher well-being.
Open Access
Substance use and mental health of Brazilian truck drivers
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Junqueira, Marcelle Aparecida de Barros; Pereira, Nayline Martins; Diehl, Alessandra; Perruci, Ludmila Gonçalves; Santos, Ronildo Alves dos; Santos, Manoel Antônio dos; Pillon, Sandra Cristina; Wagstaff, Christopher
Objective: to evaluate the substance use and mental health of Brazilian truck drivers, how these impact on their driving-related behaviors.Methods: cross-sectional study conducted with 235 truck drivers in Brazil. Results: The drivers who drove after drinking were smokers, suffered assaults and experienced anxiety. Lapses in driving were associated with driving after drinking and have suffered assaults. Errors were associated with impaired sleep and being involved in accidents that had victims. Violations were greater amongst those who drove after drinking, used drugs, had anxiety and impaired sleep. Conclusion: Substance use, mental health, drowsiness and violence are interrelated for Brazilian truck drivers.
Open Access
Psychosocial risks factors and burnout in police officers : a network analysis
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Ruiz-Ruano García, Ana Mª; Blaya Sánchez, Miguel Ángel; López Morales, José Luis; Peinado Portero, Ana Isabel; Giner Alegría, César Augusto; López Puga, Jorge; Moya-Faz, Francisco J.
Work stress has been identified as a critical factor affecting mental health in police officers. Psychosocial factors increase the impact of work stress on police officers and,in the long run,contribute to the onset of burnout symptoms. In this research asample of 323 was studied to study the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and the probability of suffering burnout symptoms. The participant’s answers to the MBI-GSandF-PSICO(version4.0) were analysed by using network analysis.There sults show that psychosocial risk factors are strongly associated in network models when higher level of cynicism and emotional exhaustion are observed. Additionally, higher levels of burnout in police officers were observed when lower autonomy,higher psychological demands, role ambiguities and alower perceived social support were present. Results are discussed considering its theoretical and applied relevance to design healthier work environments an defficient psychologicalinterventions
Open Access
Interpersonal forgiveness: validation of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI-30) in a Spanish sample
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Kasprzak, Agata; Martínez-Diaz, Pilar; Molinero Caparrós, Clara; Enright, Roberth
Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of interpersonal forgiveness after a specific offense for improving the health and well-being of individuals. Despite its importance, there is an evident lack of forgiveness evaluation instruments adapted to the Spanish context. The Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI-30) is the questionnaire that implements one of themost establishedand recognized theoretical models in thearea offorgiveness. The aim of the present study is to adapt the EFI-30 for the Spanish population and evaluate its psychometric properties. Method: A sample of 426 undergraduate and graduate students (98 men, 328 women) aged from 18 to 30 years (M= 21.24; SD=2.91), completed the EFI-30 after its adaptation to the Spanishcontext, as well as the Transgression Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM-18), the Remedial Strategies Scale (RSS) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a good fit tothe original six-factor structure (CFI=.91, TLI=.90, IFI=.91, RMSEA= .067). The reliability of these subscales and the instrument was similar to the original version. The results showed adequate criteria and convergent validity. Conclusions: The EFI-30 shows adequate psychometric properties within the Spanish context and is an appropriate instrument for evaluating interpersonal forgiveness of a specific offense in research and clinical intervention.
Open Access
Social and emotional loneliness among older people living in Nursing Homes in Spain: a cross-sectional study
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Molas Tuneu, Miriam; Jerez Roig, Javier; Minobes Molina, Eduard; Coll Planas, Laura; Escribà Salvans, Anna; Farrés Godayol, Pau; Yildirim, Meltem; Rierola Fochs, Sandra; Goutan Roura, Ester; Bezerra de Souza, Dyego Leandro; Skelton, Dawn A.; Naudó Molis, Jordi
Loneliness, little studied in Nursing Homes (NHs), can affect physical and mental health. We aimed to analyze the factors associated with overall, social, and emotional loneliness in 65 residents of 5 NHs from Central Catalonia (Spain), and to verify its prevalence. The sample consisted of 81.5% women with a mean age of 84±7.13 years. The crosssectional study included older adults aged 65 or over and with preserved cognitive status. De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale was used to assess overall loneliness and itssubtypes; and sociodemographic and health-related variables were collected. The chi-square (or Fisher’s) test and logistic regression were used for bivariate and multivariate analysis respectively. Prevalence of overall loneliness was 70.7% (95%CI:58.2-81.4), social loneliness 44.6% (95% CI: 33.1-56.6) and emotional loneliness 46.2% (95% CI: 34.5–58.1). Overall loneliness was associated with lower per-ceived quality of life (Odds Ratio-OR = 5.52, 95% CI:1.25-24.38) and NHswith state subsidized places (OR =0.19, 95% CI: .05-.74); social loneliness with having 0-1 children (OR = .25, 95% CI: .08-.77), and emotional loneliness with depression (OR = 4.54, 95% CI: 1.28-16.08) and urinary incontinence (UI) (OR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.23-17.52). Loneliness was present in almost 71% of residents and was associated with type of NH and poorer quality of life, the emotional with depression and UI and the social one with having less than 2 children.
Open Access
Sexting is not always wanted: consequences on satisfaction and the role of sexual coercion and online sexual victimization
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Garrido-Macías, Marta; Herrera, Antonio; Alonso-Ferres, María; Herrera, M. Carmen
The understanding of sexting as a new form of interpersonal communication is increasing; however, little is known about whether the incidence, correlates, and outcomes of sexting vary depending on whether such behavior is done willingly or not. In this non-experimental study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence, predictors, and consequences of sexting among 310 Spanish young adults, who completed an online survey re-garding their previous experiences of wanted and unwanted sexting behav-iors, their sexual coercion and online sexual victimization experiences, and their levels of sexual and life satisfaction. The results showed that more than half and one third of the sample had been involved in wanted and unwanted sexting behaviors, respectively. Additionally, sexual coercion and online sexual victimization predicted a higher probability of engaging in unwanted sexual behaviors and, with that, a decrease of life satisfaction. Finally, having experienced more instances of sexual coercion was associated with lower life satisfaction by increasing the likelihood of suffering online sexual victimization experiences and engaging in additional unwanted sexting behaviors. Our findings show the importance of discerning between wanted and unwanted sexting and how doing so differently conditions the predictors and consequences of this phenomena.
Open Access
Early childhood intervention practitioners’ competence and confidence appraisals using recommended practices and relationship with parent involvement
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) García Ventura, Simón; Mas, Joana; Balcells Balcells, Anna; Dunst, Carl J.; Cañadas, Margarita
Parent involvement in early childhood intervention (ECI) is considered an important component of recommended ECI practices. However, how parents are involved in their child’s early intervention differs considerably between ECI practitioners. Current research indicates that practitioners’ competence and confidence appraisals influence the use of ECI practices. The purposes of this study were to (1) adapt and validate the Early Childhood Intervention Practitioner Competence and Confidence Scale for use in Spain, (2) examine the psychometric properties of the scale, (3) compare practitioners’ beliefs about their competence and confidence in using recommended ECI practices, and (4) evaluate the relationship between belief appraisals and practitioners’ judgmentsof parent involvement in ECI. The sample included 130 Spanish ECI practitioners. The results indicated that the scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring practitioners’ competence and confidence in using six ECI recommended practices in Spain. Practitioners’ appraisals of competence and confidence, however, differed across the recommended practices. Significant positive correlations were found between the practitioners’ appraisals of competence and confidence and their judgments of parent in-volvement. These results show that a strong sense of competence and confidence in using different kinds of ECI-recommended practices is related to increased parent involvement in active child participation in learning and development in everyday activities.Research and practical implications are discussed.
Open Access
Is it quality, is it redundancy, or is model inadequacy? Some strategies for judging the appropriateness of high discrimination items
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Ferrando, Pere J.; Morales-Vives, Fabia
When developing new questionnaires, it is traditionally assumed that the items should be as discriminative as possible, as if this was always indicative of their quality. However, in some cases these high discriminations may be masking some problems such as redundancies, shared residuals, biased distributions, or model limitations which may contribute to inflate the discrimination estimates. Therefore, the inspection of these indices may lead to erroneous decisions about which items to keep or eliminate. Toillustrate this problem, two different scenarios with real data are described. The first focuses on a questionnaire that contains an item apparently highly discriminant, but redundant. The second focuses on a clinical questionnaire administered to a community sample, which gives place to highly right-skewed item response distributions and inflated discriminant indices, despite the items do not discriminate well among the majority of participants. We propose some strategies and checks to identify these situations, so that the items that are inappropriate may be identified and removed. Therefore, this article seeks to promote a critical attitude, which may involve going against routine stablished principles when they are not appropriate
Open Access
Non-suicidal self-injury in young adults with and without borderline personality disorder: the role of emotion dysregulation and negative urgency
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Schmidt, Carlos; Briones-Buixassa, Laia; Nicolaou, Stella; Soler, Joaquim; Pascual, Juan C.; Vega, Daniel
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as self-inflicted pain, and it is used as a mechanism to alleviate psychological distress. Although NSSI is prevalent in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), it is also an increasing concern among college student populations. While emotion dysregulation and negative urgency are associated with NSSI, little is known about which dimensions specifically predict the motivations (NSSI-functions) and frequency of self-harm. The current study explored the relationship between emotion dysregulation, negative urgency, and NSSI in 86 young adults, divided into three groups: college students with NSSI, BPD patients with NSSI, and a healthy control group without NSSI. We conducted multiple regression analyses to predicted NSSI-functions and NSSI-frequency. Non-acceptance of emotions, a specific dimension of emotion dysregulation, uniquely predicted intrapersonal NSSI-functions (e.g., regulating distressing emotions), but not interpersonal NSSI-functions (e.g., communicating distress). Lastly, poor emotion regulation strategies predicted NSSI-frequency only in individuals with high negative urgency, that is, individuals who tend to act impulsively when experiencing negative emotions, but not in those with low negative urgency. Findings shed light on the underlying motivations for engaging in self-injury, and they reveal facets of emotion dysregulation relevant for NSSI treatment.
Open Access
A thematic study of creativity research in Spain within the social sciences and psychology
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) De-Marchis, Giorgio P.; Shchebetenko, Sergei
Creativity is becoming one necessary human skill in a world where robots increasingly outperform people in daily routines. In order to efficiently develop creativity as a research field, scholars need to know where they are. We employed a bibliometric approach to study themes and characteristics of creativity research in Spain.The results indicated that publication production in the field has been growing during the last decades. Compared to psychology, creativity in the social sciences seemed to be an undercited, local,and endogamic area. For social sciences, motor themes in the last decade were a) creativity in children and students in the educational environment, b) innovation and knowledge creation in a work-ing environment, and c) cities and creativity. The motor themes in psychology were a) individual characteristics for generating insights (e.g., skills, improvisation, executive functions) and b) emotional intelligence. We suggest some themes for future research, such as creative collaboration in virtual environments, value co-creation, and how machines can help humans boost their creativity
Open Access
Rasch analysis of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with major depression
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Xiao-Jie, Huang; Hai-Yan, Ma; Xue-Mei, Wang; Jing, Zhong; Yu-Qi, Chen; Ming-Zhi, Xu
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a widely used screening tool for depression and anxiety in patients with medical illnesses. This study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the HADS in screening for patients with major depression using item response theory method.A total of 460 patients with major depression completed the HADS. Rasch analyses were used to examine unidimensionality, item fit, local dependency, reliability, ordering of categories, differential item functioning (DIF)and targeting. The HADS showed a two-dimensional construct.All items fit the Rasch model.Three pairs of items showed minor but inconsiderate local dependency. Both subscales had acceptable reliability.None of the items displayed disordered categoriesor DIF.All items werewelltargeted, and participants with high and low levels of distress were less targeted than those with moderate levels of distress.Finally, a conversion table to transform the raw scores into interval measures was generated. The HADS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in assessing depression and anxiety in patients with major depression. It was more appropriate for assessing moderate than high or low levels of distress.The conversion table can be used for more precise measurement.These results may pave the way for efficient and sensitive methods of ana-lyzing depression symptom response in research and in clinical practice.
Open Access
Bullying and cyberbullying, what do they have in common and what not?A latent class analysis
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Carmona Rojas, Manuel; Ortega Ruiz, Rosario; Romera, Eva M.
Bullying and cyberbullying are risky behaviours which normally occur during adolescence. Although an important relationship has been recognized between the two phenomena, issues related to their prevalence, the similarity and difference between them, the transfer of roles, as well as the emotional, social, and moral aspects associated with them, remain unresolved. The aim of this study was to explore the roles ofinvolvement in bullying and cyberbullying through an analysis of latent classes, and examine their association with moral disengagement, social and normative adjustment, and anger rumination. The study had a two-stage longitudinal design, with 3,006 secondary school students (Mage= 13.53; 51.9% girls), using extensively validated self-reports in the reference population. The results showed four latent classes: uninvolved, victim-cybervictim, bully victim and wholly involved. Logistic regression analyses identified a low social adjustment in those wholly involved, low normative adjustment and high moral disengagement in mixed profiles, and high anger rumination in all involvement profiles, mainly in bully-victim. These results are discussed in terms of their value in understanding the distinctions between bullying and cyberbullying, the existence of pure and mixed roles, and the associated emotional, social, and moral variables
Open Access
Quality of life in adolescents. A longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Morales-Ortiz, Javier; Muñoz-Martínez, Sandra; Martínez-Sánchez, Ainhoa; López-García, Juan José
Several studies have reported that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents has decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, HRQoL was analyzed in young people aged 13 to 17 years after the end of the pandemic. For this purpose, we followed up at three different points in time: before the pandemic (2019), during (2021) and after the pandemic restrictions (2022).A time-lag design in three phases was used, with a total of 2027 adolescents completing the Kidscreen-10 HRQoL questionnaire. ANOVA and logistic regression models were used to analyze the influence of gender, playing sports and mental health treatment.The results obtained showed a worsening of HRQoL in 2021, when young people returned to school on a blended learning basis.This worsen-ing occurred regardless of gender. In 2022, once all restrictions were removed, boys recovered health-related quality of life to pre-pandemic levels, but this did not occur in girls. The same happened with young people in mental health treatment. In all cases, doing sports was shown to be a protective factor for HRQo
Open Access
Paternal and maternal socialization perception on adolescent resilience
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Axpe, Inge; Fernández Zabala, Arantza; Goñi, Eider; Ramos Díaz, Estibaliz
Parent-child relations are a key aspect in adolescent development, since feelings of parental acceptance or rejection have been found to be associated with teenagers’ psychological adjustment. Resilience, usually conceptualised as the ability to manage or adapt to challenges and adversity, is a fundamental factor in adjustment during adolescence, a period characterised by numerous simultaneous changes and challenges in different aspects of life. The aim of the present study is therefore to analyse the predictive capacity of different dimensions of parental socialisation (affection-communication and criticism-rejection) on adolescent resilience. Meth-od:Participants were 899 adolescents (50.4% female), aged 12 to 19 years (M= 14.68; SD= 1.73). Linear regressions were performed to analyse the predictive capacity of the different dimensions of parental socialisation on adolescent resilience. Results:Paternal dimensions, especially paternal criticism-rejection, were revealed as relevant factors for predicting resilience scores. Discussion:The results point to the important impact of the criticism-rejection felt by adolescents, especially if perceived from the father. Different possible interpretations of these dimensions are discussed, in accordance with whether they are perceived from the mother or the father
Open Access
Which is the optimum parenting for adolescents with low vs. high self-efficacy? Self-concept, psychological maladjustmentand academic performance of adolescents in the Spanish context
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Reyes, María; García, Oscar F.; Pérez Gramaje, A. Fernando; Serra, Emilia; Meléndez, Juan C.; Alcaide, Marta; García, Fernando
The aim of this paper is to establish which parenting style is associated with optimum outcomes among adolescents of Spanish families considering adolescents with low vs. high self-efficacy. Although classical studies identify the authoritative parenting style (based on warmth and strictness) as the best parental strategy, emerging research seriously questions the benefits of parental strictness. Additionally, the impact of parent-ing on the adolescent’s psychosocial competence has been studied for years, but less is known about whether it might vary depending on individual characteristics of the adolescent (e.g., self-efficacy). Participants were 1029 Spanish adolescents, 453 males (44%), aged 12-17 years. Families were classified in one of the parenting styles groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful), and adolescents were grouped by low vs. high self-efficacy. Adolescent psychosocial competence was examined through emotional and academic self-concept, psychological maladjustment (hostility/aggression, negative self-esteem, emotional responsivity, instability, and negative view of the world), and academic performance (grade point average and number of failing grades). Main and interaction effects of parenting style and adolescent self-efficacy were tested. Main effect results indicated that adolescents with low self-efficacy were always as-sociated with the worst psychosocial competence. Consistently, the main effect findings indicated that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families were associated with better results than those from neglectful and authoritarian families. However, the indulgent parenting style yielded the best results. The impact of parenting might not be the same for adolescents in all cultural contexts. Contrary to findings from classical studies, parental strictness seems to be unnecessary or even detrimental for adolescents with low and high self-efficacy.
Open Access
Spanish version of the Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS) for adults
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Fernández-Rubio, Carlos; Martínez-Cervantes, Rafael; Senín-Calderón, Cristina; Rodríguez-Testal, Juan F.
Background:Although there are other tools in the Spanish language for assessing metacognition, there is no other that is as quick, simple and multidimensional as the Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS). Objectives:Adapt and validate the MSAS to Spanish. Method:The sample consisted of 973 volunteers, 68.3% women and mean age of 27.9 years (SD= 12.68). Results:The internal consistency of the Spanish adaptation was generally adequate with a total α = .830, and from α = .658 to .826 for the factors. The original four-factor structure (Self-Reflexivity, Critical Distance, Mastery and Understanding Other Minds) showed adequate fit indices. The evidence of concurrent criterion validity indices was not as expected. Indications of discriminant validity were the low Self-Reflexivity scores of participants with a psychopathological history (d = .222) or psychological treatment (d = .326); in Mastery by those under psychological treatment (d = .345) or medication (d = .482), and in Critical distance for medication (d = .419). Conclusion:The Spanish adaptation and validation of the MSAS seems adequate for assessing metacognition and its subcomponents in the general population, opening a wide field of clinical and research applications.
Open Access
Effects of early reading and writing intervention on Spanish school children
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) González Valenzuela, María José; Martín Ruiz, Isaías
The aim of this paper is to analyse the reading and writing achievement of Spanish school children following an intervention conducted at an early age. The purpose of the intervention is to prioritise and systematise instruction in the alphabetic principles, phonological awareness, reading fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension. The sample consists of 126 subjects, distributed between an instructed group(n=62) and an uninstructed group (n=64). All the subjects were from average socio-cultural areas, with normal intelligence and with no physical, mental, and/or sensory deficits. Subjects were evaluated from the second year of Early Years Education (4 years of age) up to the first year of Primary Education (six years of age). The design was longitudinal with repeated measurements (four assessments), three intervention phases, two study variables (reading achievement and writing achievement), and two groups of subjects. Descriptive statistical analysis and repeated measures analyses of variance were performed. The results obtained indicate higher scores in reading and writing throughout all the assessments and significantly greater progress in the instructed group. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of early intervention in written language through systematic instruction in phonological awareness, the alphabetic principles, reading fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension

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