Arnau Sánchez, José

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Arnau Sánchez, José

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Arnau Sánchez, José

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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Enfermería

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Open Access
Implementation of a Multifaceted Program to Improve the Rational Use of Antibiotics in Children under 3 Years of Age in Primary Care
(MDPI, 2024-06-21) Alfayate Miguélez, Santiago; Martín Ayala, Gema; Jiménez Guillén, Casimiro; Alcaraz Quiñonero, Manuel; Herrero Delicado, Rafael; Arnau Sánchez, José; Enfermería; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Enfermería
A multifaceted, participatory, open program based on a qualitative and quantitative approach was developed in the Region of Murcia (Spain) aimed to reduce antibiotic use in children under 3 years of age diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infections (acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and common cold). Antibiotic consumption was measured using the defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD). Pre-intervention data showed a prevalence of antibiotic prescriptions in the primary care setting of 45.7% and a DHD of 19.05. In 2019, after the first year of implementation of the program, antibiotic consumption was 10.25 DHD with an overall decrease of 48% as compared with 2015. Although antibiotic consumption decreased in all health areas, there was a large variability in the magnitude of decreases across health areas (e.g., 12.97 vs. 4.77 DHD). The intervention program was effective in reducing the use of antibiotics in children under 3 years of age with common upper respiratory diseases, but reductions in antibiotic consumption were not consistent among all health areas involved.
Open Access
Factors influencing inappropriate use of antibiotics in infants under 3 years of age in primary care: a qualitative study of the paediatricians’ perceptions
(MDPI, 2023-04-07) Arnau Sánchez, José; Jiménez-Guillén, Casimiro; Alcaraz-Quiñonero, Manuel; Vigueras-Abellán, Juan José; Garnica-Martínez, Beatriz; Soriano-Ibarra, Juan Francisco; Martín-Ayala, Gema; Facultad de Enfermería
Open Access
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the outcomes of a multifaceted program on antibiotic prescribing in primary care among children under three years of age
(MDPI, 2026-01-19) Martín-Ayala, Gema; Alfayate-Miguélez, Santiago; Jiménez-Guillén, Casimiro; Alcaraz-Quiñonero, Manuel; Iofrío-De Arce, Antonio; Arnau Sánchez, José; Enfermería; Facultad de Enfermería
Background/objective: Inappropriate antibiotic use in paediatric populations is a leading driver of antimicrobial resistance. In the Murcia Region, Spain, the Purapi program promotes the rational use of antibiotics among children under 3 years of age. This study aimed to analyse antibiotic use in this age group during the pandemic period (2020–2023) and to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the effectiveness of a multifaceted program promoting appropriate antibiotic use. Methods: A retrospective, multicentre, population-based study was conducted in primary care using data from 2019 to 2024. Systemic antibiotic use (ATC J01 group) among children under three years was measured as defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD). Differences across years and healthcare areas were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction. Results: Antibiotic consumption decreased by 49% in 2020 compared to 2019, coinciding with the implementation of national COVID-19 containment measures. From 2021 onward, agradualincrease wasobserved; however, by2024, levels remained 9%below pre-pandemic values. Penicillins account for 75% of prescriptions, mainly amoxicillin and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. While variability across healthcare areas decreased during the pandemic, variability among primary care centres increased. Conclusions: The pandemic resulted in a temporary reduction in antibiotic use, followed by a partial rebound
Open Access
Long-term care facilities and nursing homes during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review of the perspectives of professionals, families and residents
(MDPI, 2021-09-26) Palacios-Ceña, Domingo; Fernández-Peña, Rosario; Ortega-López, Angela; Fernández-Feito, Ana; Bautista-Villaécija, Oscar; Rodrigo-Pedrosa, Olga; Arnau Sánchez, José; Lizcano-Álvarez, Ángel; Enfermería; Facultad de Enfermería
Open Access
Difficulties and motivations for physical exercise in women older than 65 years. A qualitative study
(Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 2018) López Benavente, Yolanda; Arnau Sánchez, José; Ros Sánchez, Tania; Lidón Cerezuela, María Beatriz; Serrano Noguera, Araceli; Medina Abellán, María Dolores; Enfermería; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Enfermería
Objective: to identify difficulties and motivations for the practice of physical exercise in women older than 65 years. Method: qualitative study based on the phenomenological theory, with focus groups and in-depth interviews. The nursing staff selected 15 women by intentional sampling using the following criteria: age, time dedicated to physical exercise, independence, and absence of cognitive impairment and contraindication for this activity. Two focus groups were formed (one of them did physical exercise for less than 150 minutes per week and the other at least 150 minutes per week) in addition to conducting five in-depth interviews. Qualitative analysis of the data was performed through transcription, coding, categorization, and verification of results. Results: the difficulties to start and develop physical exercise were circumscribed to the perception of poor health and lack of free time; both circumstances result from care obligation, being represented as a gender imposition. However, the motivations are related to perception of strength, need for socialization, and perception of autonomy and freedom. Conclusions: the ideological representation of gender determines the women’s decision to exercise. Knowing the meaning and significance that women give to health and their role in the socio-family environment allows nurses to develop relationships and interventions to encourage the practice of physical exercise.
Embargo
Sexual function and intimate partner violence in middle- aged women: a community-based, dual-focus study in Spain
(The Menopause Society, 2016-10-16) María M. Martínez- Madrid; González Cuello, Ana María; Arnau Sánchez, José; María M. Martínez Madrid; Enfermería; Ana González - Cuello; José Arnau-Sánchez; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Enfermería
Objective: To evaluate the association between sexual function and intimate partner violence (IPV) among sexually active, middle-aged women in Spain, examining each outcome in separate cross-sectional models. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 451 women (40- 64 y) randomly recruited from primary care settings in southeastern Spain. Participants completed the 6-item Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6), the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST), and a general sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire. Factors associated with low sexual function and a positive IPV screen were analyzed using generalized linear models of the Poisson family to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR). Results: The mean age of participants was 50.09 ± 7.05 years. The prevalence of low sexual function (FSFI-6 score ≤ 19) was 33.7%, and the prevalence of a positive IPV screen (WAST score ≥ 14) was 16.6%. Low sexual function was higher among women with a positive IPV screen compared with those without (77.3% vs. 25.0%, P < 0.001). In the multivariate model, a positive IPV screen was related to a higher prevalence of low sexual function (aPR: 2.57; 95% CI: 2.04-3.25). Conversely, low sexual function was linked to a positive IPV screen (aPR: 4.67; 95% CI: 2.78-7.85). Spanish Roma ethnicity was also associated with IPV (aPR: 3.51; 95% CI: 2.14-5.74). Conclusions: Low sexual function and a positive IPV screen were statistically associated in this community-based sample of middle-aged women. A higher prevalence of IPV was observed among certain ethnic minorities. These associations persisted after adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical factors.
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Where we are in the fight against Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections. The opinion of the stakeholders of the European Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (EU-JAMRAI)
(Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Roma, Italia), 2022-06-23) Fabbro, Elisa; Arnau Sánchez, José; López Acuña, María Del Pilar; Hukelová, Hana; Alcaraz Quiñonero, Manuel; Pantosti, Annalisa; Busani, Luca; Enfermería; Sin departamento asociado; Luca Busani; Facultad de Enfermería
During the second European Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Healthcare-Associated Infections (HCI) (EU-JAMRAI) annual meeting, the Evaluation Team elicited stakeholders' opinions regarding the implementation of the National Strategies and Action Plans to fight AMR and HCI, the One Health integration and the EU-JAMRAI support to the national and EU authorities in two Focus Groups. This qualitative exercise contributed to identify criticalities and possible improvements in aspects such as political priorities, legislation/legal requirements, human and financial resources, and supervision in many health sectors to ensure effective implementation of the action plans. Stakeholders pointed out at the different speed of EU member states, in particular concerning the One Health integration in the plans. Finally, the Stakeholders strongly asked the EU-JAMRAI to reinforce the integration and dissemination of the best practices and results, to help policymakers at national and European levels in defining and implementing harmonized policies and actions against AMR and HCI.