Publication: Intracellular signalling pathways regulating the adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise and nutritional changes
Authors
Matsakas, Antonios ; Patel, Ketan
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
The focus of the present review is to
assimilate current knowledge concerning the differing
signalling transduction cascades that control muscle
mass development and affect skeletal muscle phenotype
following exercise or nutritional uptake. Effects of
mechanical loading on protein synthesis are discussed.
Muscle growth control is regulated by the interplay of
growth promoting and growth suppressing factors,
which act in concert. Much emphasis has been placed on
understanding how increases in the rate of protein
synthesis are induced in skeletal muscle during the
adaptive process. One key point to emerge is that protein
synthesis following resistance exercise or increased
nutrient availability is mediated through changes in
signal transduction involving the phosphorylation of
mTOR and sequential activation of downstream targets.
On the other hand, AMPK activation plays an important
role in the inhibition of protein synthesis by suppressing
the function of multiple translation regulators of the
mTOR signalling pathway in response to cellular energy
depletion and low metabolic conditions. The effects of
exercise and/or nutritional uptake on the activation of
signalling molecules that regulate protein synthesis are
highlighted, providing a better understanding of the
molecular changes in the cell.
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