Morte Gómez, María Asunción

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Morte Gómez, María Asunción

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Morte Gómez, María Asunción

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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Vegetal

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Open Access
Ultrastructure of the mycorrhiza formed by Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters (Cupressaceae)
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2004) Honrubia García, Mario; Morte Gómez, María Asunción; Biología Vegetal; Facultad de Biología
The structural organisation of the endomycorrhiza in naturally infected seedlings and micropropagated and Glomus inoculated plants of Te- traclinis articulata was studied by means of light and electron micros- copy. Hyphal spread from cell to cell in the host root was entirely inter- cellular. Intracellular hyphae crossing through the host walls were ne- ver observed. This could be favoured by the presence of numerous wall swellings at the contacting area among cell walls which are cha- racteristic of T. articulata roots. These wall swellings could impede the crossing of the hyphae. The reduced interfacial region between both symbionts was observed with a fibrillar material in contact with the hyphal wall and, in some cases, in contact with the host plamalemma, although sometimes this region was occupied by small vesicles. The increase of the cytoplasmic organules both in the host cell and intrace- llular hyphae, during the arbuscular phase, indicated an increase of the metabolic activity of both symbionts. The membrane formations, gene- rally referred to as plasmalemmasomes, appeared in the arbuscular interfacial zone and in the cytoplasm of the arbuscular hyphae. This is a typical arbuscular mycorrhiza.
Open Access
The crop of desert truffle depends on agroclimatic parameters during two key annual periods
(Springer, 2019-11-09) Andrino, Alberto; Navarro-Ródenas, Alfonso; Marqués Gálvez, José Eduardo; Morte Gómez, María Asunción; Biología Vegetal
Desert truffles have become an alternative agricultural crop in semiarid areas of the Iberian Peninsula due to their much appreciated edible value and their low water requirements for cultivation. Although most studies related to desert truffle production point to the sole importance of precipitation, this work is the first systematic study carried out to characterize whether other important agroclimatic parameters, for example reference evapotranspiration, soil water potential, relative air humidity %, aridity index or air vapour pressure deficit, may have an impact on a desert truffle production in an orchard with mycorrhizal plants of Helianthemum almeriense × Terfezia claveryi for 15 years from the plantation. The results show for the first time that T. claveryi production has two key periods, during its annual cycle: autumn (September to October) and spring (end of March). The aridity index and soil water potential seem to be the most manageable parameters in the field and can be easily controlled by applying irrigation during the abovementioned periods. Agroclimatic parameters can influence the final crop a long time before the desert truffle fruiting season contrary to what happens with other edible mycorrhizal mushrooms. Four different models to manage desert truffle plantations are proposed based on these agroclimatic parameters in order to optimize and stabilize carpophore fructifications over the years.
Open Access
Purification and characterization of Terfezia claveryi TcCAT-1, a desert truffle catalase upregulated in mycorrhizal symbiosis
(Public Library of Science, 2019-07-10) Marqués Gálvez, José Eduardo; Morte Gómez, María Asunción; Navarro Ródenas, Alfonso; Pérez Gilabert, Manuela; García Carmona, Francisco; Biología Vegetal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Biología
Terfezia claveryi Chatin is a mycorrhizal fungus that forms ectendomycorrhizal associations with plants of Helianthemum genus. Its appreciated edibility and drought resistance make this fungus a potential alternative crop in arid and semiarid areas of the Mediterranean region. In order to increase the knowledge about the biology of this fungus in terms of mycorrhiza formation and response to drought stress, a catalase from T. claveryi (TcCAT-1) has been purified to apparent homogeneity and biochemically characterized; in addition, the expression pattern of this enzyme during different stages of T. claveryi biological cycle and under drought stress conditions are reported. The results obtained, together with the phylogenetic analysis and homology modeling, indicate that TcCAT-1 is a homotetramer large subunit size monofunctional-heme catalase belonging to Clade 2. The highest expression of this enzyme occurs in mature mycorrhiza, revealing a possible role in mycorrhiza colonization, but it is not upregulated under drought stress. However, the H2O2 content of mycorrhizal plants submitted to drought stress is lower than in well watered treatments, suggesting that mycorrhization improves the plant’s oxidative stress response, although not via TcCAT-1 upregulation.
Open Access
Spring stomatal response to vapor pressure deficit as a marker for desert truffle fruiting
(2020) Navarro-Ródenas, Alfonso; Marqués Gálvez, José Eduardo; Morte Gómez, María Asunción; Biología Vegetal
The cultivation of desert truffle Terfezia claveryi using Helianthemum almeriense as a host plant has recently become a solid alternative crop in the Mediterranean region due to its adaptation to arid and semiarid ecosystems, which are expected to increase during the following years because of climate change. However, management models are still being developed in order to improve and stabilize the production, which varies greatly from one year to another. According to gatherers and farmers, one of the key factors for desert truffle production is the plant phenology in spring, which, in turn, depends on environmental conditions. In this manuscript, we have characterized the physiological, morphological, and molecular responses of the mycorrhizal plants in spring, coinciding with the fructification period of the plant and fungal species. Thanks to this characterization, a sigmoidal relationship between stomatal conductance and vapor pressure deficit (VPD)was found,which can be used as amarker of plant phenological switch. In order to confirmthat this phenology status is related to desert truffle fructification, this marker has been successfully correlated to total truffle production. The results of this manuscript suppose a big step forward that will help to develop management models for the desert truffle crop.
Open Access
Caracterización y cultivo de tres cepas de Pleurotus eryngii (Fries) Quélet sobre sustratos basados en residuos agroalimentarios
(Murcia : Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2011) Andrino, Alberto; Honrubia García, Mario; Morte Gómez, María Asunción
Pleurotus eryngii (Fr.) Quél, conocida como seta de cardo, es un excelente comestible que pertenece al grupo de hongos de la pudrición blanca. Gracias a su versátil complejo enzimático lignocelulósico, se conocen diversas aplicaciones biotecnológicas y medicinales de esta especie de basidiomiceto. El objetivo de este trabajo se ha centrado en mejorar la producción de la misma. Se han caracterizado los óptimos de crecimiento miceliares de dos cepas silvestres de seta de cardo en medio sólido y líquido. Se evaluó la productividad de tres cepas de seta de cardo sobre diversos residuos agroalimentarios (cascarilla de arroz, paja de trigo, aserrines y bagazo) con el fin de conocer la viabilidad de los mismos para producción de basidiomas. El bagazo, subproducto de la fabricación de la cerveza, se ha usado por primera vez en el cultivo de P. eryngii, resultando ser el sustrato más efectivo donde fructificaron las tres cepas.
Open Access
Beneficial native bacteria improve survival and mycorrhization of desert truffle mycorrhizal plants in nursery conditions
(Springer, 2016-06-04) Navarro-Ródenas, Alfonso; Berná Amorós, Luis Miguel; Lozano-Carrillo, Cecilia; Andrino, Alberto; Morte Gómez, María Asunción; Biología Vegetal
Sixty-four native bacterial colonies were isolated from mycorrhizal roots of Helianthemum almeriense colonized by Terfezia claveryi, mycorrhizosphere soil, and peridium of T. claveryi to evaluate their effect on mycorrhizal plant production. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA partial sequence, 45 different strains from 17 genera were gathered. The largest genera were Pseudomonas (40.8 % of the isolated strains), Bacillus (12.2 % of isolated strains), and Varivorax (8.2 % of isolated strains). All the bacteria were characterized phenotypically and by their plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) traits (auxin and siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and ACC deaminase activity). Only bacterial combinations with several PGPR traits or Pseudomonas sp. strain 5, which presents three different PGPR traits, had a positive effect on plant survival and growth. Particularly relevant were the bacterial treatments involving auxin release, which significantly increased the root-shoot ratio and mycorrhizal colonization. Moreover, Pseudomonas mandelii strain 29 was able to considerably increase mycorrhizal colonization but not plant growth, and could be considered as mycorrhiza-helper bacteria. Therefore, the mycorrhizal roots, mycorrhizosphere soil, and peridium of desert truffles are environments enriched in bacteria which may be used to increase the survival and mycorrhization in the desert truffle plant production system at a semi-industrial scale.
Open Access
Elevated atmospheric CO 2 modifies responses to water-stress and flowering of Mediterranean desert truffle mycorrhizal shrubs
(2020) Navarro-Ródenas, Alfonso; Peguero-Pina, José Javier; Luigi Guarnizo, Angel; Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Arenas Jiménez, Francisco; Marqués Gálvez, José Eduardo; Morte Gómez, María Asunción; Biología Vegetal
Predicted increases in atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) coupled with increased temperatures and drought are expected to strongly influence the development of most of the plant species in the world, espe- cially in areas with high risk of desertification like the Mediterranean basin. Helianthemum almeriense is an ecologically important Mediterranean shrub with an added interest because it serves as the host for the Terfezia cla- veryi mycorrhizal fungus, which is a desert truffle with increasingly commer- cial interest. Although both plant and fungi are known to be well adapted to dry conditions, it is still uncertain how the increase in atmospheric CO2 will influence them. In this article we have addressed the physiological responses of H. almeriense × T. claveryi mycorrhizal plants to increases in atmospheric CO2 coupled with drought and high vapor pressure deficit. This work reports one of the few estimations of mesophyll conductance in a drought deciduous Mediterranean shrub and evaluates its role in photosyn- thesis limitation. High atmospheric CO2 concentrations help desert truffle mycorrhizal plants to cope with the adverse effects of progressive drought during Mediterranean springs by improving carbon net assimilation, intrinsic water use efficiency and dispersal of the species through increased flowering events
Open Access
Desert truffle genomes reveal their reproductive modes and new insights into plant–fungal interaction and ectendomycorrhizal lifestyle
(Wiley, 2020-10-28) Marqués Gálvez, José Eduardo; Miyauchi, Shingo; Paolocci, Francesco; Navarro Ródenas, Alfonso; Arenas Jiménez, Francisco; Pérez Gilabert, Manuela; Morin, Emmanuelle; Auer, Lucas; Barry, Kerrie W.; Kuo, alan; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Martin, Francis M.; Kohler, Annegret; Morte Gómez, María Asunción; Biología Vegetal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Biología
Desert truffles are edible hypogeous fungi forming ectendomycorrhizal symbiosis with plants of Cistaceae family. Knowledge about the reproductive modes of these fungi and the molecular mechanisms driving the ectendomycorrhizal interaction is lacking. Genomes of the highly appreciated edible desert truffles Terfezia claveryi Chatin and Tirmania nivea Trappe have been sequenced and compared with other Pezizomycetes. Transcriptomes of T. claveryi × Helianthemum almeriense mycorrhiza from well-watered and drought-stressed plants, when intracellular colonizations is promoted, were investigated. We have identified the fungal genes related to sexual reproduction in desert truffles and desert-truffles-specific genomic and secretomic features with respect to other Pezizomycetes, such as the expansion of a large set of gene families with unknown Pfam domains and a number of species or desert-truffle-specific small secreted proteins differentially regulated in symbiosis. A core set of plant genes, including carbohydrate, lipid-metabolism, and defence-related genes, differentially expressed in mycorrhiza under both conditions was found. Our results highlight the singularities of desert truffles with respect to other mycorrhizal fungi while providing a first glimpse on plant and fungal determinants involved in ecto to endo symbiotic switch that occurs in desert truffle under dry conditions.
Open Access
Mycelium of Terfezia claveryi as inoculum source to produce desert truffle mycorrhizal plants
(Springer, 2018-09-20) Navarro-Ródenas, Alfonso; Chávez, Daniel; Gutiérrez, Almudena; Arenas Jiménez, Francisco; Morte Gómez, María Asunción; Pérez Gilabert, Manuela; Biología Vegetal
Terfezia claveryi Chatin was the first desert truffle species to be cultivated, the mycorrhizal plants being successfully produced by using both desert truffle spores and mycelia. However, it is more advisable to use mycelium than spores whenever possible and profitable. Given the low yields of mycelia obtained using traditional culture methods of this truffle, the medium composition was modified in an attempt to determine its nutritional requirements. For this, an assay involving response surface methodology was performed using Box-Behnken design to find the optimal parameters for the high production of mycelial biomass. The best results were obtained with glucose as carbon source, buffering the pH at 5 during culture, adding a pool of vitamins and adjusting the optimal concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources of the MMN medium. Biomass production increased from 0.3 to 3 g L-1 dry weight and productivity increased from 10.7 to 95.8 mg L-1 d-1 dry weight. The produced mycelium was able to colonize Helianthemum roots efficiently, providing more than 50 % ectomycorrhizal colonization.
Open Access
¡Ya llegan las turmas!
(murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Asociación Oficina Verde de la UMU, 2003) Gutiérrez, Almudena; Dieste, Cristina; Honrubia García, Mario; Morte Gómez, María Asunción; Biología Vegetal