Publication: ¿Guerra colonial o guerra civil? Análisis historiográfico sobre el protagonismo étnico en la independencia del Ecuador según los textos escolares de Historia (1915-2015).
Authors
Silva Guijarro, Victor H.
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Publisher
Asociación Española de Americanistas
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.6018/nav.478611
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
El presente trabajo consiste en un análisis historiográfico sobre el protagonismo que
tuvieron los distintos grupos étnicos en la Guerra de Independencia del Ecuador según los textos
escolares de Historia publicados entre 1915 y 2015. Se han utilizado como fuentes historiográficas los
textos escolares de Historia, debido a que desde el siglo XX las políticas educativas ecuatorianas los
han utilizado como instrumentos ideológicos para llevar a cabo la construcción de una identidad
nacional común cimentada a partir de los presupuestos de la Historia Patria del siglo XIX. El empleo
de la enseñanza de la Historia a través de los textos escolares para consolidar esa identidad nacional
del siglo XIX se hace patente en el análisis sobre el protagonismo étnico en la Independencia, donde
dichos textos explican este acontecimiento como un proyecto de construcción nacional dirigido por las
élites criollas cuyo supuesto objetivo principal era liberar a todos los “ecuatorianos” de una presunta
opresión monárquica ejercida por un enemigo extranjero: el “español”. Pese a que hay autores que
han manifestado que indígenas, negros, mestizos, zambos, pardos, mulatos, cholos, obtuvieron
pocos beneficios de la Independencia, todos los textos escolares no dudan en confirmar que gracias
a los esfuerzos de las élites criollas, héroes de la Patria a los que hay que venerar y ensalzar, la
República del Ecuador pudo ser libre.
The present work consists of a historiographic analysis of the protagonism that the different ethnic groups had in Ecuador's War of Independence according to the history textbooks published between 1915 and 2015. History school textbooks have been used as historiographic sources, because since the 20th century Ecuadorian educational policies have used them as ideological instruments to carry out the construction of a common national identity based on the assumptions of the 19th century Patriotic History. The use of the teaching of history through school texts to consolidate this 19th century national identity is evident in the analysis of the ethnic protagonism in the Independence, where these texts explain this event as a project of national construction directed by the Creole elites whose supposed main objective was to free all “Ecuadorians” from an alleged monarchical oppression exercised by a foreign enemy: the “Spanish”. Although some authors have stated that indigenous people, blacks, mestizos, zambos, pardos, mulatos and cholos obtained few benefits from Independence, all the school texts do not hesitate to confirm that thanks to the efforts of the Creole elites, heroes of the country who are to be venerated and praised, the Republic of Ecuador was able to be free.
The present work consists of a historiographic analysis of the protagonism that the different ethnic groups had in Ecuador's War of Independence according to the history textbooks published between 1915 and 2015. History school textbooks have been used as historiographic sources, because since the 20th century Ecuadorian educational policies have used them as ideological instruments to carry out the construction of a common national identity based on the assumptions of the 19th century Patriotic History. The use of the teaching of history through school texts to consolidate this 19th century national identity is evident in the analysis of the ethnic protagonism in the Independence, where these texts explain this event as a project of national construction directed by the Creole elites whose supposed main objective was to free all “Ecuadorians” from an alleged monarchical oppression exercised by a foreign enemy: the “Spanish”. Although some authors have stated that indigenous people, blacks, mestizos, zambos, pardos, mulatos and cholos obtained few benefits from Independence, all the school texts do not hesitate to confirm that thanks to the efforts of the Creole elites, heroes of the country who are to be venerated and praised, the Republic of Ecuador was able to be free.
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Citation
Naveg@mérica, N. 27, 2021
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