Publication: El peritaje de los riesgos psicosociales.
Authors
García-Guirao, Noelia ; Meseguer de Pedro, Mariano ; Soler Sánchez, María Isabel
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.69592/2952-1955-EXTRA-MAYO-2026-ART-7
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Los riesgos psicosociales han pasado a ocupar una posición central en la prevención de riesgos laborales y en la litigiosidad por dolencias psíquicas de posible origen laboral. El perito judicial en prevención de riesgos laborales (PRL) es clave para valorar la evaluación de las condiciones de trabajo, la existencia de daño psíquico y el nexo causal entre ambos, conectando ciencia, organización y derecho.
El marco normativo europeo y español (Directiva 89/391/CEE, Ley 31/1995, guías del INSST), obligan a evaluar estos riesgos y a eliminar/minimizar los factores psicosociales «de riesgo» (carga laboral, autonomía, apoyo, inseguridad, acoso, conciliación) que puedan ocasionar riesgos tales como ansiedad, depresión, estrés laboral, burnout, etc.
El informe pericial en PRL cumple una función de garantía, porque protege simultáneamente la calidad de la decisión judicial, la efectividad de la prevención y la dignidad de las personas trabajadoras. Allí donde el trabajo se organiza de forma patógena, el perito ayuda a demostrarlo; y allí donde la organización ha actuado con diligencia, también permite distinguirlo.
Esa capacidad de discriminación técnica es precisamente lo que convierte al perito en una figura central para el buen funcionamiento del sistema preventivo y para la tutela efectiva de la salud en el trabajo.
Abstract: Psychosocial risks have become central to occupational risk prevention and litigation related to mental health conditions potentially of work origin. The court-appointed expert in occupational risk prevention (ORP) is key to assessing working conditions, the existence of psychological harm, and the causal link between the two, connecting science, organization, and law. The European and Spanish regulatory framework (Directive 89/391/EEC, Law 31/1995, INSST guidelines) mandates the assessment of these risks and the elimination or minimization of psychosocial risk factors (workload, autonomy, support, insecurity, harassment, work-life balance) that may cause risks such as anxiety, depression, work-related stress, burnout, etc. The expert report in ORP serves as a safeguard, simultaneously protecting the quality of the judicial decision, the effectiveness of prevention, and the dignity of workers. Where work is organized in a harmful way, the expert helps to demonstrate it; and where the organization has acted diligently, the expert also helps to distinguish between those instances. This capacity for technical discernment is precisely what makes the expert a central figure for the proper functioning of the prevention system and for the effective protection of occupational health.
Abstract: Psychosocial risks have become central to occupational risk prevention and litigation related to mental health conditions potentially of work origin. The court-appointed expert in occupational risk prevention (ORP) is key to assessing working conditions, the existence of psychological harm, and the causal link between the two, connecting science, organization, and law. The European and Spanish regulatory framework (Directive 89/391/EEC, Law 31/1995, INSST guidelines) mandates the assessment of these risks and the elimination or minimization of psychosocial risk factors (workload, autonomy, support, insecurity, harassment, work-life balance) that may cause risks such as anxiety, depression, work-related stress, burnout, etc. The expert report in ORP serves as a safeguard, simultaneously protecting the quality of the judicial decision, the effectiveness of prevention, and the dignity of workers. Where work is organized in a harmful way, the expert helps to demonstrate it; and where the organization has acted diligently, the expert also helps to distinguish between those instances. This capacity for technical discernment is precisely what makes the expert a central figure for the proper functioning of the prevention system and for the effective protection of occupational health.
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Citation
García-Guirao, N. , Meseguer-De Pedro, M. and Soler-Sánchez, M.I. (2026) “El peritaje de los riesgos psicosociales”, Revista Justicia & Trabajo, (6), p. 137. doi:10.69592/2952-1955-EXTRA-MAYO-2026-ART-7.
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