Histology and histopathology Vol.27, nº 8 (2012)
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- PublicationOpen AccessThe involvement of the spleen during chronic phase of Schistosoma mansoni infection in galectin-3-/- mice(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Brand, Camila; Oliveira, Felipe L.; Takiya, Christina M.; Palumbo Jr, Antonio; Hsu, Daniel K.; Liu, Fu-Tong; Borojevic, Radovan; Chammas, Roger; El-Cheikh, Márcia C.Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes glycoconjugates which interact with galectin-3, eliciting an intense humoral immune response. Moreover, it was demonstrated that galectin-3 regulates B cell differentiation into plasma cells. Splenomegaly is a hallmark event characterized by polyclonal B cell activation and enhancement of antibody production. Here, we investigated whether galectin-3 interferes with spleen organization and B cell compartment during chronic schistosomiasis, using wild type (WT) and galectin-3-/- mice. In chronically-infected galectin-3-/- mice the histological architecture of the spleen, including white and red pulps, was disturbed with heterogeneous lymphoid follicles, an increased number of plasma cells (CD19-B220-/lowCD138+) and a reduced number of macrophages (CD19-B220-Mac-1+CD138-) and B lymphocytes (CD19+B220+/highCD138-), compared with the WT infected mice. In the absence of galectin-3 there was an increase of annexin-V+PI- cells and a major presence of apoptotic cells in spleen compared with WT infected mice. In spleen of WT infected mice galectin-3 was largely expressed in lymphoid follicles and extrafollicular sites. Thus, we propose that galectin-3 plays a role in splenic architecture, controlling distinct events such as apoptosis, macrophage activity, B cell differentiation and plasmacytogenesis in the course of S. mansoni infection
- PublicationOpen AccessNeuroma under the fifth metatarsal head. A retrospective study(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Valero, J.; Gallart, J.; González, D.; Agustín, L.; Marquina, R.; Deus, J.; Lahoz, M.This retrospective study was carried out over 83 surgical cases at the distal portion of the fifth metatarsal, compromising the treatment of tailor’s bunion, fifth metatarsal overload and the concomitant presence of both pathologies in some cases. Neuromas were founded under the fifth metatarsal head in 18 of the cases studied (21.7%). The results look at whether if there is an association between different fifth metatarsal pathologies and the presence of neuromas and found a significant association between the appearance of neuromas in patients with the same metatarsal overload, especially if it is accompanied by a tailor’s bunion pathology
- PublicationOpen AccessDevelopment of the human foreskin during the fetal period(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Alves Favorito, Luciano; Balassiano, Carlos Miguel; Silva Costa, Waldemar; Barcellos Sampaio, Francisco JoséAims: Foreskin development begins at twelfth gestational week through a circular invagination of the ectoderm in the glandular periphery that grows ventrally and totally involves the glans around the twentieth gestational week. Studies of foreskin formation chronology and its histological constituents in human fetuses are rare. The objective of this study is to analyze foreskin development during the second trimester of the human fetal period. Methods: We studied twelve well-preserved human fetuses between thirteen and nineteen weeks post conception (WPC), according to the foot length criterion. The fetuses’ weight ranged from 70 to 340 g and the crown-rump length from 11 to 18.5 cm. Their penises were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and cut into 5 micrometers sections. Hematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson solution, Gomori trichrome and Weigert staining were used. Results: The glans was partially covered by the foreskin in the fetus at 13 WPC and almost completely covered by the foreskin in fetuses at 16 WPC and 17 WPC. The complete foreskin was formed only in the fetuses at 18 and 19 WPC, in which the foreskin totally covered the glans. In all the fetuses studied we observed the presence of preputial lamella and a large amount of mesenchymal tissue between the foreskin and glans. Conclusion: The chronology of foreskin formation in the second gestational trimester is well documented in our article. It is a fast process that lasts around five weeks and is coordinated with penile urethra formation
- PublicationOpen AccessTelocytes, a distinct type of cell among the stromal cells present in the lamina propria of jejunum(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Cretoiu, D.; Cretoiu, Sanda M.; Simionescu, Anca A.; Popescu, L.M.Conventionally, cells described in the stroma of the intestinal wall are fibroblasts/fibrocytes, mast cells, plasma cells, eosinophils, macrophages and, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), the latter being considered as the pacemakers of gastrointestinal rhythmicity. Recently, a new type of stromal cell called telocyte (TCs) was found in various cavitary and non-cavitary organs (www.telocytes.com). We show here direct electron microscopical evidence for the presence of TCs in the lamina propria of rat jejunum just beneath the epithelial layer of the mucosal crypts and in between the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of muscularis mucosae. TCs are characterized by: several very long (tens to hundreds of µm) prolongations called telopodes (Tps). Tps (with caliber below the resolving power of light microscopy) display podomeres (thin segments ≤0.2 µm) and podoms (dilations accommodating caveolae, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum). Tps present dichotomous branching and form a three dimensional network close to immune cells, SMCs or nerve bundles. TCs could play a role in intercellular signaling and control of local tissue homeostasis
- PublicationOpen AccessHER2 status determination using RNA-ISH - a rapid and simple technique showing high correlation with FISH and IHC in 141 cases of breast cancer(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Alba, Javier; Gutierrez, Javier; Coupe, Victoria Mary; Fernández, Beatriz; Vázquez-Boquete, Angel; Alba, Jesús; Forteza, Jeronimo; García-Caballero, TomásAims: the assessment of the human epidermic growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is currently performed in most laboratories using two techniques: Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and inmunohistochemistry (IHC), and novel methodology is being investigated continuously in the assessment of HER2, such as SISH, CISH, DNA chips, ELISA or real time PCR to make assessment easier, faster or more accurate. RNA-ISH (RNA in Situ Hybridisation) is a new technique designed to detect mRNA expression levels, conducted by light microscope without the need for counting or grading systems in a total processing time of 4 hours. This study aims to determine if RNA-ISH is a viable and effective technique and a possible alternative to the currently used techniques by analysing and comparing genetic amplification (FISH) and protein levels (IHC) with mRNA over-expression (RNA-ISH) in 141 cases of breast cancer. Results: This study demonstrated a 96.5% concordance between over-expression of HER2 as determined by RNA-ISH and gene amplification as determined by FISH. The relationship between RNA-ISH-evaluated and IHC-evaluated over-expression was equally well reflected with a 95.2% concordance. Importantly, a considerable reduction in processing and evaluation time was achieved of only 4 hours. Conclusions: We conclude that the probe developed for RNA-ISH represents a viable, effective possible alternative to FISH and IHC for analysing HER2 status in primary breast tumours
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