Publication: Internalización del estigma en pacientes seropositivos heterosexuales,
homosexuales y bisexuales de Nuevo León
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Date
2020
Authors
Rodríguez Otero, Luis Manuel ; Lara Rodríguez, María Gabriela
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.6018/azarbe.444941
https://doi.org/10.6018/azarbe.444941
https://doi.org/10.6018/azarbe.444941
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
La estigmatización incluye procesos internos a través de los cuales los sujetos objetivan el
imaginario social, los mitos y los estereotipos asociados al VIH/SIDA, lo aprueban y generan emociones
negativas hacia la propia identidad. El estigma internalizado está formado por componentes cognitivos
(estereotipos), emocionales (prejuicios) y conductuales (autodiscriminación). Se plantea una investigación
cuantitativa mediante un diseño no experimental, descriptivo, comparativo y causal con el objetivo
de describir y caracterizar el nivel de estigma internalizado en pacientes seropositivos del Estado de
Nuevo León (México), adscritos al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Se seleccionaron 198
pacientes de un hospital de segundo nivel a través de un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se
utilizó un cuestionario autoadministrado para la recolección de datos; compuesto por una batería de
preguntas sociodemográficas y la escala en formato Likert sobre estigma interiorizado de Kalichman
et col., (2009). Se calculó el nivel de estigma, se realizaron comparaciones de medias en función a
las variables sociodemográficas, la prueba de t-Student (variables dicotómicas) y la ANOVA (variables
politómicas) para muestras independientes, con un porcentaje de intervalo de confianza del 95%.
Los resultados denotan un nivel medio (x= 2.6) de estigma internalizado, representando el género, la
orientación sexual, el nivel de instrucción, el ámbito geográfico, ciertos aspectos psicológicos y médicos
y otros vinculados con la salud sexual factores determinantes en su interiorización. Desde el Trabajo
Social sería idóneo promover acciones comunitarias de educación para la salud, haciendo uso del modelo
revolucionario y el modelo biográfico y profesional de educación sexual.
Stigmatization includes internal processes through which subjects objectify the social imaginary, myths and stereotypes associated with HIV/AIDS, approve of it and generate negative emotions towards their own identity. Internalized stigma is made up of cognitive (stereotypes), emotional (prejudice), and behavioral (self-discrimination) components. A quantitative research is proposed through a non-experimental, descriptive, comparative and causal design with the objective of describing and characterizing the level of internalized stigma in seropositive patients from the State of Nuevo León (Mexico) assigned to the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). 198 patients were selected from a second-level hospital through simple random probability sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, consisting of a battery of sociodemographic questions and the scale in Likert format on internalized stigma from Kalichman et al., (2009). The level of stigma was calculated, mean comparisons were made based on the sociodemographic variables, the Student’s t-test (dichotomous variables) and the ANOVA (polytomous variables) for independent samples with a 95% confidence interval percentage. The results denote a medium level (x = 2.6) of internalized stigma, representing gender, sexual orientation, level of education, geographic scope, certain psychological and medical aspects, and others linked to sexual health, determining factors in its internalization. From Social Work, it would be ideal to promote community actions from health education making use of the revolutionary model and the biographical and professional model of sexual education.
Stigmatization includes internal processes through which subjects objectify the social imaginary, myths and stereotypes associated with HIV/AIDS, approve of it and generate negative emotions towards their own identity. Internalized stigma is made up of cognitive (stereotypes), emotional (prejudice), and behavioral (self-discrimination) components. A quantitative research is proposed through a non-experimental, descriptive, comparative and causal design with the objective of describing and characterizing the level of internalized stigma in seropositive patients from the State of Nuevo León (Mexico) assigned to the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). 198 patients were selected from a second-level hospital through simple random probability sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, consisting of a battery of sociodemographic questions and the scale in Likert format on internalized stigma from Kalichman et al., (2009). The level of stigma was calculated, mean comparisons were made based on the sociodemographic variables, the Student’s t-test (dichotomous variables) and the ANOVA (polytomous variables) for independent samples with a 95% confidence interval percentage. The results denote a medium level (x = 2.6) of internalized stigma, representing gender, sexual orientation, level of education, geographic scope, certain psychological and medical aspects, and others linked to sexual health, determining factors in its internalization. From Social Work, it would be ideal to promote community actions from health education making use of the revolutionary model and the biographical and professional model of sexual education.
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estigma, , VIH, , SIDA, , diversidad y Trabajo Social. , Stigma , HIV , AIDS , Diversity and Social Work
Citation
Azarbe, Revista Internacional de Trabajo Social y Bienestar, N. 9, 2020
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