Anales de psicología Vol. 32, Nº 3 (2016)

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Open Access
Overview of research on teacher self-efficacy in social cognitive perspective
(Universidad de Murcia, 2016) De Oliveira Fernandez, Ana Patricia; Holanda Ramos, Maély Ferreira; Costa e Silva, Simone Souza; Furtado Nina, Karla Cristina; Ramos Pontes, Fernando Augusto
El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un panorama de las pesquisas existentes sobre autoeficacia docente. Para tanto, se buscaron artículos en la base de datos de la CAPES y SCIELO periódicos llevado a cabo desde 2009 hasta 2013. Esto resultó en 26 artículos que contemplaban los criterios de inclusión antes establecidos. Los resultados indican que en el análisis de frecuencia de palabras se destacaron los siguientes termos: autoeficacia docente, satisfacción laboral y rendimiento de alumnos. La autoeficacia es influenciada por factores como agotamiento emocional, despersonalización, satisfacción laboral, relación con los padres, uso de la violencia, presión del tiempo, rendimiento académico, manejo de clase, eficacia colectiva entre otros. Tales resultados contribuyen enseñando el sentido de las pesquisas hechas en el área, indicando algunas tendencias y evidenciando lagunas por investigar, por ejemplo, más estudios que verifiquen la relación entre autoeficacia y rendimiento académico, y además, autoeficacia docente y políticas públicas que favorezcan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Open Access
Identification of Verbal and Mathematical Talent:The Relevance of „Out of Level‟ Measurement
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Tourón, Javier; Tourón, Marta
This study has two main objectives. First one to carry out a conceptual review of the literature together with the work done in Spain by the authors about the identification model known in the international literature as Talent Search model or concept. This model created by J. C. Stanley in the early 70s has led to a huge development in the identification of verbal and mathematical talent of young people, in order to provide the appropriate educational provision their ability needs. Far from being an American model, in this paper we show, and this is the second objective, through data from several years of implementation of the model in Spain, that it can be considered a universal model, based among others in the principle of above or out of levelmeasurement. Using this above level measurement,we can adequately discriminate the diverse ability of the students tested, that when measured alone with in level testing, is masked due to lack difficulty and discrimination of the tests used. Some suggestions for large-scale use of these procedures in schools are provided.
Open Access
Comportamientos del profesor universitario y éxito académico de los estudiantes de los grados de maestro de infantil y primaria
(Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Gil-Madrona, Pedro; García-Gomez-Heras, Soledad; Hernandez-Barrera, Valentin; López-de Andres, Ana; López-Gómes, Laura
Es inquietante la idea de pensar que el profesor puede conseguir que un alumno alcance grandes éxitos o que, por el contrario se hunda aca- démicamente. Es por ello por lo que se hace necesario explorar los comportamientos de los profesionales de la enseñanza en la Educación superior, desde el punto de vista del alumno, para conocer cuáles son los que ellos consideran que repercutirán de forma positiva en su éxito académico. Para ello se contó con una muestra de 486 alumnos, pertenecientes a los grados de Maestros de Educación Infantil (199) y Educación Primaria (287) en la Facultad de Educación de Albacete (Universidad de Castilla la Man- cha). Se aplicó un cuestionario (Tuncel, 2009) y mediante un Análisis Factorial exploratorio, aparecieron seis dimensiones a las cuales los alumnos le otor- garon la mayor importancia, siendo estas: “Aptitud emocional de los profe- sores”; “Interacción profesor-alumno”; “Lograr y conseguir los objetivos de la enseñanza”, “Conexión durante la instrucción de la teoría con las practicas”; “Planificación y organización de la docencia”; “Corregir y pro- porcionar informaciones a los alumnos de sus avances y progresos”.
Open Access
EPTS Curriculum Model in the Education of Gifted Students
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Sak, Ugur
n this article, the author reviews the EPTS Model (Education Programs for Talented Students) and discuss how it was developed through multiple stages, the ways it is used to develop programs for gifted students, and then presents research carried out on the effectiveness of this model in the education of gifted students. The EPTS Model has two dimensions: ability and content. The ability dimension has a hierarchical structure composed of three levels of cognitive skills. The content dimension is the extension of the regular curriculum but organized at four levels: data, concept, generalization and theory. Included in the article also is a brief critics of the current state of curricular programs in gifted education.
Open Access
Motivational Orientations of High-Achieving Students as Mediators of a Positive Percep-tion of a High-Achieving Classmate: Results from a Cross-national Study
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Oh, Hyerim; Badia Martín, Maria del Mar; Blumen, Sheyla; Maakrun, Julie; Nguyena, Quoc An-Thu; Stack, Niamh; Sutherland, Margaret; Wormald, Catherine; Ziegler, Albert
The purpose of this study was to explore whether and in what ways high-achieving school students’ motivational orientations influence their perceptions of a fictitious future high-achieving classmate. The final sample consisted of the 396 highest achieving students out of a sample from 1794 seventh and tenth graders from five countries: Australia, Peru, South Korea, Spain, and Vietnam. A series of stepwise regression models were used to test the hypothesis that positive perceptions of a high-achieving classmate might be mediated by an approach motivation, but not by an avoidance motivational orientation. The hypothesis was generally confirmed. Learning goal orientation and performance approach motiva-tion predicted positive perceptions of a high-achieving classmate’s intellec-tual ability, social qualities and popularity among peers, whereas a performance avoidance orientation was usually uncorrelated. However, sporadic exceptions have been found among the participants from Vietnam, South Korea, and Peru.
Open Access
Conductas disruptivas desde la óptica del docente: validación de una escala
(Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Álvarez Hernández, María; Castro-Pañeda, Pilar; González-González de Mesa, Carmen; Álvarez Martino, Eva; Campo Mon, Marián Ángel
En los últimos años han aumentado significativamente las difi- cultades para impartir clases, debido a lo que se conoce como disrupción en el aula. Prueba de ello son las numerosas publicaciones recientes en torno al tema, así como la frecuencia con la que dicha cuestión aparece en los medios de comunicación. El objetivo principal de esta investigación consiste en validar una escala con el propósito de conocer objetivamente la opinión de los profesionales de la educación sobre las conductas disrupti- vas en el aula. Teniendo en cuenta literatura previa y utilizando un panel de expertos, se desarrolló una nueva escala de 15 ítems. Se aplicó a una mues- tra de 346 profesionales, con una media de edad de 43 años. Se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio, un análisis de componen- tes principales y un análisis de correlaciones entre factores. Dichos análisis han permitido comprobar que la estructura factorial de las escalas converge con los factores previstos y reafirma su peso y nivel de confianza. Todo ello permite concluir que la escala es válida para medir la óptica del profe- sorado respecto a la cuestión objeto de estudio. Los datos indican un óp- timo ajuste de la estructura tridimensional para los ítems de la escala.
Open Access
Mindfulness Integrative Model (MIM): Cultivating positive states of mind towards oneself and the others through mindfulness and self-compassion
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Rodríguez-Carvajal, Raquel; García-Rubio, Carlos; Paniagua, David; García-Diex, Gustavo; de Rivas, Sara
There are more and more studies showing the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) in well-being. However, thereare few studies that explore the mechanisms underlying this effect. The aim of this study is to present and validate the Integrative Model of Mindfulness (MIM). MIM main hypothesis is that mindfulness practice leads to an in-crement in mindfulness trait, which leads to an increase of self-compassion, and these in turn, lead to increase positive mental states to-wards others and oneself. A MBI intensive three-week with non-randomized controlled group was designed. Participants (N = 87) were differentiated by meditation experience as well. The results show large effect sizes regarding the effect of MBI on mindfulness trait, self-compassion and positive mental states to oneself and to others. The data support the MIM, indicating that the practice of mindfulness meditation leads in a sequentially way to the cultivation of mindfulness and self-compassion, which subsequently appears to lead to the development of positive mental states towards others and oneself.
Open Access
Affective Assessment of High and Low-Density Residential and Functional Environments
(Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Tomás, Rafael; Amérigo, María; Aragones, Juan Ignacio
El presente trabajo contrasta ambientes residenciales versus funcionales de alta y baja densidad a través de la valoración del agrado y la activación que dichos ambientes elicitan. Así mismo se exploran las relacio- nes entre estas dimensiones afectivas y una medida de bienestar emocional y rasgos de personalidad. 238 estudiantes universitarios valoraron el nivel de agrado y activación elicitado por una serie de imágenes que representa- ban ambientes residenciales y funcionales de alta y baja densidad. Los resul- tados ponen de manifiesto que, independientemente de la densidad, los ambientes residenciales generan sentimientos más agradables que los espa- cios funcionales; no obstante, y en relación con la activación, los sentimien- tos generados por ambientes residenciales y funcionales, varían en función de la densidad. Se concluye que los ambientes residenciales se constituyen en entornos más adaptativos en términos de bienestar emocional.
Open Access
Inventory of Distorted Thoughts about Women and the Use of Violence-Revised (IPDMUV-R): Psychometric properties
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Echeburúa, Enrique; Amor, Pedro J.; Sarasua, Belén; Zubizarreta, Irene; Holgado-Tello, Francisco Pablo
Men who batter are often affected by cognitive distortions relat-ed to gender roles and the legitimization of violence as a valid way to solve conflicts. The objectives of this research were: to analyze the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Distorted Thoughts about Women and theUse of Violence-Revised (IPDMUV-R), to delete non-updated items and to compare the predictive ability of the revised version (IPDMUV-R) with other measures of the nomological network. The sample consisted of 463 men (241 batterer men and 222 men of the normative population), with a mean age of 41.22 years (SD=11.34). The results showed acceptable fit in-dices for a unidimensional structure of IPDMUV-R (new version of 21 items) with an alpha of .74 (higher than the original version of 29 items). The score ofIPDMUV-R showed statistically significant correlations with self-reports which measure social desirability and ambivalent sexism. When analyzing the cutoff points to differentiate between batterer men and the normative group, the IPDMUV-R had a higher discriminative ability compared to IPDMUV and hostile and benevolent sexism dimensions. To conclude, an instrument with adequate psychometric properties to detect cognitive biases in violent men against the partner is presented. This instrument is useful for clinical purposes.
Open Access
The power of extraverts: Testing positive and negative mood regulation
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Hervas, Gonzalo; López-Gómez, Irene
Extraversion is a personality trait which has been systematically related to positive affect and well-being. One of the mechanisms that may account for these positive outcomes is the ability to regulate the responses to positive, as well as negative, moods. Prior research has found that extra-verts’ higher positive mood maintenance could explain their higher levels of positive affect. However, research exploring differences between extraverts and introverts in negative mood regulation has yielded mixed results. The aim of the current study was explore the role of different facets of mood regulation displayed by extraverts, ambiverts, and introverts. After been exposed to a sad vs. happy mood induction, participants underwent a mood regulation task. Extraverts and ambiverts exhibited higher positive mood regulation than introverts, but similar mood repair. Thus, this re-search highlights the importance of positive mood regulation in the psychological functioning of extraverts, and opens new conceptualizations for developing interventions for introverts to improve their positive mood regulation and, hence, overall positive affect and well-being
Open Access
“Good things never last”: Dampening positive emotions influences our optimism levels
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Etchemendy, Ernestina; Herrero, Rocío; Espinoza, Macarena; Molinari, Guadalupe; Corno, Giulia; Carrillo-Vega, Alba; Botella, Cristina; Baños, Rosa
Despite the increasing interest in understanding positive emotion regulation (ER)strategies and their relation with mental health, the relationship between responses to positive affect and cognitive styles such as optimism has yet to be tested empirically. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to empirically assess whether the effect of positive ER strategies (tested by the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire -RPA) on optimism could be mediated by positive mood. Two hundred and fifty participants completed RPA questionnaire, measures of optimism and positive affect and received a positive mood induction (PMI) through Internet. Results show that induced positive mood did not mediate the relation between ER strategies and optimism levels. Nevertheless, dampening strategy was the only ER strategy that predicted the post-induction optimism level. Our findings point out the necessity of further studies in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in the emotional regulation and optimismo.
Open Access
Shared flow and positive collective gatherings
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Zumeta, Larraitz; Basabe, Nekane; Wlodarczyk, Anna; Bobowik, Magdalena; Páez, Darío
Collective gatherings or rituals promote optimal experiences in socially acceptable circumstances. Few studies have empirically examined the experience of flow shared by a group in collective situations. The present research examined the multidimensional structure of shared flow experience and its role in explaining positive effects of participation in collective ritualized gatherings on personal wellbeing and social cohesion. In this longitudinal study (N = 550) participants of a local festival celebrated in San Sebastian (Tamborrada) responded to an online questionnaire at three different times. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a structure composed of nine first-order factors and one second-order factor with a 27-item version of the scale.Further, structural equation modeling analyses controlling for the preevent scores showed indirect effects of participation in Tamborrada through shared flow on happiness, collective efficacy, identity fusion, and social integration. This research concludes that positive collective gatherings stimulate shared flow experiences and thus promote personal wellbeing and social cohesion. We discuss both the implications of these results and the utility of the Shared Flow Scalein positive psychology research.
Open Access
Promoting resilience in children with depressive symptoms
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Sánchez-Hernández, Óscar; Méndez Carrillo, Francisco X.; Garber, Judy
A pilot study was conducted with the primary objective to study the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral intervention inspired by the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP; Gillham, Jaycox, Reivich, Seligman, & Sil-ver, 1990;Seligman, Reivich, Jaycox, & Gillham, 2005), for the prevention of depression in students from primary education. The main components of the program include modifying explanatory style and resolving interpersonal problems. Results indicated that there wassignificant improvement from pretest to posttest in the experimental group for children with "high depressive symptoms" compared with controls. Qualitative analysis were consistent with this trend. Conclusions in light of these results are discussed andpotential directions for future research are recommended.
Open Access
Contribuciones de la Medicina Psicosomática a la Medicina Clínica y Preventiva
(Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Berrocal, Carmen; Fava, Giovanni A.; Sonino, Nicoletta
El trabajo ofrece una revisión actualizada de las principales con- tribuciones de la Medicina Psicosomática a la medicina clínica y preventiva. Su contenido se basa en los resultados de revisiones sistemáticas, meta- análisis y estudios controlados. La evidencia acumulada indica que la pers- pectiva psicosomática podría contribuir significativamente a mejorar los re- sultados de la atención sanitaria, mediante una práctica clínica holística, la evaluación de los factores psicosociales implicados en la vulnerabilidad in- dividual y la integración de intervenciones psicológicas en medicina. Dicha evidencia constituye el terreno ideal para afrontar necesidades emergentes en sanidad, como la gestión de enfermedades crónicas y de síntomas inex- plicables, el paciente como productor activo de salud, la prevención tem- prana y una valoración de resultados que supere el reduccionismo biomédi- co.
Open Access
La comprensión simbólica temprana de una imagen digital como medio de comunicación y fuente de información
(Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Jauck, Daniela; Peralta, Olga
Gráficos, fotografías, imágenes digitales, están muy presentes en la vida de los niños desde muy temprano cumpliendo una diversidad de funciones. En esta investigación exploramos la comprensión simbólica de una imagen digital provista por una Tablet como medio de comunicación y como fuente de información por parte de niños de 24 meses. Utilizamos dos tareas, en la primera los niños debían indicar en la imagen el lugar don- de habían visto al experimentador esconder un objeto en una habitación pequeña. En la segunda, los niños debían buscar un objeto en la habitación guiados por una imagen en la que se les señalaba el escondite. Encontramos que los niños utilizaron la imagen como fuente de información para guiar la búsqueda, pero no como medio de comunicación para indicar a otro el es- condite. Sin embargo, tras una experiencia breve en la utilización de la ima- gen como fuente de información, lograron utilizarla como medio de comu- nicación. Los resultados muestran que para los niños pequeños el empleo de la imagen de una Tablet como fuente de información no solo es más sencillo, sino que tiene efectos facilitadores en su empleo como medio de comunicación.
Open Access
Challenges in the identification of giftedness: Issues related to psychological assessment
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Almeida, Leandro S.; Araújo, Alexandra M. Araújo; Sainz-Gómez, Marta Sainz-Gómez; Prieto, Maria Dolores
This paper discusses issues related to the assessment of children and youth for the identification of giftedness, and presents specific rec-ommendations for educational measures in order to attend to the particular characteristics and needs of these students. We outline the most common difficulties relatedto the psychological assessment of these children, in-cluding the lack of adequate instruments for the assessment of the multiple dimensions of giftedness, as well as the shortage of training for this identi-fication. Regarding these difficulties, we describe some assessment procedures that assure higher levels of objectivity and validity in data, reducing the possibil-ity of false positives and false negatives in the identification of these stu-dents. In addition to psychological tests, we present the advantages of using multiple informants and the contribution of different professionals and parents for this assessment. On the other hand, as we present giftedness as a result of a developmental process, it is important to conduct students’ assessment in phases, including an initial screening phase, followed by the sound assessment of students and nurturing. Finally, we present some sug-gestions for the advancement in giftedness identification and assessment, as a means to support the development of research in this area.
Open Access
What Are People Saying When They Report They Are Happy Or Life Satisfied
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Baptista, Americo; Camilo, Cristina; Becalli, Marta; Santos, Isabel; de Almeida Brites, Jose; Rosa, Joana Brites; Fernández-Abascal, Enrique G.
The study of happiness was dominated with the model of sub-jective well-being. With the advent of positive psychology the eudaimonic and hedonic models entered the field, but major surveys continue to use single-item measures of life satisfaction or happiness. We study the associa-tions between life satisfaction and happiness, measured single-items with a graphic representation of a ladder and a thermometer, and three models of happiness: the subjective well-being,the eudaimonic and hedonic. The re-sults showed that subjective well-being was the main predictor of life satisfaction and hedonic model also predicted a small amount of this variable. For happiness the predictors were the same but in reversed order, the main predictor was the hedonic model and a small variance was explained by subjective well-being. Contrary to our hypothesis the eudaimonic perspec-tive of happiness was not a predictor in none of the models. These results underline the importance of the interaction between a cognitive or apprais-al perspective and the hedonic perspectives for the study of happiness.
Open Access
La Influencia del Número de Objetos y las Claves Verbales en la Distinción Temprana del Plural
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Pérez-Paz, Verónica I.; Arias-Trejo, Natalia; Alva, Elda Alicia
El lenguaje permite explorar el mundo y expresar lo que se conoce de él. En el caso del número gramatical, poder asociar claves verbales de singular o plural con uno o más objetos permite a los niños tanto inferir significado como discriminar, anticipar y rastrear referentes. La comprensión temprana del plural está supeditada a las claves verbales proporcionadas; mientras que la producción, al número de ejemplares de un conjunto. No obstante, se desconoce la interrelación que guardan ambos factores en la comprensión temprana del plural en una lengua morfológicamente rica como el español. Así, el objetivo del presente trabajo es explorar si el número de claves verbales influye en la habilidad de niños de 24 meses de edad, aprendices del español, para distinguir el plural compuesto por un conjunto pequeño de objetos (2 versus1). Se realizaron dos experimentos utilizando el Paradigma Intermodal de Atención Preferencial. Se evaluó si los niños asociaban claves verbales múltiples (E1) y claves en la terminación del sustantivo (E2) indicativas de plural a un conjunto de dos objetos. Los niños asociaron las claves múltiples de pluralidad, pero no la terminación del sustantivo, al conjunto de dos objetos. Los resultados sugieren cierto nivel de dificultad en la comprensión temprana del plural cuando un conjunto está integrado por dos objetos; no obstante, se confirma la capacidad de los niños para extraer información de marcos sintácticos enriquecidos.
Open Access
Positive Psychology in Spain: A portrait of a vigorous field of research
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Hervas, Gonzalo Hervas
Positive Psychology has been alive for almost two decades and it is a good moment to take stock and, most importantly, present a set of studies that allow us to identify trends, interests, methodologies andresultsthat are being generated within our borders.This monograph is thus an invitation to the reader, either researcher or professional, to explore this territoryand use this asa starting point for furtherinvestigation in the Positive Psychology literature.
Open Access
New Horizons in the study of High Ability: Gifted and talented
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Prieto, María Dolores; Ferrando, Mercedes
The following piece of work serve as introduction to the mono-graphic issue about giftedness and talented in theAnnals of Psychology Journal. In it, the reasons to tackle this monographic are explained, and the contributions of authors are summarized. such contributions are diverse and swing from the identification process using different procedures, the assessmentof domain specific creativity in sciences, the study of the heter-ogeneity within the group of high ability students, the educational measures available, and lastly and study about these students' academic motivations. The work concludes extracting some general conclusions about what this monographic has contribute and it's meaning.