Person: Ramallo Asensio, Sebastián Federico
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Paisajes del agua: la interacción del hombre con el medio en el Mediterráneo centro-occidental
Qart-Hadasht: La "nueva capital" de Cartago en Iberia
In this paper the most significant features of the original topography of the city of Qart Hadasht are specified and defined through the results obtained in the Arqueotopos project. The archaeological findings from the Punic period, superimposed on the restituted orography, provide a glimpse of the configuration of the urban fabric and its adaptation to the natural environment by means of infrastructure works of considerable magnitude. These works helped overcoming the limitations imposed by a hostile, rugged environment with large depressed and easily flooded sectors. On the other hand, the characterisation of the barchid material contexts in the urban environment, based above all on tableware and transport containers, makes it possible to identify the deposits in the exploitation area with the same ceramic record and to correlate them with those of the city. The resources, typical of a semi-arid environment, are listed in the classical sources. The most important of these ones are the mining sites, which contain the greatest amount of material evidence from the pre-Roman period, and in particular the high peaks of heavy metal contamination of the urban subsoil dating back to the beginning of the first millennium BC.
Cartagena, de la indiferencia al entusiasmo por la recuperación patrimonial
La porticus post scaenam del teatro romano de Carthago Nova
Se analiza la configuración espacial y arquitectónica de la porticus post scaenam del teatro romano de Cartagena, cuya planificación y ejecución se realiza de forma conjunta con el edificio de espectáculos en época de Augusto. A pesar de que buena parte del pórtico permanece sin excavar, contamos con testimonios suficientes que nos permiten aproximarnos a sus dimensiones y arquitectura. En síntesis, se trata de un gran espacio de planta cuadrangular, delimitado en tres de sus lados por un pórtico de doble nave, cerrado al sur por una cripta anexa al macizo de cimentación del frente escénico. El análisis de los sondeos realizados en el pórtico tras la escena también permite entrever las sucesivas reformas de época altoimperial, que finalizan en un momento impreciso de la segunda centuria, cuando el edificio pierde su función original y se reconvierte en un área artesanal. Su abandono final se produce durante los primeros decenios del siglo III. The spatial and architectural configuration of the porticus post scaenam of the Cartagena Roman theatre is analysed, the planning and execution of which is carried out in conjunction with the spectacle building from the time of Augustus. Although much of the portico remains unexcavated, we have sufficient testimonies to allow us to understand its dimensions and architecture. In summary, this is a large quadrangular space, surrounded on three sides by a double portico, closed-off to the south by a crypt annexed to the solid foundations of the scenic facade. The analysis of the exploration carried out in the portico behind the stage also allows us to see the successive reforms of the high imperial period, ending sometime in the second century, when the building loses its original function and becomes an artisanal area. It was finally abandoned during the first decades of the third century.
Teatro Romano de Cartagena
La recuperación del Teatro Romano de Cartagena es el resultado más ostensible de un largo proyecto de excavación arqueológica iniciado en octubre de 1988, cuyas consecuencias han trascendido los límites de un atractivo programa de investigación científica, pues ha impulsado otras actuaciones de carácter urbanístico, económico. social y cultural y ha contribuido de forma decisiva a la configuración de un nuevo modelo de ciudad para la Cartagena del siglo XXI, tras la dramática crisis industrial padecida a principios de los noventa, acentuada por la reestructuración de las Fuerzas Armadas
El registro Pleistoceno y Holoceno de la cuenca de Mazarrón (sureste de España)
The evolution of the Mazarrón Basin during the Pleistocene and Holocene is reconstructed. Nine core samples drilled by the University of Murcia were studied with the objectives of: 1) defining the chronological framework; 2) reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental conditions; and 3) establishing its relationship with recent tectonics. A total of 158 samples were recovered for amino acid racemization dating, 4 for radiocarbon dating, 332 for sedimentological and paleontological analysis, and 110 for mineralogical analysis. These data allowed for the elucidation of the evolutionary phases of the Mazarrón Basin paleolandscape, a fault-controlled graben affected by several faults, primarily the Las Moreras and Rella faults. The ages of the sedimentary record and facies correlation indicate that the Las Moreras Fault controlled sedimentation during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7, while the Rella Fault was highly active during the Middle Holocene. During MIS 7, a brackish lagoon developed in the western area, overlying alluvial fan deposits. Subsequently, the area was uplifted, becoming exposed to erosion. Activity along the Rella Fault allowed sedimentation in the western part of the Mazarrón Basin during the Middle Holocene, while in the Late Holocene, sedimentation occurred in the eastern part. The Holocene transgression resulted in a temporarily floodable marshland inland, with varying salinity levels, from brackish to euhaline. Along the seafront, marine influence was evident but not dominant. Thus, during the Holocene, the Mazarrón Basin ranged from brackish to highly euhaline, with variable biological diversity linked to a close and probably discontinuous connection with the sea, restricted circulation, and long renewal times, reflected in the significant presence of halite. The record ended with recent alluvial/anthropogenic sediments.
Biomarcadores lipídicos y contaminación por metales en el registro del holoceno de la bahía de Cartagena (sureste de España): historia ambiental natural y antropogénica combinada en la Época Púnica y Romana
The paleoenvironmental conditions of Cartagena Bay during the Holocene were reconstructed through a multidisciplinary study with the main goal of identifying natural variations and anthropogenic processes in this coastal area. A total of 119 samples were collected for amino acid racemization dating, 3 for radiocarbon dating, and four sets of 80 samples each for sedimentological and paleontological analysis, mineralogical content, biomarker analysis, and trace element quantification. Two natural scenarios were identified based on variations in n-alkane indices and paleobiological content. The first period (6650–5750 cal yr BP) was characterized by the development of euhaline marine conditions with significant contributions of aquatic macrophytes and high biodiversity. After a hiatus, the area underwent a significant change, becoming a sparsely populated brackish marsh environment with increasing terrestrial plants, and possible periods of emergence with a greater presence of terrestrial gastropods (3600–300 cal yr BP). By combining trace element abundance and stanol distribution, this study also provides a novel approach to identifying the predominant influence of anthropogenic factors over the last three millennia on the coastal record of Cartagena Bay. The findings confirmed that lead mining and metallurgy began during the Bronze Age, with considerable contributions of this metal to the atmosphere during the Phoenician, Punic, and particularly Roman periods, compared to the Middle Ages. Copper and zinc pollution was also observed during the Punic and Roman periods and was first documented in the Middle Ages. In addition, fecal stanols were found, such as coprostanol, derived mainly from humans, and 24-ethylcoprostanol from herbivores, indicating for the first time a continuous presence of human populations and a significant contribution of pollution from 3600 cal yr BP, being greater at the end of the Bronze Age and during the Phoenician, Punic and Roman periods than during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when an intense process of urban regression is detected in the city.
Immensa palus: estudio geofísico y arqueológico de la laguna del mar menor y su litoral mediterráneo
Esta contribución presenta los primeros resultados de una serie de proyectos de investigación centrados en el análisis geoarqueológico del Mar Menor. Esta laguna litoral, destacada ya en las fuentes antiguas por su relevancia y considerada la mayor laguna costera de agua salada de la Península Ibérica, constituye un ecosistema de extraordinario valor ecológico y un espacio de ocupación humana continuada desde la Prehistoria. El diseño de una metodología interdisciplinar ha permitido desarrollar diversas campañas de prospección geofísica orientadas a la exploración de paleopaisajes sumergidos bajo el fondo lagunar. Para ello, se ha recurrido a distintos métodos de acústica sísmica con el objetivo de estudiar los procesos de evolución de la laguna, entre los que destaca el uso de perfiladores paramétricos de sub-fondo. Estos detectores permiten obtener datos sísmicos de reflexión 2D de alta resolución a partir de los que cartografiar la morfología del paleopaisaje del fondo lagunar y de la costa mediterránea adyacente. Los resultados obtenidos son de gran interés para comprender mejor las dinámicas de formación de la propia laguna, así como sientan las bases para reconstruir la evolución paisajística del Mar Menor a lo largo de su intrahistoria y de las comunidades humanas que habitaron su entorno