Publication: Tumor promotion or suppression: Revisiting the role of EXT1 and heparan sulfate
Authors
Hiroyuki Tomita ; Akira Hara ; Ayumi Niwa
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Publisher
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Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de BiologÃa Celular e HistologÃa
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-985
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a linear sulfated
polysaccharide attached to proteoglycans, modulates the
availability and activity of growth factors and cytokines
to regulate cell signaling, adhesion, and migration.
Exostosin-1 (EXT1), a key glycosyl-transferase for HS
chain elongation, is increasingly implicated in cancer
development and progression. Although originally
identified as a tumor suppressor in hereditary multiple
exostoses, EXT1 exhibits a complex, context-dependent
role in cancer. The effects of EXT1 in cancer differ by
cell and tumor type, exerting both tumor-suppressing
and tumor-promoting effects. Notably, EXT1 also alters
the tumor microenvironment via its expression in
stromal fibroblasts and endothelial cells, further
influencing tumor behavior. This review discusses the
functions of HS and EXT1, emphasizing the roles of
EXT1 in cancer and its microenvironment. A deeper
understanding of these mechanisms may offer novel
therapies targeting the HS biosynthetic pathway.
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