Publication: The role of cancer stem cells and the side population in epithelial ovarian cancer
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Date
2010
Authors
Fong, Miranda Y. ; Kakar, S.S.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cancer of
the female reproductive tract, accounting for ~15,000
deaths per year according to the National Cancer
Institute and American Cancer Society. This review
article covers risk factors for the development of ovarian
cancer, current detection strategies, prognostic markers,
treatment strategies, etiology of tumorigenesis, and
ovarian somatic stem cells. While the etiology of ovarian
cancer is still unknown, several theories have been
proposed as the mechanism of carcinogenesis. One
theory states that the surface epithelium undergoing
invagination and forming inclusion cysts that are
exposed to growth factors and cytokines. The
“gonadotropin theory” has also been proposed. Other
reigning models for tumorigenesis include the
stochastical model where a distinct population of cells
acquires somatic mutations leading to metastasis, and the
hierarchical model where the tumor is initiated by cancer
stem cells (CSCs). CSCs isolated from primary tumors
have the ability to regenerate the tumor and reconstitute
the original tumor phenotype with as few as 100 cells.
CSCs from ovarian carcinomas display the cell surface
markers CD44+CD117+CD133+. CSCs are also thought
to account for chemotherapy resistance through the
expression of highly selective transporters ABCG2 and
MDR1 and activation of TLR4/MyD88. The side
population has been characterized by their ability to
efflux lipophilic substrates, including the dye Hoechst
33342 and many chemotherapy agents. This ability has
been attributed to the expression of the transporters
ABCG2 and MDR1.
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