Publication: Los expedientes de suspensión de contratos y reducción de jornada derivados del COVID-19. Estudio de las medidas de ajuste temporal orientadas al objetivo prioritario de mantenimiento del empleo
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Date
2021
Authors
Ferrando García, Francisca
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Facultad de Derecho
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Publisher
Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
El presente estudio analiza la regulación excepcional de los expedientes de regulación
temporal de empleo (ERTE), de suspensión de los contratos de trabajo o reducción de la
jornada, introducida con ocasión de la pandemia de COVID-19. En particular, se examina la delimitación de las causas justificativas, así como las diversas modalidades de ERTE por fuerza mayor (ex art. 22 RDL 8/2020, total o parcial, por rebrote, por impedimento y por limitación de la actividad), y los aspectos más relevantes en materia de tramitación de estos expedientes y de impugnación de la resolución administrativa y de la decisión empresarial. En coherencia con el carácter coyuntural de las circunstancias ligadas al COVID-19, y teniendo como leitmotiv el objetivo de mantenimiento del empleo, esta normativa excepcional otorga prioridad absoluta a los mecanismos de ajuste temporal del empleo sobre las soluciones extintivas, lo que se traduce en el paralelo reconocimiento de incentivos en materia de Seguridad Social y en el establecimiento de restricciones a determinadas facultades directivas y extintivas. Todas estas medidas, cuyas líneas generales son producto del diálogo social, materializado en los sucesivos Acuerdos Sociales para la Defensa del Empleo, han de ser valoradas en su conjunto. Tras el análisis de la normativa aplicable, de la doctrina judicial recaída en su interpretación, y de los datos estadísticos disponibles hasta la fecha, el estudio concluye con una valoración positiva de las medidas analizadas en cuanto a la consecución del objetivo de mantenimiento del empleo, a la vez que propone su prórroga, con las debidas adaptaciones, en la etapa post-COVID, y la traslación de algunos de sus aspectos más novedosos (fundamentalmente, los relativos a la flexibilización de la tramitación y a la composición de las comisiones ad hoc) a la legislación ordinaria.
This study analyses the exceptional regulation regarding short-time work schemes (ERTE), aimed at the suspension of employment contract or reduction of the working hours, introduced on the occasion of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the delimitation of the justifying causes is examined, as well as the various forms of ERTE due to force majeure (ex art. 22 RDL 8/2020, total or partial, due to regrowth, impediment and limitation of activity), and the most relevant aspects regarding the processing of these measures and the challenge of the administrative resolution and the business decision. Consistent with the temporary nature of the circumstances linked to COVID-19, and having as a leitmotiv the objective of maintaining employment, this exceptional regulation gives absolute priority to temporary employment adjustment mechanisms over termination solutions, which translates into the parallel recognition of incentives in matters of Social Security and in the establishment of restrictions on certain executive and extinction powers. All these measures, the general lines of which have their origin in the successive Social Agreements for the Defense of Employment as a result of social dialogue, must be assessed as a whole. After examining the applicable regulations and judicial doctrine relapse into their interpretation, as well as the statistical data available to date, the study concludes with a positive assessment of the measures analysed in terms of achieving the goal of maintaining employment , at the same time that it proposes its extension, with the due adaptations, in the post-COVID stage, and the transfer of some of its most innovative aspects (fundamentally, those related to the flexibility of the processing of measures and the composition of the ad hoc commissions) to ordinary legislation.
This study analyses the exceptional regulation regarding short-time work schemes (ERTE), aimed at the suspension of employment contract or reduction of the working hours, introduced on the occasion of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the delimitation of the justifying causes is examined, as well as the various forms of ERTE due to force majeure (ex art. 22 RDL 8/2020, total or partial, due to regrowth, impediment and limitation of activity), and the most relevant aspects regarding the processing of these measures and the challenge of the administrative resolution and the business decision. Consistent with the temporary nature of the circumstances linked to COVID-19, and having as a leitmotiv the objective of maintaining employment, this exceptional regulation gives absolute priority to temporary employment adjustment mechanisms over termination solutions, which translates into the parallel recognition of incentives in matters of Social Security and in the establishment of restrictions on certain executive and extinction powers. All these measures, the general lines of which have their origin in the successive Social Agreements for the Defense of Employment as a result of social dialogue, must be assessed as a whole. After examining the applicable regulations and judicial doctrine relapse into their interpretation, as well as the statistical data available to date, the study concludes with a positive assessment of the measures analysed in terms of achieving the goal of maintaining employment , at the same time that it proposes its extension, with the due adaptations, in the post-COVID stage, and the transfer of some of its most innovative aspects (fundamentally, those related to the flexibility of the processing of measures and the composition of the ad hoc commissions) to ordinary legislation.
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Pandemia COVID-19 , Expedientes de regulación temporal de empleo (ERTE) , Suspensión del contrato , Reducción de jornada , Mantenimiento del empleo , Flexibilidad interna , Fuerza mayor , Causas económicas , Técnicas , Razones organizativas o de gestión , Short-time work schemes , Furlough , Reduction of working time , Preserving employment , Internal flexibility , Force majeure , Economic , Technical , Organisational or production reasons
Citation
Revista del Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social, ISSN 2660-4647, Nº. 149, 2021, págs. 71-98
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