Brain endothelial cell activation and dysfunction associate with and contribute to the development of enlarged perivascular spaces and cerebral small vessel disease

Hayden, Melvin Ray

Publication:
Brain endothelial cell activation and dysfunction associate with and contribute to the development of enlarged perivascular spaces and cerebral small vessel disease

dc.contributor.author	Hayden, Melvin Ray
dc.date.accessioned	2024-11-21T09:28:36Z
dc.date.available	2024-11-21T09:28:36Z
dc.date.issued	2024
dc.description.abstract	Multiple injurious stimuli to the brain’s endothelium results in brain endothelial cell activation and dysfunction (BECact/dys) with upregulation of inflammatory signaling cascades and a decrease in bioavailable nitric oxide respectively. These injurious stimuli initiate a brain injury and a response to injury wound healing genetically programed cascade of events, which result in cellular remodeling of the neurovascular unit and blood-brain barrier with increased inflammation and permeability. These remodeling changes also include the perivascular spaces that become dilated to form enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) that may be identified noninvasively by magnetic resonance imaging. These EPVS are associated with and considered to be a biomarker for cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and a dysfunctional glymphatic system with impaired removal of neurotoxic waste, which ultimately results in neurodegeneration with impaired cognition and dementia. The penultimate section discusses the understudied role of venous cerebral circulation in relation to EPVS, SVD, and the vascular contribution to cognitive impairment (VCID). The focus of this review will be primarily on BECact/dys that associates with and contributes to the development of EPVS, SVD, and impaired glymphatic system efflux. Importantly, BECact/dys may be a key piece of the puzzle to unlock this complicated story of EPVS and SVD. Multiple transmission electron micrographs and illustrations will be utilized to depict anatomical ultrastructure and allow for the discussion of multiple functional molecular cascades.	es
dc.format	application/pdf	es
dc.format.extent	22	es
dc.identifier.citation	Histology and Histopathology Vol. 39, nº12 (2024)
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-792
dc.identifier.issn	0213-3911
dc.identifier.issn	1699-5848
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10201/146551
dc.language	eng	es
dc.publisher	Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia	es
dc.relation	Sin financiación externa a la Universidad	es
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess	es
dc.rights	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/	*
dc.subject	Blood-brain barrier	es
dc.subject	Brain endothelial cell	es
dc.subject	Brain endothelial cell activation and dysfunction	es
dc.subject	Cerebral small vessel disease	es
dc.subject	Enlarged perivascular spaces	es
dc.subject	Glymphatic system	es
dc.subject	Neurovascular unit	es
dc.subject	Perivascular spaces	es
dc.subject	Transmission electron microscopy	es
dc.subject.other	CDU::6 - Ciencias aplicadas::61 - Medicina::616 - Patología. Medicina clínica. Oncología	es
dc.title	Brain endothelial cell activation and dysfunction associate with and contribute to the development of enlarged perivascular spaces and cerebral small vessel disease	es
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article	es
dspace.entity.type	Publication	es