Histology and histopathology Vol.26,nº12 (2011)
Ir a Estadísticas
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
- PublicationOpen AccessDe- and remyelination in the CNS white and grey matter induced by cuprizone: The old, the new, and the unexpected(F. Hernández y J.F. Madrid. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología., 2011) Skripuletz, Thomas; Gudi, Viktoria; Hackstette, Diane; Stangel, MartinThe copper chelator cuprizone (bis-cyclohexanone oxaldihydrazone) was established as a neurotoxin in rodents in 1966 by Carlton. During the following years the usefulness of cuprizone feeding in mice to induce oligodendrocyte death with secondary demyelination of the superior cerebellar peduncles was described by Blakemore. In 1998 the cuprizone model experienced a renaissance as the group of Matsushima described the effects of cuprizone on the white matter of the cerebrum and focussed on demyelination in the corpus callosum, where the extent of demyelination could be scored more easily and consistently. Since then the toxic cuprizone model has been widely used to study experimental de- and remyelination in the corpus callosum. Recently, we and others have extended these studies and have shown several new aspects characteristic for this model. Many lessons can be learned from these recent findings that have implications for the basic understanding of remyelination and the design of remyelinating and neuroprotective strategies in demyelinating diseases of the CNS. Although the model is often mentioned in the context of multiple sclerosis, it must always be kept in mind that this model has a fundamentally different induction of demyelination. We highlight the important findings delineated from this model and critically discuss both the advantages and the shortcomings of cuprizone induced demyelination.
- PublicationOpen AccessAPP transgenic mice and their application to drug discovery(F. Hernández y J.F. Madrid. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología., 2011) Howlett, D.R.The development of transgenic mice expressing mutated forms of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 (PS1), proteins associated with familial forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has provided a backbone for translational studies of potential novel drug therapies. Such mice model some aspects of AD pathology in that they develop senile plaque-like deposits of the amyloid beta-protein (Aß) together with inflammatory pathology and some degree of neurodegeneration. Aß deposition is considered to be a potentially pathogenic feature of AD and drug discovery programmes utilising such mice and associated with drugs now reaching the clinic have been largely directed towards decreasing the deposition. This goal has been achieved in the mouse models, although the agents developed have not, to date, shown evidence of efficacy in AD sufferers and, in some cases, have worsened the clinical state. Nevertheless, reducing the pathological features of the disease continues to be the objective of pharmacological intervention and ongoing programmes continue to use transgenic mice expressing mutated APP and PS1 transgenes in attempts to overcome issues and difficulties arising from the initial clinical trials and to explore new approaches to AD treatment.
- PublicationOpen AccessMechanisms and consequences of hypertriglyceridemia and cellular lipid accumulation in chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome(F. Hernández y J.F. Madrid. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología., 2011) Lee, Hyun SoonHypertriglyceridemia and intracellular lipid overload are commonly present in both the chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic syndrome. Hypertriglyceridemia in the metabolic syndrome arises mostly from increased lipoprotein synthesis, while that in the CKD is mainly caused by decreased catabolism. In metabolic syndrome, enhanced plasma levels of free fatty acids and triglyceride (TG) may lead to intracellular fatty acid accumulation in the kidney. However, the mechanisms by which intracellular lipid accumulation occurs in the dieased glomeruli have not been established. I provide evidence that binding/uptake of TG-rich very low-density lipoprotein by glomerular cells is increased in CKD, leading to increased endocytic accumulation of TG. I also provide evidence that cellular damage by fatty acid accumulation in the kidney is particularly severe in podocytes, leading to apoptosis and resulting in glomerulosclerosis. Collectively, these data bring new mechanistic insights into cellular lipid overload and lipotoxicity in CKD.
- PublicationOpen AccessViability of maxillary bone harvesting by using different osteotomy techniques. A pilot study(F. Hernández y J.F. Madrid. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología., 2011) Atari, M.; Chatakun, P.; Ortíz, O.; Mañes, A.; Gil-Recio, C.; Fabregat Navarro, M.; Garcia-Fernández, D.A.; Caballé-Serrano, J.; Mareque, J.; Hernández-Alfaro, F.; Ferrés Padró, E.; Giner-Tarrida, L.The use of autogenous grafts is still considered in bone regeneration surgeries. However, the bone cell viability of such grafts after being harvested from donor sites remains a matter of debate. The aim of the present study is to evaluate particulated and block bone cell viability, in terms of presence or absence of apoptosis and necrosis, obtained from different maxillary intra-oral harvesting methods: bone scraper, rotary carbide burs and piezoelectric device. Five healthy patients were enrolled in the study. The patients required sinus augmentation by lateral window approach. The bone was harvested by the bone scraper, piezoelectric device and rotary surgical instrument. The samples were processed with the Annexin V/FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate stain) kit and were analyzed by means of Fluoresence-Activated Cell Sorted (FACS) technique. Within the limitations of this pilot study, the results indicated that autogenous bone chips collected from the three harvesting methods presented a large percentage of apoptotic cells, although large scale production of necrotic cells was not detected. In summary, although rotary surgical instrument and piezoelectric devices are frequently used instruments for oral osteotomy, fresh autogenous bone chips collected from them did not present a viable bone cell source.
- PublicationOpen AccessImmunohistochemical characterisation of dorsal root ganglia neurons supplying the porcine mammary gland(F. Hernández y J.F. Madrid. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología., 2011) Franke-Radowiecka, AmeliaThe present study investigated the chemical coding of mammary gland-projecting dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons using double-labelling immunohistochemistry. Earlier investigations revealed the presence of Fast blue - positive (FB+) neurons in Th9-Th12 DRG after injection of the tracer into the second, right thoracic mamma. Neurons projecting to the last right abdominal mamma were found in L1-L3 DRG. In the present study, the cryostat sections from these ganglia were stained for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), galanin (GAL) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the vast majority of FB+ mammary gland-projecting neurons contained immunoreactivity to CGRP (68.87±0.7%), SP (63.4±0.9%), NOS (32.47±0.9%), GAL (16.28±0.8%) and less numerous nerve cells stained for PACAP (5.87±0.5%). The present results largely correspond with findings dealing with immunohistochemical characterization of nerve fibres supplying porcine mammary gland structures described earlier.
- «
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- »