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Guillén Martínez, Ascensión

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Guillén Martínez, Ascensión
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Atención Sociosanitaria
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  • Publication
    Open Access
    Technology-Facilitated Online Sexual Violence, Consent Negotiation, and Coping Among AdultWomen: A Qualitative Study
    (MDPI, 2026-03-27) Martínez Díaz, Azucena; López Barranco, Pedro José; Guillén Martínez, Ascensión; Pérez Franco, Isabel María; Leal Costa, César; Jiménez Ruiz, Ismael; Cayuela Fuentes, Pedro Simón; Segura López, Gabriel; Enfermería
    Background/Objectives: Online sexual violence is an increasingly prevalent form of genderbased harm facilitated by digital technologies, with significant consequences for the health, well-being, and rights of adult women. Despite growing attention to this phenomenon, women’s lived experiences remain underexplored, particularly regarding sexual consent and institutional responses. This study aimed to examine how adult women experience online sexual violence, how consent is negotiated or constrained in digital contexts, and how coping and institutional mechanisms are perceived. Methods: A qualitative study with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach was conducted. Data were collected through three focus groups with 23 women aged 21 to 42 years who were active users of social media. Results: Participants reported diverse forms of online sexual violence, including unsolicited sexual messages and images, persistent harassment, coercion, blackmail, and threats. Sexual consent was often undermined by emotional manipulation, social pressure, and fear, placing women in vulnerable positions. These experiences negatively affected well-being, contributing to anxiety, reduced self-esteem, fear, and difficulties in sexual and emotional relationships. Coping strategies were mainly individual, such as blocking perpetrators or reporting content, while social support was frequently perceived as insufficient. A generalized distrust of institutional responses emerged, with formal mechanisms viewed as ineffective or inaccessible. Conclusions: For the study participants, online sexual violence is increasingly normalized and concealed within digital environments, reinforced by anonymity and impunity. The findings highlight the need for continued research and the development of interventions that include early sexual and emotional education, awareness-raising initiatives, digital regulation, specialized professional training, and the strengthening of victim-centered support networks.
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Comunicaciones Póster.-Identification of lactadherin in the porcine oviductal secretion
    (2020-06-03) Acuña, O.S.; Jara, L.; Soriano-Úbeda, C.; Algarra-Oñate, B.; López Albors, Octavio Miguel; Guillén Martínez, Ascensión; Izquierdo Rico, María José; Avilés Sánchez, Manuel; Moros Nicolás, Carla; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Biología Celular e Histología; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Fisiología; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Estudio de las proteínas haptoblobina y lactadherina en el oviducto porcino y su participación en los eventos reproductivos
    (Universidad de Murcia, 2018-07-27) Guillén Martínez, Ascensión; Avilés Sánchez, Manuel; Izquierdo Rico, María José; Moros Nicolás, Carla; Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
    Diversas investigaciones han documentado la importancia de las secreciones del oviducto para el desarrollo óptimo del complejo proceso de la fecundación, el cual tiene lugar en esta región del aparato reproductor. En el fluido oviductal se han descrito diferentes proteínas y moléculas que participan en procesos esenciales relacionados con la correcta fisiología de gametos y embriones. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar la presencia en el oviducto porcino de dos proteínas concretas y su participación en diferentes eventos reproductivos. Una es la proteína Haptoglobina (Hp), la cual se expresa en diferentes tejidos con diversas funciones, algunas relacionadas con la fecundación de mamíferos. La otra proteína es lactadherina y entre sus distintas localizaciones y funciones está su secreción epididimal y su participación en la unión óvulo/espermatozoide. Respecto a la proteína Hp, el análisis de su expresión en diferentes fases del ciclo estral a través de la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa mediante Transcripción Reversa (RT-PCR) en tiempo real, mostró una expresión continua durante el ciclo, con un aumento en la fase luteal tardía respecto a la fase folicular tardía. Esto sugiere una transcripción de Hp dependiente de progesterona. Mediante un análisis proteómico detectamos 17 péptidos diferentes en el fluido oviductal porcino (FOP) en estas dos fases y el Western-blot mostró un peso molecular de la proteína de 45kDa aproximadamente. Los ensayos inmunohistoquímicos para la detección de Hp mostraron una tinción intensa en la región apical de las células del epitelio oviductal, sugiriendo su secreción a este nivel. En los análisis mediante fecundación in vitro (FIV) con esta proteína se observó una disminución significativa en el porcentaje de penetración, el número de espermatozoides unidos a la zona pelúcida (ZP) y el número de pronúcleos, sugiriendo una posible interacción con los gametos. Respecto a la proteína lactadherina, está descrita su secreción en diversos tejidos mediante exosomas, incluido el epidídimo porcino, donde la proteína se adhiere al espermatozoide y participa en la unión a la ZP del óvulo. Se conocía su expresión en el útero, aunque no en el oviducto porcino. En este estudio detectamos el ARNm para la proteína lactadherina en dos regiones del oviducto (ampolla e istmo). Se realizó un análisis comparativo mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real de los niveles de expresión de lactadherina en estas dos regiones y en diferentes fases del ciclo (folicular temprana, folicular tardía, luteal temprana y luteal tardía). Se confirmó la expresión en ambas regiones oviductales y a lo largo del ciclo, aunque no hubo diferencias entre ellas. El estudio proteómico del FOP en estas fases detectó un péptido solo en fase folicular temprana, aunque el Western-blot mostró una doble banda de 40 y 47 kDa en todas las fases. Al recortar y analizar estas dos bandas en un gel con FOP en fase folicular temprana, el análisis proteómico detectó un segundo péptido en la banda de 47 kDa. Este hecho parece indicar una presencia minoritaria de la proteína en el oviducto. Para conocer el efecto de la proteína lactadherina en el sistema de FIV porcino, se incubaron por separado ovocitos y espermatozoides con la proteína de forma previa a la FIV. Se observó una disminución significativa en el porcentaje de penetración, en el número medio de espermatozoides por ovocito, en la unión de espermatozoides a la ZP y el correspondiente aumento de la monospermia. Nuestro estudio confirma la presencia de las proteínas Hp y lactadherina en el FOP, pero es necesario seguir investigando para determinar la viabilidad de usarlas en el medio de FIV como mejora del rendimiento del sistema porcino.Several investigations have documented the importance of oviduct secretions for the optimal development of the complex process of fertilization, which takes place in this region of the reproductive system. In the oviductal fluid, several proteins and molecules have been described as participants in the essential processes related to the correct physiological development of gametes and embryos. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the presence of two specific proteins in the porcine oviduct and their participation in different reproductive events. One is the protein Haptoglobin (Hp), which has different functions depending on the tissue in which it is expressed, some related to the fertilization of mammals. The other protein is lactadherin, among whose different locations and functions are epididymal secretion and participation in the ovule/sperm union. As regards Haptoglobin, analysis of its expression in different phases of the oestrous cycle by real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) appointed to its continuous expression during the cycle, with an increase in the late luteal phase with respect to levels in the late follicular phase. This suggests a transcription of progesterone-dependent Hp. Through proteomic analysis 17 different peptides were detected in the porcine oviductal fluid (POF) in these two phases and Western-blot showed the molecular weight of the protein to be approximately 45 kDa. Immunohistochemical assays for the detection of Hp showed an intense staining in the apical region of oviductal epithelial cells, ehich suggests that it is secreted at this level. Analysis of this protein by means of in vitro fertilization (IVF) assays showed a significant decrease in the percentage of penetration, the number of sperm attached to the zona pellucida (ZP) and the number of pronuclei, suggesting interaction with the gametes. As regards lactadherin, its secretion by exosomes has been observed in various tissues, including the porcine epididymis, where the protein adheres to the sperm and participates in the binding to the egg ZP. Its expression in the uterus was known, but not in the porcine oviduct. In this study the mRNA for the lactadherin protein was detected in two regions of the oviduct (ampulla and isthmus). A comparative analysis by RT-PCR of the levels of lactadherin expression in these two regions and in different phases of the cycle (early and late follicular, early and late luteal) confirmed its expression in both oviductal regions and throughout the cycle, with no differences between regions and phases. Proteomic analysis of the POF detected one peptide only in the early follicular phase, although the Western-blot showed a double band of 40 and 47 kDa in all phases. By trimming and analyzing these two bands in a gel in the early follicular phase of POF, the proteomic analysis detected a second peptide in the 47 kDa band, which suggests a minor presence of the protein in the oviduct. To know the effect of the lactadherin protein in the porcine IVF system, oocytes and sperm were separately incubated with the protein prior to IVF. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of penetration, in the average number of spermatozoa per oocyte, in the union of spermatozoa to the ZP and the corresponding increase in monospermy. Our study confirms the presence of Hp and lactadherin proteins in FOP, but further research is necessary to determine the feasibility of using them in the IVF environment to improve the performance of the porcine system.
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Analysis of ZP1 gene reveals differences in zona pellucida composition in carnivores
    (2017) Leza, A.; Chevret, P.; González-Brusi, L.; López-Béjar, M.; Ballesta, J.; Izquierdo Rico, María José; Avilés Sánchez, Manuel; Moros Nicolás, Carla; Guillén Martínez, Ascensión; Biología Celular e Histología
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Evidence of haptoglobin in the porcine female genital tract during oestrous cycle and its effect on in vitro embryo production
    (2021) García-Vázquez, Francisco A.; López-Úbeda, Rebeca; Rodríguez-Tobón, Ernesto; Ross, Jason W.; Luongo, Chiara; Matás, Carmen; Hernández-Caravaca, Ivan; Guillén Martínez, Ascensión; Izquierdo Rico, María José; Avilés Sánchez, Manuel; Moros Nicolás, Carla; Biología Celular e Histología