Publication: Controlling Coxiella burnetii in naturally infected sheep, goats and cows, and public health implications: a scoping review
Authors
Toledo Perona, Raquel ; Contreras de Vera, Antonio ; Gomis, Jesús ; Quereda, Juan José ; García Galán, Ana ; Sánchez, Antonio ; Gómez Martín, Ángel
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Publisher
Agricultural Research Service (USDA)
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1321553
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
©2024. The authors.This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. This document is the Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Frontiers in Veterinary Science. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1321553
Abstract
Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease which domestic ruminants are the main source of infection for humans. This scoping review summarizes the control measures currently available to reduce Coxiella burnetii (Cb) infection in naturally infected sheep, goat and cattle herds. A total of 28 articles were included in the review. A lack of methodological standardization was noted in the articles analyzed. The results indicated that long-term vaccination in cows reduces bacterial excretion in milk and environmental contamination. In small ruminants, the results of vaccination in terms of efficacy are variable. In goats, there is a reduction in bacterial excretion, unlike in sheep, where a long-term vaccination program is necessary to reduce bacterial excretion. Moreover, the high persistence of viable Cb in the environment means that control measures for sheep are needed for several years. The use of antibiotics as a control measure in cows and sheep was not found to reduce excretion. However, the combination of vaccination with antibiotic therapy appears to have positive effects in small ruminants in terms of controlling outbreaks of Q fever. Hygiene and biosecurity measures are the basic means for controlling Cb infection on ruminant farms and ensuring public health.
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