Revista de Contabilidad - Spanish Accounting Review 2019, V. 22 N. 2
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- PublicationOpen AccessCost efficiency and financial situation of local governments in the Canary Isles during the recession(2019) Priora, Diego; Martín-Pinillos-Castellanos, Ignacio; Pérez-López, Gemma; Zafra-Gómez, José L.This paper examines cost efficiency in the Spanish municipal public sector, in a specific geographic area (the Canary Isles, Spain), with respect to financial condition and different types of municipal debt. The study focuses on municipalities dependent on tourism and on the consequences to them of the Great Recession, doing so via a two-stage analysis. In the first, the order-m method is used to evaluate the cost efficiency of 77 Canary Isles municipalities, for the period 2008-12. In the second stage, we examine the effect produced on cost efficiency by different types of borrowing (long term, short term, financial and commercial) together with other financial, economic, political and quality variables, using the model developed by Simar and Wilson (2007), based on a truncated bootstrap regression with panel data. Empirical analysis shows that in times of crisis there is a significant relationship between the components of financial condition and cost efficiency. Inconclusion, municipal cost efficiency increases with commercial debt, but decreases with financial debt. Furthermore, certain socioeconomic variables affect the levels of cost efficiency
- PublicationOpen AccessAnalysis of the effects of changes in Spanish auditing regulation on auditquality and its differential effect depending on the type of auditor(2019) Cabal-García, Elena; De-Andrés-Suarez, Javier; Fernández-Méndez, CarlosThe objective of this paper is to provide evidence on the effect of the reforms of the Spanish auditing legislation, enacted in 2002, 2010 and 2015, on audit quality. More specifically, we study whether the reforms had a differential effect depending on the type of auditor. To this end, the auditors were classified according to their size. We analyzed the specific case of non-financial listed Spanish companies which are considered as Public Interest Entities (PIEs). The main results indicate that none of the reforms caused an improvement in financial reporting quality. This could mean that legal reforms per se are not sufficient to achieve the intended objectives in countries with weak legal enforcement, as is the case of Spain. Because of this, it may be necessary to implement mechanisms to encourage auditors to apply the new rules.
- PublicationOpen AccessAccountability Styles in State-Owned enterprises : The good, the bad, the ugly ... And the pretty(2019) Royoa, Sonia; Yetano, Ana; García-Lacalle, JavierEnsuring public access to the information that State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) produce is necessary and corporate websites should be used for this purpose. However, there is a lack of research analyzing the accountability of SOEs. This paper aims to identify different accountability patterns among SOEs by carrying out an assessment of the e-disclosure levels of Spanish SOEs. For this purpose, a comprehensive website content analysis of 91 SOEs owned by the Spanish central government was carried out. Each website was analyzed for 60 items classified into 4 dimensions: 1) financial information, 2) information about objectives and strategies, 3) corporate governance and 4) usability. In order to identify different accountability patterns among SOEs, cluster, multidimensional scaling and Pro-Fit analyses were carried out. Results show that e-disclosure practices among Spanish SOEs are still in their infancy. Financial accountability is the main focus of SOEs disclosures and most are silent about their policies, objectives and corporate governance structures. The majority of them are still anchored in a narrow accountability style that only considers shareholders as the key stakeholders and they are a long way from fulfilling the OECD recommendation that they should be as transparent as listed companies. Furthermore, results show that enforcement of transparency-related legislation is scarce in Spain. Based on these findings, some recommendations to improve e-disclosure practices among SOEs are suggested.
- PublicationOpen AccessEstudio empírico del Tercer Sector en España: hacia una re-conceptualización unificada(2019) Corral-Lagea, Javier; Maguregui-Urionabarrenechea, Lorea; Elechiguerra-Arrizabalaga, CrisantaLa definición y conceptualización del Tercer Sector forma parte de un tipo de literatura identificada por su ambigüedad y disparidad terminológica. Las definiciones utilizadas para explicar cuál es el sector donde se ubican las entidades privadas sin fines de lucro resultan insuficientes e imprecisas. Por ello, partiendo de una revisión bibliográfica sistemática profunda, y atendiendo al enfoque anglosajón, en este trabajo se propone incluir como características propias de estas entidades que el beneficio económico no se debe utilizar como principal medida de su eficiencia y que las mismas deben prestar servicios y producir bienes sin contraprestación o con una inferior al coste. Así, el objetivo que se persigue es, por un lado, evidenciar la aceptación de dichas características; y por otro, evaluar la relación inferencial entre éstas y las variables tipológicas forma jurídica, ámbito de actuación y volumen presupuestario. Finalmente, se presenta una re-conceptualización unificada mediante una definición integral del Tercer Sector.
- PublicationOpen AccessEl cargo y descargo como procedimiento jurídico-contable neutralizador de losdesequilibrios derivados de las relaciones de agencia(2019) Villaluenga de Gracia, Susana; Llibrer Escrig, InmaculadaEl método contable de cargo y descargo, un procedimiento de naturaleza más jurídica que contable, se empleaba cuando la actividad económica de la organización era confiada a un agente, circunstancia que facilita su análisis desde la Teoría de la Agencia. Tradicionalmente ha estado ligado a la toma de decisiones y al control del agente, sobre lo que existe una amplia bibliografía. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no se ha considerado como un instrumento que anula el conflicto de intereses contrapuestos surgidos en la relación entre principal y agente en una gestión delegada. El análisis de los documentos de cargo y descargo, contenido en estudios previos que tienen como base las fuentes documentales manuscritas y en los que se ha estudiado la relación entre principal y agente desde la perspectiva histórico-contable, ha permitido identificar todos los elementos característicos de la relación de agencia, inferir los intereses de principal y agentes, deducir los incentivos empleados por el principal para alinear el comportamiento de los agentes y concluir que este modo de registro era capaz de neutralizar los desequilibrios de intereses y la información asimétrica entre ambos.