García-Estañ López, Joaquín

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García-Estañ López, Joaquín

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García-Estañ López, Joaquín

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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Fisiología

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Open Access
Uso y percepción de la inteligencia artificial en estudiantes de Medicina Españoles
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2026) Cortés Fraile, Laura; Suescun Elizalde, David; García-Estañ López, Joaquín; Sin departamento asociado
Introduction: The recent emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, especially generative languagemodels, is transforming university environments and posing pedagogical, ethical, and challenges in medical education. However, few studies analyze students' experiences andperceptions in the Spanish context. Objective: To explore the use and perception of AI amongmedical students in Spanish medical schools. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study wasconducted using an anonymous online questionnaire administered to students in Spanish medicalschools (February–March 2024). Descriptive statistics of the collected variables and inferentialanalyses were performed. Open-ended responses were subjected to exploratory inductive thematicanalysis to identify recurring patterns of meaning. Results: A total of 508 students from 32 medicalschools responded to the survey (67.5% women). 73% reported using AI-based applications in theirdaily lives and 68% in their academic activities. The most frequent uses were comparing information(67.7%), preparing for exams (53.1%), and proposing solutions to tasks (51.4%). ChatGPT was themost used tool (80.8%). Although adoption was high, the perceived impact on daily life was moderate(mean 2.39/5). More than 70% expressed concern about the accuracy and quality of the informationgenerated. 81% had not received specific training, and 86% expressed a desire to receive it. Thequalitative analysis identified five main themes: the need for regulation, concern about biases, theperception of AI as a complementary tool, the demand for structured training, and the assessment ofits usefulness as explanatory support. Conclusions: Spanish medical students show a broad butcritical adoption of AI, combining frequent use with an awareness of its limitations. The high demandfor specific training suggests the need to integrate competencies related to the responsible use of AIinto medical curricula
Open Access
Evaluation of the effects of mulberry leaf extracts Morus alba L. on cardiovascular, renal, and platelet function in experimental arterial hypertension
(MDPI, 2024-12-27) Aghdam, Masoud Akbari; Pagán, Ana; García-Estañ López, Joaquín; Marín Atucha, Noemí; Fisiología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Medicina
Introduction: Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that consuming foods rich in polyphenols and flavonoids can have beneficial effects on various diseases, including arterial hypertension (HTN). Recent research from our laboratory has shown that certain flavonoids exhibit antihypertensive properties in several animal models of HTN. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of Morus alba L. (white mulberry) extracts in an experimental HTN model characterized by nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a control group, hypertensive rats treated with an NO synthesis inhibitor (L-NAME) in drinking water for six weeks, L-NAME rats treated with Morus alba L. extract, and L-NAME rats treated simultaneously with captopril. After six weeks of treatment, we measured blood pressure, endothelial vascular function in the aorta, and platelet aggregation function. Results: Morus alba L. extract partially prevented the development of arterial hypertension due to NO deficiency, although it did not completely normalize blood pressure as captopril did. The extract reduced the excessive vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine in aortic rings and improved vasodilation in response to acetylcholine, with both effects dependent on increased NO production. Morus alba L. extract also reduced the increased platelet aggregation in response to ADP and collagen in hypertensive animals, although it did not fully normalize this function. Conclusions: Morus alba L. extract demonstrates antihypertensive effects, improves vascular reactivity, and reduces platelet aggregation in a model of arterial hypertension. These effects are primarily related to an increase in nitric oxide activity.
Open Access
TRAP-induced platelet reactivity is inhibited by omega-3 fatty acid-derived prostaglandin E3 (PGE3)
(MDPI, 2024-12-16) Osete Albaladejo, José Miguel; García Candel, Faustino; Fernández Gómez, Francisco José; Blanquer Blanquer, Miguel; Marín Atucha, Noemí; García-Estañ López, Joaquín; Iyú Espinosa, David; Fisiología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Medicina
Background: Prostaglandins are naturally occurring local mediators that can participate in the modulation of the cardiovascular system through their interaction with Gs/Gi-coupled receptors in different tissues and cells, including platelets. Thrombin is one of the most important factors that regulates platelet reactivity and coagulation. Clinical trials have consistently shown that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation lowers the risk for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Since omega-3 fatty acids are the main precursors of PGE3 in vivo, it would be relevant to investigate the effects of PGE3 on Thrombin Receptor Activating Peptide (TRAP-6)-induced platelet reactivity to determine the receptors and possible mechanisms of action of these compounds. Methods: We have measured platelet aggregation, P-selectin expression, and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation to evaluate platelet reactivity induced by TRAP-6 to determine the effects of PGE3 on platelet function. Results: We assessed the ability of DG-041, a selective prostanoid EP3 receptor antagonist, and of ONO-AE3-208, a selective prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist, to modify the effects of PGE3. PGE3 inhibited TRAP-6-induced platelet aggregation and activation. This inhibition was enhanced in the presence of a Gi-coupled EP3 receptor antagonist and abolished in the presence of a Gs-coupled EP4 receptor antagonist. The effects of PGE3 were directly related to changes in cAMP, assessed by VASP phosphorylation. Conclusions: The general effects of PGE3 on human platelet reactivity are the consequence of a balance between activatory and inhibitory effects at receptors that have contrary effects on adenylate cyclase. These results indicate a potential mechanism by which omega-3 fatty acids underlie cardioprotective effects.
Open Access
Eﬀects of flavonoids in experimental models of arterial hypertension
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2021-08-12) Marín Atucha, Noemí; Romecín, Paola; Vargas, Félix; García-Estañ López, Joaquín; Fisiología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Medicina
Flavonoids are a class of substances of a vegetal origin with many interesting actions from the point of view of human disease. Interest in ﬂavonoids in the diet has increased in recent years due to the publication of basic, clinical and epidemiological studies that have shown a whole array of salutary eﬀects related to intake of ﬂavonols and ﬂavones as well as a lower morbility and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Since arterial hypertension is the most common modiﬁable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, this review will focus mainly on the eﬀects of ﬂavonoids on the cardiovascular system with relation to the elevation of blood pressure. Its antihypertensive eﬀects as well as the many investigations performed in experimental models of arterial hypertension, are reviewed in this mini-review.
Open Access
La lección silenciosa: confrontar el currículo oculto en la formación médica
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2026) García-Estañ López, Joaquín; Fisiología
Abstract. The hidden curriculum in medical training comprises the set of unwritten norms, values,and practices that students learn in clinical settings and that frequently clash with the formalprinciples taught in the classroom. We analyze how this curriculum transmits informalcompetencies related to emotional suppression, hierarchical obedience, and the normalization ofphysical self-sacrifice, shaping professional identities that can erode empathy, compromise patientsafety, and contribute to burnout. The dissonance between institutional discourse and dailypractice is examined as a source of cynicism and a loss of vocational idealism. Finally, the articleproposes making the hidden curriculum visible through structured spaces for reflection, consciousmodeling by clinical educators, and alignment between stated values and observable behaviors,with the aim of transforming this phenomenon into a reinforcement of ethical culture andprofessional well-being.
Open Access
Platelet function and microvesicle generation in patients with hemophilia A
(Wiley, 2021-01-19) Melero Amor, Antonia; Romecín, Paola; Iyú Espinosa, David; García Bernal, David; García Navaro, Esther; Moraleda Jiménez, José María; García-Estañ López, Joaquín; García Candel, Faustino; Marín Atucha, Noemí; Fisiología
Our results do not support any effect of FVIII on platelet function in patients with severe HA treated under the regime of prophylaxis