Publication: Recogida y tratamiento de datos personales en el contexto del contrato de trabajo
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Date
2021
Authors
Cámara Botía, Alberto
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Publisher
Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social, Subdirección General de Informes,
Recursos y Publicaciones
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
© 2021, Los autores. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. This document is the Published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Revista del Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social.
Abstract
El derecho fundamental a la protección de datos encuentra una de sus más importantes aplicaciones en el ámbito de la relación laboral. Su ciclo vital (selección, contratación, cumplimiento y extinción) permite y exige disponer de una información masiva sobre el trabajador, de un elevadísimo número de datos personales sobre sus más variadas circunstancias. De este modo resulta que: a) Sería imposible la celebración, cumplimiento y extinción del contrato de trabajo sin la disposición de datos personales de los trabajadores. b) Estos actos suponen la disposición del derecho fundamental a la protección de datos, un capítulo más del tema de la vigencia de los derechos fundamentales inespecíficos del trabajador en el contrato de trabajo. c) De los dos elementos anteriores, necesidad del tratamiento de datos personales para el desenvolvimiento de la relación laboral y atribución al trabajador de un poder de disposición y de control sobre los mismo configurado como derecho fundamental, resultará la modulación del derecho fundamental a la protección de datos. La protección de datos personales se convierte así en un punto de vista desde el que el Derecho del Trabajo, y particularmente el contrato de trabajo, puede ser mirado en su integridad. A la luz de este derecho fundamental, entre el trabajador, como “interesado”, y el empresario, como “responsable del tratamiento” de los datos personales, se anudan un complejo conjunto de derechos y obligaciones. De ese amplio conjunto de obligaciones y derechos corresponde a este trabajo el estudio de la recogida y tratamiento de datos personales en el contexto del contrato de trabajo. Como en otros artículos de este volumen se estudian destacados aspectos generales y específicos del derecho a la protección de datos, presentando en estas páginas un sucinto análisis de la casuística más destacada generada por la recogida y tratamiento de datos en el contexto del contrato de trabajo. El estudio se estructura en tres grandes apartados, según la recogida y tratamiento de datos personales de los trabajadores se produzca: 1) en el momento de la celebración del contrato de trabajo; 2) durante su cumplimiento, y 3) en su extinción.
The fundamental right to data protection finds one of its most important applications in the field of labor relations. Its life cycle (selection, hiring, compliance and extinction) allows and demands to have a massive information about the worker, a very high number of personal data about his most varied circumstances. Thus it turns out that: a) It would be impossible to conclude, fulfill and terminate the employment contract without the provision of personal data of the workers. b) These acts involve the provision of the fundamental right to data protection, another chapter on the issue of the validity of the nonspecific fundamental rights of the worker in the employment contract. c) Of the two previous elements, the need for the processing of personal data for the development of the labor relationship and attribution to the worker of a power of disposition and control over the same configured as a fundamental right, will result the modulation of the fundamental right to protection of data. The protection of personal data thus becomes a point of view from which Labor Law, and particularly the employment contract, can be viewed in its entirety. In light of this fundamental right, between the worker, as “interested”, and the employer, as “responsible for the processing” of personal data, a complex set of rights and obligations are tied. Of this broad set of obligations and rights corresponds to this paper the study of the collection and processing of personal data in the context of the employment contract. As in other articles of this volume are studied outstanding general and specific aspects of the right to data protection in labor relations, to avoid unnecessary and tedious repetitions, we have chosen to present in these pages a succinct analysis of the most outstanding casuistry generated for the collection and processing of data in the context of the employment contract. Following the usual structure of the main studies published on the subject, these pages are structured in three main sections, depending on the collection and processing of personal data of the workers: 1) at the time of the conclusion of the employment contract; 2) during its fulfillment, and 3) in its extinction.
The fundamental right to data protection finds one of its most important applications in the field of labor relations. Its life cycle (selection, hiring, compliance and extinction) allows and demands to have a massive information about the worker, a very high number of personal data about his most varied circumstances. Thus it turns out that: a) It would be impossible to conclude, fulfill and terminate the employment contract without the provision of personal data of the workers. b) These acts involve the provision of the fundamental right to data protection, another chapter on the issue of the validity of the nonspecific fundamental rights of the worker in the employment contract. c) Of the two previous elements, the need for the processing of personal data for the development of the labor relationship and attribution to the worker of a power of disposition and control over the same configured as a fundamental right, will result the modulation of the fundamental right to protection of data. The protection of personal data thus becomes a point of view from which Labor Law, and particularly the employment contract, can be viewed in its entirety. In light of this fundamental right, between the worker, as “interested”, and the employer, as “responsible for the processing” of personal data, a complex set of rights and obligations are tied. Of this broad set of obligations and rights corresponds to this paper the study of the collection and processing of personal data in the context of the employment contract. As in other articles of this volume are studied outstanding general and specific aspects of the right to data protection in labor relations, to avoid unnecessary and tedious repetitions, we have chosen to present in these pages a succinct analysis of the most outstanding casuistry generated for the collection and processing of data in the context of the employment contract. Following the usual structure of the main studies published on the subject, these pages are structured in three main sections, depending on the collection and processing of personal data of the workers: 1) at the time of the conclusion of the employment contract; 2) during its fulfillment, and 3) in its extinction.
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Citation
Revista del Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social, núm. 148 (2021), p.p. 113-142
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