Revista de Contabilidad - Spanish Accounting Review 2022, V. 25 N. 2

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Scientific progress of fiscal transparency research at national governments level
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Silva Diniz Leroy, Rodrigo; Sáez-Martín, Alejandro; Caba-Pérez, María del Carmen; Cabral de Ávila, Lucimar Antônio
This paper analyzes the scientific progress of research on fiscal transparency of national governments over the past 20 years. We explored the inherent and content characteristics of the papers, through a scientometric analysis, and investigated the role of externalities in the general progress and impact of the research. The number of impactful papers published on this topic can be considered low and we noted the predominance quantitative studies using external database, predominantly written by American and Spanish authors. About the role of language on the topic, English-speaking authors published earlier and have the most impactful papers. Also, the increase of papers is correlated with the regulations of Freedom of Information worldwide, although a low number of papers have specifically analyzed these acts. Finally, the rise of Open Budget Index data increased the number of papers published, though with less scientific impact. Considering the relevance of the topic, we propose future research niches to the literature on fiscal transparency, with different research types and alternative approaches, such as using primary data collection, qualitative and critical methodologies, in-depth case studies on the internal situation of unexplored countries, and studies focused on developing countries, mainly from Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Open Access
The influence that collective bargaining represents on companies listed on the Colombian Stock Exchange : an empirical analysis
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Sabater Marcos, Ana M.; González-Cortés, Luz D.; Duarte Atoche, Teresa
Despite the conventional coverage of trade unions and the different strategies and agreements that private sector organisations have used to lessen trade union power and collective bargaining, collective bargaining has had an impact on stock markets in Colombia. The aim of this paper is analyse if the signing of a firm level collective agreement has informative content for the investors of Colombian Stock Market.The results show that the signing of an agreement is interpreted as bad news in those companies with greater union strength, on the other hand, the market reacts positively in those companies where the union loses power
Open Access
El origen de ingresos del auditor y calidad de la auditoría : el caso español
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Serrano-Madrid, José; Bustos-Contell, Elisabeth; Porcuna-Enguix, Luis; Labatut-Serer, Gregorio
Estudios previos señalan la existencia de una relación entre la especialización del auditor y la calidad de la auditoría. A partir de esta idea, cuanto más importante sea la actividad de auditoría en el total del negocio de la firma auditora y mayor especialización exista en dicha actividad, el auditor firmante adoptará una postura más conservadora en la emisión de su informe. Utilizando la materialidad cuantitativa como subrogado de la calidad, se examina el efecto que los honorarios por otros servicios distintos a los de auditoría y el peso de los socios firmantes en la firma tienen sobre la cifra de materialidad. Partiendo de la materialidad real utilizada en cada uno de los encargos como medida de calidad de la auditoría y a través de una muestra de 995 clientes-año de compañías españolas no cotizadas, se concluye que una mayor dedicación a trabajos distintos a los de auditoría lleva al auditor a aplicar unas cifras de materialidad más altas. Los resultados también muestran que las firmas de auditoría usan materialidades más altas cuando los socios firmantes de la firma de auditoría ganan representación, reforzando la idea de un risky shift. Los hallazgos de este estudio son consistentes con la corriente de estudios que afirma que existen otros factores además de los cuantitativos que afectan a la fijación de la cifra de materialidad. Este trabajo contribuye a esta corriente mediante datos de archivo que reflejan el comportamiento del auditor durante la determinación de la cifra de materialidad cuantitativa y sus implicaciones en la divulgación de información financiera.
Open Access
Internet related technologies in the auditing profession : a WOS bibliometric review of the past three decades and conceptual structure mapping
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Mugwira, Tatenda
Research on Internet-Related Technologies in the auditing profession has grown substantially over the past three decades; however, it is very fragmented. This study seeks to synthesize and provide a comprehensive overview of the literature. Using bibliometric techniques and content analysis, this study provides an exhaustive overview of the research on Internet-Related Technologies in the auditing profession. The study utilized bibliography from the Web of Science database spanning for three decades from 1990 to 2019. A total of 236 academic documents, written by 478 authors from 102 sources was retrieved and used for the analysis. HistCite and Biblioshiny in R were used to run the citation and network analysis. Influential journals, institutions, trending articles and important network collaborations were identified. Bibliographical coupling in a data visualization software (VOSviewer) and content analysis in Excel were used to identify the following six major research streams: (1) the use of big data analytics in the auditing profession, (2) impact of Internet Related Technologies on continuous auditing, (3) impacts of Internet Related Technologies on audit quality and efficiency (4) impact of Internet Related Technologies on fraud detection and risk assessment (5) blockchain and the auditing profession (6) cloud auditing and audit support systems. Potential important research avenues and practical implications of the research were also provided.
Open Access
Foreign versus local control of Spanish private subsidiaries and modified audit opinions
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Gill-de-Albornoz, Belén; Rusanescu, Simona
This paper studies the relation between foreign control and the likelihood of receiving modified audit opinions (MAOs) by private subsidiaries. To further analyze this relation, we partition MAOs based on their underlying reason: GAAP violations; opacity; and uncertainties, including going concern (GCUs) and other (non-GCUs). We observe a significantly greater incidence of MAOs in subsidiaries owned by foreign groups than in those with a local parent company. This result is mainly driven by opacity related MAOs. The evidence of a higher incidence of GAAP violation and non-GCU related MAOs in foreign owned subsidiaries is inconclusive; and MAOs related to GCUs are significantly less frequent in subsidiaries of foreign groups. In contrast to the results found in the public setting, our findings suggest that foreign control in the private setting is associated with more opaque companies. This study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the host-country, at the company level.
Open Access
Capital markets and valuation models of investment properties. A pre and post crisis analysis
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Horno-Bueno, María Paz; Licerán-Gutiérrez, Ana; Bautista-Mesa, Rafael
This work analyses the effect of the fair value and historical cost models, optionally applicable under IAS 40 for investment properties on the market value of Spanish groups of real estate listed companies between 2005 and 2018. The results of the application of the Ohlson Model do not suggest any relationship of financial information with the market value in the pre-crisis and economic crisis periods. However, in the post-crisis period, financial information represented by book value gains relevance, showing a significant positive relationship with the market value of real estate companies, although suggesting a reduction in the asymmetry of financial information in companies using the fair value method.
Open Access
Does audit committee financial expertise actually improves information readability?
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Alcaide-Ruiz, María Dolores; Bravo-Urquiza, Francisco
This paper investigates the relationship between audit committee financial expertise, particularly considering specific accounting financial expertise, and the readability of management reports. Additionally, this study also examines whether the effect of financial experts is moderated by the intensity of the audit committee’s activity. The dataset for directors’ characteristics is hand-collected as are the management reports. The sample is composed of Spanish listed firms for the period 2013-2015. The results show a negative association between financial expertise, especially accounting financial expertise, and the readability of management reports. In addition, this association is accentuated with higher number of audit committees’ meetings. This evidence stimulates the debate on the advantages of having members with financial expertise in the audit committee. Otherwise, the use of contextual approaches in further studies regarding the role of directors is recommended. In addition, this could help regulators and professionals to guide their requirements and recommendations about directors’ qualifications.
Open Access
Determining factors in modified audit reports : evidence from Portuguese municipalities
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Pimenta de Jesus, Ana Carolina; Machado de Almeida, Bruno José; Fernandes Gomes Da Silva, Alexandre Miguel
Factors influencing audit reports have been widely studied in the private sector, but few studies have sought to assess the reasons for modified reports or qualified opinions in the public sector. The objective of our work is to analyse the determining factors that influence municipalities’ audit reports. For this, we analysed three dimensions: factors related to the characteristics of the municipality, factors related to the characteristics of the auditor, and political factors. Our conclusions demonstrate that financial aspects, excluding debt, do not significantly influence an auditor´s opinion. However, the size of the audit firm and emphasis of matter in the audit report do affect the likelihood of a qualified opinion. Nevertheless, there is no relationship between differing political affiliations of the executive and deliberative bodies and the type of audit report or audit opinion. We found no relationship between a modified report and the studied variables.
Open Access
Board competences and CSR reporting : the moderating role of CEO power
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Gallego-Álvarez, Isabel; Pucheta-Martínez, María-Consuelo
Studies addressing the impact of board capabilities on CSR reporting are scarce. The aim of this research is to provide further evidence of the impact that certain board capabilities, such as board specific skills, board tenure and board cultural diversity have on CSR disclosure. Additionally, the moderating impact of CEO power on the association between these three board competences and CSR reporting is examined. The paper draws on resource dependence theory and agency theory, which are highly relevant in analysing how board competence influences CSR disclosure. The findings show that board specific skills, board tenure and board cultural diversity have a positive effect on the disclosure of CSR information. Moreover, our evidence also shows that CEOs with greater power can negatively moderate the positive effect of the three board competences considered on CSR reporting.
Open Access
Relevance of fair value disclosures in Spanish credit institutions
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Delgado-Vaquero, David; Morales-Díaz, José; Villacorta, Miguel Ángel
Spanish quoted credit institutions have applied IFRS for their consolidated financial statements since 2005. IFRS implied the implementation of the fair value measurement model for a greater number of financial instruments than previously, as well as the disclosure of the difference between fair value and book value for those financial instruments not measured at fair value on the balance sheet. In line with the value relevance literature, and through the application of an Ohlson model, we have analyzed whether fair value disclosures contribute to explaining the difference between the equity book value and the equity market value of the sample entities. We have modeled several variables related to the possible goodwill of the entities in order to increase the model’s explanatory power. Our paper is the first to focus exclusively on Spanish quoted credit institutions as well as to use an ample timeframe which includes pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis periods (2004 to 2019). The results show that, generally speaking (and in contrast to previous studies focused on other regions), fair value disclosures within the sample entities are not relevant for investors. There are several possible explanations for these results which are related to the specific characteristics of Spanish credit institutions and to the time period utilized for the sample. Conversely, entity size was found to have a statistically significant impact on the value-relevance of the goodwill explanatory factors.
Open Access
Determinants of sustainability information disclosure of local governments in Latin America
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) León-Silva, Jeimi Maribel; Dasí-González, Rosa María; Montesinos Julve, Vicente
This paper analyses the socioeconomic factors that influence the disclosure of sustainability information on 99 local government websites in 2018 in countries that make up the Pacific Alliance (PA) in Latin America, associated with internal and external demands that public entities have for accountability in social and environmental issues. We use as methodology a content analysis of the sustainability information disclosed by local entities on their websites and a regression of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). This article shows empirical evidence that the size, budget capacity and the economic level of the municipality are factors associated with the sustainability disclosure on websites due to internal and external factors impacting the decisions and actions taken by the entities related to the sustainability and its disclosure. These results are important for academic and technical discussions in a region with specific characteristics different from most countries studied in previous literature on the subject.
Open Access
An empirical analysis of women’s influence on management of financial risk in local governments
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Gómez-Miranda, María Elena; Navarro-Galera, Andrés; Buendía-Carrillo, Dionisio; Lara-Rubio, Juan
This study analyse the impact of female on the management of financial risk faced by local governments (LGs), through political and population variables. We conduct a statistical analysis of panel data to examine the financial behaviour of 133 large LGs in Spain during the period 2009-2017. The results reveal that LGs with a female mayor are at lower risk of default. Likewise, we found that the number of female members of the city council and the degree of political fragmentation are inversely associated with the risk of default. This risk is also alleviated by population variables, such as a larger female population, a larger rate of unemployment among women and a smaller population of women aged over 65 years. Our findings have important implications and usefulness for a wide range of stakeholders, including policymakers, managers, practitioners and fiscal authorities concerned by solvency, financial risks and possible default in LGs.

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