Publication: Substance P: A neurotransmitter of
amacrine and ganglion cells in the vertebrate retina
Authors
Kolb, H. ; Fernández, E. ; Ammermüller, J. ; Cuenca, N.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
A short history and summary of the
occurrence of substance P in the vertebrate body is
presented. Substance P is now generally accepted to be a
neurotransmitter and can be visualized by immunocytochemistry
to occur in various nerve cells in the CNS. In
the retina, substance P-immunoreactivity (SP-IR) occurs
in amacrine cell populations in al1 the species so far
studied. In some vertebrates retinas SP is also apparent
in one or more ganglion cell types. Anatomical
investigations have revealed the morphology and
connectivity of SP-IR amacrine cells: they branch in
severa1 strata of the inner plexiform layer receiving input
from bipolar and amacrine cells and making synapses
upon bipolar and ganglion cells. Most commonly SP-IR
amacrines emit axon-like process that pass to both the
outer plexiform layer and the ganglion cell and nerve
fiber layers. These processes often end upon the retina1
vasculature.
SP-IR ganglion cells have been described in turtle,
rabbit and human retinas. In turtle, intracellular dye
injection has revealed the morphology of one type of SPIR
ganglion cell as being a large-field monostratified cell
with a branches in the outer stratum of the inner
plexiform layer. It may correspond to a «Dogiel cell»
type. Intracellular investigation of SP-IR amacrine cells
in turtle reveal their physiological responses to be ONOFF
in nature with some color-coding characteristics. In
general SP acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter raising
the spontaneous activity leve1 of ganglion cell responses.
The SP-IR ganglion cell is an OFF-center unit in the
turtle retina and may be driven in the center of its
receptive field by luminosity bipolar cells and in its
surround by amacrine cells with color-opponent
properties.
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