Anales de psicología Vol. 38, Nº 3 (2022)
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- PublicationOpen AccessDetecting underreport in real-world assessment contexts: The utility of multiple-scale indicators(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Gonzalez, Bárbara; Novo, Rosa; Farrajota, PilarUnderreport of symptoms and personality characteristics is a relevant problem for psychological assessment. Nevertheless, most of the studies in this field use simulation designs. This study aims at comparing underreport prevalence in real-world samples of different contexts, using single-scale and multiple-scale underreport indicators from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2) to identify the best one and assess its implications on the clinical scales scores. Using a Differential Prevalence Group design, 1438 participants were assessed with the MMPI-2, grouped in three samples from two non-clinical contexts (community and organizational) and one clinical context. The organizational sample had the highest prevalence of underreporting. Overall, multiple-scale indi-cator LKS ≥ T65 performed better at distinguishing these samples. Analy-sis of variance revealed that LKS ≥ T65 was also the only indicator in which participants doing underreport consistently varied from honest re-sponders in the clinical scales scores, while also having lower probability of producing both type I and II errors. The existence of underreport has clear implication on the clinical scales results. The multiple-scale indicator is the most robust and should be used in the detection of underreporting. This is a relevant implication for psychological assessment in different contexts, mainly in the organizational context.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe Bem Sex-Role Inventory: Proposal of a short version in Spanish(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Gómez Berrocal, Carmen; Cervilla, Oscar; Álvarez Muelas, Ana; Carlos Sierra, JuanThe study objective was to examine the factorial structure, relia-bility and to provide some evidence for validity of the Spanish version of the Bem Sexual Roles Inventory (BSRI), which assesses self-description in terms of gender traits. A sample of 2,672 Spanish participants, heterosexu-al adults (1,289 men, 1,383 women) distributed into four age groups (18-25, 26-35, 36-55, 56 years or more), completed a Spanish 40-item version of BSRI. An 8-item scale is proposed with a two-dimensional structure: Masculinity (M) and Femininity (F). Both factors present adequate reliabi-lity. Regarding evidence for validity, men (vs. women) scored higher in M, and women (vs. men) in F. The M scores were higher for the participants aged less than 56 years. No differences were found in the F scores among age groups. We discuss the usefulness of this measure to assess interindi-vidual differences, across sex and age, in the self-attribution of traditional gender traits.
- PublicationOpen AccessValidation of the Spanish version of the Technostress Creators Scale in Chilean Workers(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Salazar Concha, Cristian; Ficapal Cusí, Pilar; Peñarroja, Vicente; Enache Zegheru, MihaelaThe purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Technostress Creators Scale (TCS). The scale was adminis-tered to 1.047 Chilean professionals. The internal structure of the scale was tested by conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The av-erage variance extracted (AVE) and the Fornell–Larcker criterion were used to examine convergent and discriminant validity, respectively. To in-vestigate concurrent validity, we focused on the relation between the TCS scale and role stress, which is a distinct, albeit conceptually related con-struct. Our findings supported a five-factor model consisting of 23 items distributed in five factors: techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity and techno-uncertainty. The Spanish version of the TCS had a high level of internal consistency, which was similar to the original scale. Appropriate evidence of concurrent validity was also shown. In addition, we conducted an international comparison of the re-search results with other relevant adaptations of the instrument reported in different cultural contexts. The results confirmed that the Spanish transla-tion of the TCS is a suitable instrument for measuring technostress and can contribute to an empirical examination of this phenomenon in Span-ish-speaking countries.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe role of affect in pacing: an experimental study(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Serrano Ibáñez, Elena R.; Cóndor, María; Marcos, Estefanía; Ramírez Maestre, Carmen; López Martínez, Alicia E.; Esteve, RosaPeople with chronic pain often change the way they carry out their daily activities according to different patterns, among which are pac-ing strategies. Cross-sectional studies on the association between pacing and affect show contradictory results. The study aim was to experimentally test whether the induction of positive affect vs negative affect would influ-ence the choice of the type of pacing (pacing to increase productivity or pacing to reduce pain) when the participants were exposed to pain, while controlling for the variables optimism and catastrophism. The study partic-ipants comprised a sample of 145 undergraduates. The results of multino-mial logistic regression showed that there was no association between the variables. Pacing is an intervention strategy in all chronic pain intervention models, and thus it is relevant to continue investigating the role of affect in relation to pacing.
- PublicationOpen AccessHow primary and secondary appraisals of daily stressful events influence negative and positive affect(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Fernández Castro, Jordi; Ferrer, Iris; Edo, Sílvia; Rovira, TatianaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of primary and secondary appraisal, and of coping strategies, on daily stress, taking in-to account any possible effect of the big five personality traits. Over 10 days, a cohort of 122 people filled out an on-line diary in which they rec-orded the most important stressful event each day, their primary and sec-ondary appraisal of this, and how they coped with it. The results indicate that negative affect is influenced by a high degree of primary appraisal, lim-ited secondary appraisal and a high rate of refusal, with no significant in-fluence of personality traits. Positive affect is mainly influenced by a lower extent of primary appraisal, more secondary appraisal, and by a low rate of refusal and of social support seeking. Moreover, a low level of neuroticism was a predictor of greater positive affect. These data are discussed, high-lighting the importance of a situational assessment of stressful episodes at each moment to not only understand the effects of stress on health but al-so, to develop effective interventions.