Publication: Formación médica en determinantes sociales de la salud: ¿factores de riesgo o factores protectores?
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Date
2025
Authors
Torres Belma, Alberto
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.674351
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Los perfiles de egreso en medicina incluyen formación en determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS), que influyen en la vida de las personas y están ligados a la distribución de recursos y poder. Estos determinantes se agrupan en tres dimensiones: contexto socioeconómico-político, estructurales e intermedios. El modelo ecológico de Bronfenbrenner permite comprender la interacción dinámica entre individuo y entorno. Los DSS pueden actuar como factores de riesgo o protectores en la salud de personas, familias y comunidades. Es importante superar la visión negativa de los DSS, ya que también pueden impactar positivamente, como el apoyo social o las redes comunitarias. La gobernanza es clave para generar políticas públicas en salud; su ausencia incrementa riesgos epidemiológicos y desigualdades. Ejemplos muestran cómo políticas inadecuadas aumentan infecciones de transmisión sexual o embarazos no deseados. Las redes sociales y la digitalización pueden reducir brechas de información en salud, pero también generar desinformación o desigualdad digital. Se propone incluir los DSS en la formación médica con metodologías activas como entrevistas, análisis de estadísticas y exploración comunitaria. Finalmente, el aprendizaje-servicio se destaca como estrategia pedagógica efectiva para desarrollar habilidades sociales y compromiso ciudadano en futuros médicos.
Medical graduate profiles include training in social determinants of health (SDH), which influence people's lives and are linked to the distribution of resources and power. These determinants are grouped into three dimensions: socioeconomic-politicalcontext, structural, and intermediate factors. Bronfenbrenner's ecological model allows us to understand the dynamic interaction between individuals and their environment. SDH can act as risk or protective factors for the health of individuals, families, and communities. It is important to overcome the negative view of SDH, as they can also have positive impacts, such as social support or community networks. Governance is key to generating public health policies; its absence increases epidemiological risks and inequalities. Examples show how inadequate policies increase sexually transmitted infections or unwanted pregnancies. Social media and digitalization can reduce health information gaps, but they can also generate misinformation or digital inequality. We propose including SDH in medical training with active methodologies such asinterviews, statistical analysis, and community exploration. Finally, service-learning stands out as an effective pedagogical strategy for developing social skills and civic engagement in future physicians.
Medical graduate profiles include training in social determinants of health (SDH), which influence people's lives and are linked to the distribution of resources and power. These determinants are grouped into three dimensions: socioeconomic-politicalcontext, structural, and intermediate factors. Bronfenbrenner's ecological model allows us to understand the dynamic interaction between individuals and their environment. SDH can act as risk or protective factors for the health of individuals, families, and communities. It is important to overcome the negative view of SDH, as they can also have positive impacts, such as social support or community networks. Governance is key to generating public health policies; its absence increases epidemiological risks and inequalities. Examples show how inadequate policies increase sexually transmitted infections or unwanted pregnancies. Social media and digitalization can reduce health information gaps, but they can also generate misinformation or digital inequality. We propose including SDH in medical training with active methodologies such asinterviews, statistical analysis, and community exploration. Finally, service-learning stands out as an effective pedagogical strategy for developing social skills and civic engagement in future physicians.
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Citation
Torres Belma, A. (2025). Formación médica en determinantes sociales de la salud: ¿factores de riesgo o factores protectores?. Revista Española De Educación Médica, 6(4).
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