Pina, David

Person:
Pina, David

Name

Pina, David

publication.page.department

Psiquiatría y Psicología Social

Full item page

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 43

Open Access
Prevalence of Symptom Overreporting in the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) in Clinical Patients: A Meta- Analysis
(2024-10-03) Puente López, Esteban; Pina, David; Dandachi-FitzGerald, Brechje; Giromini, Luciano; López Nicolás, Rubén; Nieto Cañaveras, María Dolores; Merten, Thomas; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Antecedentes: Los fallos en las pruebas de validez de síntomas (puntuar por encima del punto de corte establecido) pueden producirse en diversos contextos y situaciones, incluidos los entornos clínicos rutinarios. Hasta la fecha, ningún metaanálisis se ha centrado en la tasa de fallos del Inventario Estructurado de Simulación de Síntomas (SIMS) en evaluaciones clínicas. Método: Se realizó un meta-análisis de efectos aleatorios binomial-normal para estimar la tasa de fallos combinada del SIMS entre pacientes con un diagnóstico clínico que fueron evaluados en un entorno no forense. Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 estudios y 40 muestras (n = 8844). La puntuación media total del SIMS fue de 15.9 (DE = 5.2). La tasa global estimada de fallo de la SIMS fue del 36% (IC del 95%: 30%-43%; I2 = 96.6%, p < .001). Conclusiones: Existe una elevada tasa de fallo en el SIMS en poblaciones de pacientes clínicos; sin embargo, estos resultados positivos no son necesariamente falsos positivos. El reto metodológico de diferenciar los verdaderos de los falsos positivos es vital y debería dictar tanto la planificación cuidadosa de futuros estudios como la circunspección en la interpretación de las tasas de fallo de las pruebas de validez en las evaluaciones clínicas
Open Access
Euthanasia Attitudes Questionnaire in Medical Personnel (AHE-PM)
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023-04-01) Pina, David; Puente López, Esteban; Luna Ruiz-Cabello, Aurelio; Luna Maldonado, Aurelio; Haro Kay, María José; Lorente Sánchez, Mauricio; Gamero Lucas, Joaquín; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
The right to die is an international dilemma. Some countries and states already have laws regulating one of the most common applications of this right, the active voluntary euthanasia. The evidence from these countries highlights the importance of a bioethical framework to limit some of its applications. In this regard, the evaluation of attitudes towards euthanasia in medical personnel will allow to understand the attitudes of these professionals and how they can deal with such requests, whether this assisted death is decided by the patients or their surroundings. Consequently, the aim of this study was to develop a brief scale to evaluate attitudes, as well as to determine their significance according to the gender and seniority of the professionals in this situation. A double design strategy was followed. On the one hand, a psychometric design with an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and, on the other, a descriptive analytical design for the comparison of groups. A six-item scale (AE-PM) and two factors were extracted. The first focuses on attitudes towards euthanasia to alleviate suffering for medical reasons and the second one to alleviate the patient's emotional suffering. The scale (AHE-PM) is useful for the rapid exploration of attitudes towards euthanasia in physicians, a professional group with limited free time, who may also encounter relatively frequent requests for active voluntary euthanasia. The two factors obtained allow attitudes to be assessed from a bioethical perspective, providing information on the application under apparent medical justification and in situations based on the patient's subjective emotional suffering.The scale (AHE-PM) is useful for the rapid exploration of attitudes towards euthanasia in physicians, a professional group with limited free time, who may also encounter relatively frequent requests for active voluntary euthanasia. The two factors obtained allow attitudes to be assessed from a bioethical perspective, providing information on the application under apparent medical justification and in situations based on the patient’s subjective emotional suffering. ---------------------
Open Access
User violence in mental health services: adaptation of an instrument. Healthcare-workers’ aggressive behavior scale-users-mental health version (HABS-U-MH)
(Public Library of Science, 2019-03-04) Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Sánchez Muñoz, María; Jiménez Barbero, José Antonio; Galían Muñoz, Inmaculada; Llor Esteban, Bartolomé; Llor Zaragoza, Laura; Pina, David; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Background/Objetive According to the World Health Organization, one out of every four violent workplace acts takes place in the health setting. The aims of the study are to adapt the Healthcare-workers’ Aggressive Behavior Scale-Users (HABS-U) to mental health professionals, to establish the frequency of exposure to hostile indicators and to determine which professional group is most exposed. Method Study through qualitative and quantitative methodology in MH professionals of the Region of Murcia (Spain). In the qualitative phase, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted, and during the quantitative phase, the instrument was applied to 359 professionals of Mental Health Services (MHS). Results Non-medical and nursing staff were found to be the professional group most exposed, as well as Brief Psychiatric Inpatient and Medium-Stay Inpatient Services. Conclusion The resulting scale shows excellent psychometric properties. The distribution of user violence is not homogeneous among the different professional groups of MHS. The adaptation of the scale may be useful to detect user violence, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of intervention programs.
Open Access
User violence in public mental health services. Comparative analysis of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2020-07-19) Pina, David; Llor Zaragoza, Paloma; Puente López, Esteban; Egea Fuentes, Ángela; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Llor Esteban, Bartolomé; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Background: User violence toward health workers is a growing problem. Several studies report that it is increasing and there is also an increase in the number of complaints by these professionals. Within the health system, Mental Health services have been identified as a collective at special risk. Aims: This study aims to examine in greater depth the differences in perceived user violence against health professionals, as well as its consequences, comparing two large groups: psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, self-reported questionnaires were applied to a sample of 138 professionals from all the public centers in the Region of Murcia (southwest of Spain) that have a Mental Health Unit. Results: The results show that psychiatrists are significantly more exposed to user violence, both verbal and physical, revealing a relationship with job dissatisfaction, emotional exhaustion, professional effectiveness, and cynicism. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence on the differences in the perception of violence of users towards psychologists and psychiatrists, being those who show that they claim to be more exposed. Furthermore, this violence is associated with burnout, job dissatisfaction, somatic symptoms, anxiety, or depression, among other consequences.
Restricted
Effectiveness of multifamily therapy for adolescent disruptive behavior in a public institution: a randomized clinical trial
(Elsevier, 2020-07-27) Pina, David; Pérez García, María del Carmen; Sempere Pérez, Javier; Rodado Martínez, Juan Vicente; Llor Esteban, Bartolomé; Jiménez Barbero, José Antonio; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Introduction Behavioral problems in adolescents are one of the most common reasons for mental health care. Although some reviews support the effectiveness of group interventions, there is little work that demonstrates the efficacy and/or effectiveness of an integrative model similar to that of multifamily group therapy (MFT). Objective To compare the effectiveness of multifamily group therapy (MFT) with individual therapy as usual (TAU) in an outpatient medium. Method A randomized clinical trial was conducted on a sample of 75 adolescents aged 12–15 years of age from incident cases at a Mental Health Center in southeastern Spain. The Youth Self Report was used to measure problematic, externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Scores were recorded in baseline, at 6 months and one year, and differences were analyzed using multivariate analysis (MANOVA). Results The Group X Time analysis showed no significant differences between the two interventions at 6 months and one year of the intervention. However, the analysis of main factors appears to show greater TAU efficacy in Externalizing Behavior as a whole, as well as particularly in Verbal Aggression and Depression, whereas MFT shows greater efficacy in Internalizing Behavior. Conclusions Multifamily individual and group therapy are effective in reducing adolescent behavioral problems, albeit with certain differential aspects. Therefore, the two interventions are complementary, so receiving both treatments would be an added benefit for the adolescent compared to receiving a single form of treatment, as other works suggest.
Restricted
Rating criteria of the causal nexus in Whiplash Associated Disorders: a study of interrater reliability
(Elsevier, 2020-06-21) Pina, David; Represas Vázquez, Carlos; Puente López, Esteban; Luna Maldonado, Aurelio; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Llor Esteban, Bartolomé; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Introduction The diagnosis of Whiplash Associated Disorders is subject to various criteria, some of a subjective nature, which impedes a high percentage of agreement among raters of the causal nexus. It is necessary to develop an evidence-based methodology to maximize the uniformity of this diagnosis. Our objective is to assess the interrater reliability of four experts in legal medicine who establish the causal nexus of traffic accident patients. Material and method 300 traffic accident patients evaluated by 4 legal medicine experts. They conducted two ratings, one without and one with a study of the biomechanics of the accident. The degree of concordance of the ratings was studied by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the concordance index (CI). Results The results of both the intraclass correlation coefficient and the concordance index of the rating prior to the biomechanical study of the injury yield moderate-high values (ICC=.70; CI=.60). Likewise, the values observed in the rating with the study of biomechanics also indicate moderate-high agreement (ICC=.78, CI=.67). Conclusions The study of biomechanics slightly improves concordance. However, the aforementioned study does not help to reduce the proportion of doubtful cases and the levels of improvement are not acceptable. There are significant differences between the classifications, suggesting that the proposed valuation methodology is not uniform enough to reach a consensus. -------------
Open Access
Assessment of Non-physical User Violence and Burnout in Primary Health Care Professionals. The Modulating Role of Job Satisfaction
(Frontiers Media, 2022-02-04) Pina, David; Llor Zaragoza, Paloma; López López, Reyes; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Puente López, Esteban; Galián Munoz, Inmaculada; Martínez Jarreta, Begoña; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Introduction: Growing concern about workplace violence shows the need for an evaluation in specific contexts in order to identify the particularities of each professional group. The health sector consists of a group of professionals with high exposure to violence, specially from users. There are differences depending on the professional category or unit in which the professional works. In this regard, Primary Health Care (PHC) is characterized by a personalized and continuous patient treatment over time, which is not exempt from cases of violence. Among the commonly studied consequences of these situations are decreases in job satisfaction and burnout.Objective: The main objective of this study is to analyze the modulating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between non-physical user violence and the onset of burnout.Methods: Cross-sectional comparative descriptive design. The sample consisted of 574 professionals from 39 PHC centers of the Murcian Health Service. Data were collected using two-stage cluster sampling. For data analysis, descriptive analysis, correlations and stepwise hierarchical regression were used to analyze the interaction between the variables.Results: Regression analysis draws a model where non-physical violence and low intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction act as modulators of non-physical violence, cynicism and emotional exhaustion.Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the psychological consequences of the perception of user violence in the PHC staff. Furthermore, it is evident that the emergence of burnout syndrome in these professionals is related to exposure to verbal or non-physical violence together with low job satisfaction. In this sense, a circular and bidirectional relationship between the variables studied is proposed as a possible explanatory model.
Open Access
User violence prevention and intervention measures to minimize and prevent aggression towards health care workers: A systematic review
(Cell Press, 2023-09-01) Pina, David; López Ros, Paloma; López López, Reyes; Puente López, Esteban; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Workplace violence in the health care setting is a social problem of great interest both at the health care level and in research in recent decades. The most common type of violence is the one coming from the user towards the professional. Although the bibliography includes multiple preventive actions focused on working with professionals, there are hardly any studies that explore and collect actions aimed at the user. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of the literature to provide an overview of the current evidence. Specifically, it aims to describe the various user-directed strategies or interventions aimed at reducing workplace violence experienced by professionals within the healthcare sector. A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), methodology of publications published up to December 2022 in the main databases. Studies that met the previously established eligibility criteria were identified. A peer review of the risk of bias was performed and the data were extracted from a previously elaborated template. The search yielded 5231 articles of which 11 were finally included in the review. Of these, 3 had a quantitative design, 7 had a qualitative design and one had a combined design. Of these, 38 measures or actions aimed at the user were compiled, grouped into four blocks according to the attitudinal objective pursued: Improvement of communication and creation of links, involvement of the user in joint decisions with the staff, informing and training the user, and other independent proposals. This study makes it possible to explore actions aimed at users with the objective of reducing violence towards health professionals. It collects and makes available to the scientific community a set of measures aimed at making a change of attitude in the perpetrator themselves, with the involvement of the perpetrator in the health system. This set of collected measures provides researchers with a basis to be taken into account for the implementation of future prevention plans according to the new multicomponent prevention models and with the involvement of the perpetrator themselves.
Open Access
Evaluation of School Climate Behaviors in the School Context: CONVIVE Questionnaire
(SAGE Publications, 2021-03-05) Pina, David; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Ruiz Fernández, Carmen María; Llor Zaragoza, Laura; Pagán Escribano, María; Jiménez Barbero, José Antonio; Puente López, Esteban; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
School climate research has traditionally been carried out by separating its two main components, prosocial and antisocial behaviors. This is often a partial view of the school climate. Hence, the goal of this study is to develop an evaluation instrument (CONVIVE) that takes into account both perspectives of the school climate through a dual-strategy design, psychometric and non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive-comparative. The sample includes 600 Primary and Secondary Education students from a southeastern region of Spain. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factorial Analysis fit indices were used for the psychometric study. The result is a 26-item instrument (CONVIVE) made up of four scales that evaluate antisocial and prosocial behaviors, both performed toward others and received by peers: Prosocial Behavior Actor, Prosocial Behavior Receiver, Antisocial Behavior Actor, and Antisocial Behavior Receiver. These behaviors differ as a function of sex and the educational stage.
Restricted
Perception of sex in the attitude-behavior relationship in school violence. A qualitative study
(Elsevier, 2022-06-03) Pina, David; Marín Talón, María Catalina; Pagán Escribano, María; Cormos, Lucía Simina; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Godoy Fernández, Carmen; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
School violence is currently a focus of social alarm that generates special interest in research, given its significant impact on the personal, social, school and family environments of children and adolescents. With regard to the prevention and intervention of this social phenomenon, the study of attitudes associated with violent behavior in the school context has been described as an important variable. This study aims to explore attitudes towards school violence, associated behaviors and the influence that the perceived sex could have on this relationship. The sample studied consists of 96 participants from Spanish Elementary Education and Compulsory Secondary Education schools. Through focus groups and thematic analysis of the data, a qualitative study of attitudes associated with violent behavior due to sex is carried out. Seven groups of attitudes were identified: a) associated with gender stereotypes; b) towards Intimate partner violence; c) as a form of attraction; d) as a way to socialize; e) as a way to increase self-esteem; f) as a form of fun, and g) when it is perceived as legitimate. These results could serve as a basis for the creation of evaluation instruments, as well as for the design of prevention and psychological intervention plans based on attitude modification.