Publication: Agroecología en Chile: precursores, pioneros y su legado
Authors
Montalba, René ; Infante L., Agustín ; Contreras, Aliro ; Vieli, Lorena
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
En Chile, como en muchos otros lugares del mundo, los orígenes de la agroecología se encuentran
en sistemas agrícolas tradicionales campesinos e indígenas. Como perspectiva científica,
las ideas precursoras de la agroecología en Chile habrían surgido a finales de los 70s y
principios de los 80s, cuando el país se encontraba sumido en una profunda crisis económica
y social. A principios de los 80s, las ONGs fueron las principales fuentes de desarrollo incorporación
de la agroecología. Dentro de estas, el Centro de Educación y Tecnología sería la ONG
pionera, implementando centros demostrativos de agroecología en diversos contextos socioagrarios
representativos del país, los cuales fueron fundamentales para el desarrollo y expansión
de la agroecología. Esta influencia llegó también a la academia, incorporándose dentro
de las líneas de investigación y desarrollo de varias universidades, principalmente durante los
90s. Actualmente la agroecología se ha incorporado también en discursos y acciones de algunas
instituciones públicas. Con el apoyo de agroecólogos, en la última década varias empresas
agrícolas, con sistemas de gran escala, han adoptado e implementado exitosamente diseños y
manejos con enfoque agroecológico.
Después de más de 30 años, Algunas ONGs siguen jugando un rol fundamental en la promoción
de la Agroecología entre los agricultores y comunidades rurales. No obstante, la agricultura
chilena es ampliamente dominada por sistemas y practicas convencionales. Probablemente, crecientes
condiciones de incertidumbre y disturbaciones climáticas evidenciará las necesidades de
prácticas de manejo agroecológicas que incrementen los niveles de resiliencia en los sistemas
agrícolas y de soberanía alimentaria.
Summary Agroecology in Chile:precursors, pioners, and their legacy In Chile, as in many other parts of the world, agroecology was first developed from studies on traditional agricultural systems. In the late 70s and early 80s, when a large portion of Chilean population was under high poverty, the first notions for agroecological thinking arised. In the early 80s, NGOs were the first entities to do applied agroecology in the country. Of particular relevance is the Center for Education and Technology which was a pioneering NGO that implemented demonstrative agroecological farms making a huge impact in the development of agroecology in Chile. It also influenced academics that in the 90s incorporated agroecology to some universities, and also state agencies that started to incorporate agroecology in their discourses. Finally, medium and large agricultural export-oriented companies made important efforts to incorporate agroecological principles in their farms. After more than 30 years, some NGOs are still playing a key role in promoting agroecology among farmers and rural communities. However, Chilean agriculture is still mostly dominated by modern conventional practices. Probably, the future conditions of high uncertainty and climatic disturbances will increase the need for agroecological practices that increase farm resilience and food sovereigntiy.
Summary Agroecology in Chile:precursors, pioners, and their legacy In Chile, as in many other parts of the world, agroecology was first developed from studies on traditional agricultural systems. In the late 70s and early 80s, when a large portion of Chilean population was under high poverty, the first notions for agroecological thinking arised. In the early 80s, NGOs were the first entities to do applied agroecology in the country. Of particular relevance is the Center for Education and Technology which was a pioneering NGO that implemented demonstrative agroecological farms making a huge impact in the development of agroecology in Chile. It also influenced academics that in the 90s incorporated agroecology to some universities, and also state agencies that started to incorporate agroecology in their discourses. Finally, medium and large agricultural export-oriented companies made important efforts to incorporate agroecological principles in their farms. After more than 30 years, some NGOs are still playing a key role in promoting agroecology among farmers and rural communities. However, Chilean agriculture is still mostly dominated by modern conventional practices. Probably, the future conditions of high uncertainty and climatic disturbances will increase the need for agroecological practices that increase farm resilience and food sovereigntiy.
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Citation
Agroecología , vol.11, Núm 2, (2016)
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