Goyena Salgado, Elena

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Goyena Salgado, Elena

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Goyena Salgado, Elena

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Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas

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Investigations of Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies in rural Spain reveal strongly aggregated and gender-specific spatial distributions and advocate use of light-attraction traps
(Wiley, Royal Entomological Society, 2017-11-07) Muñoz, C.; Risueño, J.; Yilmaz, A.; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Ortuño, M.; Bernal, L. J.; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Alten, B.; Berriatua, E.; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Sanidad Animal
The spatial and temporal distribution of Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Newstead, 1911), the sand fly vector of pathogens of public and animal health importance, was investigated in a high sand fly density rural area in Spain using light-attraction and sticky-interception traps. Traps were placed inside animal buildings and outside at increasing distance from animals. A total of 8506 sand flies were collected, 87% with light traps. Species frequency differed between trap types. The abundance of P. perniciosus decreased exponentially with increasing distance to animals and, while females were most common in the animal enclosure, males predominated in adjoining storage places. Increasing CO2 concentration had an additional positive effect on female abundance only. Both male and female density increased with rising temperature, and there was some indication that females were more active than males at higher relative humidity. The study confirms that P. perniciosus aggregates around animal premises, although male and female distributions differ and should be analysed separately to account for biological and behavioural differences. This provides further evidence that light traps offer an accurate estimation of the relative spatial and temporal abundance of P. perniciosus, conferring an added value for the study of this species and the risk of pathogen transmission.
Open Access
Los macroparásitos digestivos de la paloma "columba livia" como biomotores de contaminación ambiental por metales
(2012-06-21) Goyena Salgado, Elena; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Motas Guzmán, Miguel; Facultad de Veterinaria
Se ha evaluado la idoneidad de los macroparásitos digestivos de la paloma (Columba livia) como biomonitores de contaminación por manganeso, cinc, plomo, cadmio y cromo. Para ello, se analizaron los macroparásitos, hígado, riñón, músculo, hueso y plumas de 250 palomas de Almería mediante espectrometría de masas con plasma acoplado inductivamente. Los resultados muestran que Raillietina tetragona (50% prevalencia) concentra el Mn 5,56 veces más que el riñón, el Zn 3,71 veces más que el hueso y el Cr 1,06 veces más que la pluma, siendo este cestodo un adecuado sistema de alerta temprana para la detección de estos metales, así como una herramienta para la biomonitorización de exposiciones recientes de Pb. En Ascaridia columbae (4% prevalencia) la concentración del Cd fue 1,75 veces la del riñón, por lo que este nematodo podría emplearse como complemento del modelo Columba livia/Raillietina tetragona en estudios de biomonitorización de la contaminación por Cd. The aim of this study is to evaluate the suitability of intestinal macroparasites of pigeons (Columba livia) as bioindicators for manganese, zinc, lead, cadmium and chromium pollution. In this sense, the liver, kidney, muscle, bone and feathers from 250 pigeons collected in Almería (Spain) were analyzed in an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Our results show that Raillietina tetragona (prevalence 50%) concentrate Mn 5.56 times more than kidney, Zn 3.71 times more than bone, and Cr 1.06 times more than feathers do. The cestode could be considered an appropriate early detection system for these metals and as a biomonitoring tool for Pb recent exposure. Cadmium accumulation in Ascaridia columbae (prevalence 4%) was 1.75 times the one reached in the pigeon kidney. So, this nematode is able to supplement Columba livia/Raillietina tetragona model in Cd pollution circumstances.
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On the aggregated nature of chronic Sarcoptes scabiei infection in adult pigs
(Elsevier, 2012-10-17) Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Balseiro, A.; Alonso de Vega, Francisco; Casais, Rosa; Prieto, M.; García-Marín, J.F.; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Sanidad Animal
The prevalence and body distribution of Sarcoptes scabiei and associated dermatitis was investigated in sows and boars from four herds with long standing mange. Macroscopic hyperkeratotic dermatitis (crusted mange) was present in 1–6% of herd sows. Mite estimated prevalence (95% CI) in ear scrapings was 11% (6–17%) including 100% (13/13) and 2% (3/134) in sows with and without crusted mange, respectively, and the later had very few mites compared to the former. S. scabiei body distribution and dermatitis were further investigated in 59–64 skin scrapings/sow taken post-mortem from four culled sows including two (sows 1 and 2) with and two (sows 3 and 4) without crusted mange. The proportion of skin samples with eggs, instars or adults was 59% in sow 1, 84% in sow 2, 0% in sow 3 and 3% in sow 4. S. scabiei distribution in sows 1 and 2 ranged from being present in all skin ear and head samples to absent in those from the inner side of the limbs and mammary glands. Crusted lesions were observed in the skin of the ears, neck and lower limbs and contained the largest mite populations. Histopathological analysis of skin samples identified mites, inflammatory cellular infiltrate (mainly lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils) and hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and spongiosis in 78%, 54%, 20% and 25% of samples from sows 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, being lesion severity positively associated to mite presence. The study provides further evidence that in herds with long-standing exposure to S. scabiei, infection becomes highly overdispersed with large mite populations present only in a few pigs and in specific body areas. Although the reasons for mite aggregation have not been identified, it is important controlwise because treating or eliminating a few and easy to identify heavily infected adult pigs, should markedly decrease the herd’s parasite load and reduce the use of acaridal drugs.
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A cross-sectional study of the impact of regular use of insecticides in dogs on Canine Leishmaniosis seroprevalence in southeast Spain
(Elsevier, 2015-12-19) Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Chitimia, L.; Risueño, J.; García-Martínez, J.D.; Bernal, L.J.; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
The relationship between Canine Leishmaniosis (CanL) seroprevalence and regular use of topical insecticides was investigated in 800 pet dogs with no visible signs of CanL in Murcia, southeast Spain in 2011. Dogs were clients to 17 veterinary practices and were analyzed for Leishmania infantum antibodies in blood plasma using two commercial ELISAs (Ingezim, Ingenasa®, Spain; Leishcan, Hipra®, Spain). Owners were interviewed to gather data on dog related variables. They included date of birth, home address and frequency, duration and timing of insecticide treatments used to prevent ectoparasite infestations. The dog’s residence was georeferenced and environmental data potentially associated with the dog’s risk of L. infantum infection was obtained. A mixed logistic regression model was then developed to analyze the relationship between the dog’s serological status and insecticidal treatment adjusted for demographic and environmental variables. Overall, CanL seroprevalence (95% confidence limits) was 18% (16–21%) including 11% in dogs not using insecticide treatments (n = 60) and 19% in those using them (n = 740) (p > 0.05). At least 16 different insecticide products were used and 73%, 26% and 1% of dogs received 1, 2 and 3 products a year. The most frequent commercial brands used and the only ones in the market claiming anti-sandfly activity, were Scalibor collars (deltametrin 40 mg/g; MSD®), Advantix pipettes (permethrin 500 mg/ml and imidacloprid 100 mg/ml; Bayer®) and Exspot spot-on pipettes (permethrin 715 mg/ml; MSD®). Seroprevalence was 9%, 16%, 20%, 22% and 25% for dogs with Scalibor collars plus Advantix pipettes, Scalibor collars plus ExSpot pipettes, Advantix pipettes alone, Scalibor collars alone and Exspot pipettes alone, respectively. The multivariable model confirmed a significant reduction in the risk of Leishmania spp. seropositivity in dogs using the Scalibor and Advantix combination compared to those using either product alone and provided evidence of greatly increased risk of CanL in rural areas situated at 300–500 m altitude and average March–July temperatures of 18.6–19 ◦C. The study highlights the difficulty in controlling CanL infection by means of insecticide use alone and thatit could be improved by using the Scalibor and Advantix combination and identifying and targeting specific geographical areas.
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Variable performance of a human derived Sarcoptes scabiei recombinant antigen ELISA in swine mange diagnosis
(Elsevier, 2013-10-18) Casais, Rosa; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Alonso de Vega, Francisco; Ramis, Guillermo; Prieto, J.M.; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Sanidad Animal
The performance of an indirect ELISA test based on Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis recombinant antigen Ss 20 B3 (rec-ELISA), to diagnose pig mange was investigated in 15 experimentally infected and non-infected pigs and 692 commercial pigs from 16 herds in southeast Spain. These latter animals included 6–7 month old fatteners (13 herds), 11–12 month old replacement sows (1 herd) and ≥24 month old breeding sows (7 herds). All pigs were examined for mites in ear skin scrapings and the presence of S. scabiei-associated macroscopic dermatitis; moreover, fatteners were also tested for antibodies against porcine viruses including: Aujeszky disease virus (ADV), swine influenza virus (SIV), type 2 porcine circovirus (PCV2) and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV). S. scabiei and chronic hyperkeratotic dermatitis were detected in breeding sows from 6 herds. Mite prevalence in other pigs was 83% in replacement sows, 0% in 7 fattener’s herds and 3–82% in other fattener’s herds. All fattener herds had pigs with acute hypersensitivity dermatitis and the percentage of affected pigs and lesion area was significantly greater in S. scabiei infected ones. Rec-ELISA relative optical densities (RODs) were greater in older than in young pigs, as well as in infected compared to non-infected pigs. However, RODs differed significantly between infected individuals, regardless of age and origin (commercial or experimental) and the herd prevalence of S. scabiei. Low repeatability between ELISA microtiter plates, suggesting variable specific antibody binding to antigen, are likely partly responsible for ROD variation. Other potential causes of variation were examined in fatteners using random effects logistic regression analysis, after defining a seropositivity threshold value with receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The logistic model indicated that seropositivity was associated with large dermatitis areas and with the only herd with low PCV2 seroprevalence. Pigs with more extensive dermatitis may have older infections and more rec-ELISA detectable antibodies. The possibility that PCV2, a recognized immunosupressor, depresses antibody production against S. scabiei infection merits further attention. In summary, results indicate some potential of the studied rec-ELISA as a complementary tool for herd-level swine mange diagnosis, and that work to reduce internal and external sources of assay variation is essential.
Open Access
Estudio cropológico de parasitosis en gatos del área periurbana de la ciudad de Murcia y sus implicaciones zoonósicas
(2017) Muñoz, C; Ortuño, M; Ortiz, J; Risueño, J; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Bernal, A; García-Galán Pérez, Ana; Goyena Salgado, Elena
Se realizó un estudio coprológico para estimar la prevalencia y abundancia de formas parasitarias en heces de 61 gatos de la zona periurbana de Murcia (España), mayoritariamente callejeros. Tras la exploración clínica de los animales, se recogieron muestras de heces del recto que se examinaron macroscópicamente para detectar proglótidos de cestodos y nematodos adultos. Seguidamente, se analizaron con la técnica de Bailinger, examinándose a continuación la muestra mediante tres métodos: estudio del sedimento, examen del mismo con una solución de Sheather (d=1,27) y con una solución de sulfato de zinc (d = 1,) para la detección microscópica de parásitos, de forma cualitativa y cuantitativa (con recuento en cámara de McMaster). La prevalencia (IC95%) de gatos parasitados fue 59% (47-71%) y varió según la especie parasitaria, siendo 18% (8-28%) de proglótidos de Dipylidium caninum, 34% (23-46%) de huevos de Toxocara cati, 20% (10-30%) de larvas de Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, 15% (6-24%) de huevos de Ancylostomatidae, 13% (5-22%) de huevos de Taenia spp., 8% (1-15%) de huevos de Dipylidium caninum y ooquistes de Isospora rivolta y 2% (0-5%) de huevos de Trichuris spp.. La prevalencia de T. cati fue superior a la de otros parásitos excepto A. abstrusus y Ancylostomatidae, y la prevalencia de Trichuris spp. fue inferior a la de estos dos últimos y de Taenia spp. (p<0.05). Los recuentos de parásitos fueron bajos por lo general, siendo los más elevados los de T. cati (6500 huevos/g de heces) seguidos de Ancylostomatidae (2450 h/g) e I. rivolta (1400 ooquistes/g). No se observaron diferencias significativas en la prevalencia y en la abundancia de parásitos entre las técnicas microscópicas. Tampoco se asoció la parasitosis a variables demográficas ni a la presencia de signos clínicos, excepto que la prevalencia de Taenia spp. fue mayor en hembras gestantes que en otros gatos (p>0.05). El estudio demuestra una elevada prevalencia de parasitos y justifica la necesidad de mejorar su control en la población estudiada. Destaca la ausencia en las heces de los protozoos zoonósicos Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium parvum y Toxoplasma gondii que podría estar relacionado con la sensibilidad limitada de las técnicas coprológicas clásicas empleadas y también al hecho de que estos parásitos tienen un periodo de patencia limitado.
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Ectoparásitos arácnidos presentes en el ganado ovino y caprino: sarnas y garrapatas en pequeños rumiantes
(Grupo Editorial Agrícola-Henar Comunicación, 2010) Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Sanidad Animal
En el presente trabajo se hace una breve revisión de las principales ectoparasitosis ocasionadas por ácaros y garrapatas en los pequeños rumiantes. En nuestro país, las principales acarosis cutáneas son la sarna psoróptica, la sarna sarcóptica y la sarna corióptica. Además, es habitual la presencia de diferentes géneros de garrapatas en los rebaños de pequeños rumiantes, lo que debe tenerse en cuenta no solo por ser una parasitosis con un efecto directo sobre la salud y el bienestar de los animales, sino también como un factor de riesgo de transmisión de agentes patógenos víricos, bacterianos y parasitarios.
Open Access
The role of zoological centers as reservoirs of Leishmaniosis in urban áreas
(BioMed Central, 2017-04-19) Risueño, José; Muñoz, Clara; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Ortuño, María; Bernal, Luis Jesús; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Alten, Bulent; Berriatua, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés; Sanidad Animal
Background Leishmaniosis is associated with Phlebotomus sand fly vector density, but our knowledge of the environmental framework that regulates highly overdispersed vector abundance distributions is limited. We used a standardized sampling procedure in the bioclimatically diverse Murcia Region in Spain and multilevel regression models for count data to estimate P. perniciosus abundance in relation to environmental and anthropic factors. Methods Twenty-five dog and sheep premises were sampled for sand flies using adhesive and light-attraction traps, from late May to early October 2015. Temperature, relative humidity and other animal- and premise-related data recorded on site and other environmental data were extracted from digital databases using a geographical information system. The relationship between sand fly abundance and explanatory variables was analysed using binomial regression models. Results The total number of sand flies captured, mostly with light-attraction traps, was 3,644 specimens, including 80% P. perniciosus, the main L. infantum vector in Spain. Abundance varied between and within zones and was positively associated with increasing altitude from 0 to 900 m above sea level, except from 500 to 700 m where it was low. Populations peaked in July and especially during a 3-day heat wave when relative humidity and wind speed plummeted. Regression models indicated that climate and not land use or soil characteristics have the greatest impact on this species density on a large geographical scale. In contrast, micro-environmental factors such as animal building characteristics and husbandry practices affect sand fly population size on a smaller scale. Conclusions A standardised sampling procedure and statistical analysis for highly overdispersed distributions allow reliable estimation of P. perniciosus abundance and identification of environmental drivers. While climatic variables have the greatest impact at macro-environmental scale, anthropic factors may be determinant at a micro-geographical scale. These finding may be used to elaborate predictive distribution maps useful for vector and pathogen control programs.
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Spatial distribution of human asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infection in southeast Spain: a study of environmental, demographic and social risk factors
(Elsevier, 2015-03-20) Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Chitimia Dobler, Lidia; Rúa Tarín, Pilar de la; Bernal Gambín, Luis Jesús; Fisa, Roser; Riera, Cristina Ferri; Iborra Bendicho, Maria Asunción; Murcia, Laura; Segovia Hernández, Manuel; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
Recent PCR studies indicate that asymptomatic L. infantum infection is common in people in southern Europe. Understanding its spatial distribution is a requisite to evaluate the public health implications and to design disease control schemes. We investigated infection in blood samples from 657 donors in southeast Spain using PCR and antibody ELISA. They came from 19 blood centers and were interviewed about their residence, occupation, dog ownership and Leishmaniosis awareness. The percentage of PCR and ELISA positives were 8% (49/618) and 2% (13/657). Donor's residences were spatially clustered around blood donning centers and PCR prevalence was 18% in rural municipalities with 20–1330 inhabitants, 12% in those with 1467–5088 inhabitants and 3% in larger communities, and was associated with dog ownership (p < 0.05). Further analysis of data from rural donors indicated that PCR status was strongly related to the climate, altitude and soil type in the donor's residence area and not to other demographic or sociologic variables. Mixed logistic regression analysis predicted PCR prevalence to be greatest in the 200–300 m altitude range with a mean spring–summer (time of highest vector activity) temperature of 18.4–19.0 °C. A temperature and altitude risk map was generated that will provide the basis for elaborating evidence-based vector surveillance studies.
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Quantitative estimation of the impact of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection on milk production by dairy goats
(Elsevier, 2013-02-04) Martínez-Navalón, Bernardo; Peris, Cristòfol; Gómez, Ernesto A.; Peris, Bernat; Roche, María Luz; Caballero, Concepción; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
This retrospective study investigated milk production losses associated with serological evidence (serostatus) of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection over one lactation in 4543 Murciano-Granadina goats from 22 herds in Spain. The seroprevalence of infection was 18%, ranging from 0% to 2% in 11 herds, 7% to 60% in 10 herds and was 100% in one herd. Seropositive does had significantly shorter lactations, produced less milk and milk fat, lactose and dry extract and had higher somatic cell counts than their seronegative counterparts, although differences in milk production between seropositive and sero negative animals were noted between herds. Mixed regression models confirmed the association between CAEV seropositivity and reduced milk production. The adjusted, least squares mean (LSM) test-day milk yield was 10% less in seropositive com pared to seronegative does and this difference varied according to lactation number. In contrast, differ ences in the LSM of milk fat, lactose and dry extract percentages between seropositive and seronegative goats were only between 0.1% and 0.2% and did not increase with lactation number. The findings of this study provide strong evidence that CAEV-infection can be a major cause of reduction in milk yield in goats and its control should be considered as part of dairy goat herd health schemes.