Revista de Contabilidad - Spanish Accounting Review 2016, V. 19 N. 1
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- PublicationOpen AccessReal economic activity and accounting information in Spanish construction and real estate firms(2016) Navarro-García, Juan Carlos; Madrid-Guijarro, AntoniaThe aim of this work is to determine whether the accounting information provided by construction and real estate firms in Spain reflects the real economic activity, during upswings and downturns. A relationship is found between economic conditions and financial reporting in a continental European country such as Spain. Although there is a relationship between real housing price growth and financial accounting measures, real estate companies seem to show an artificial position, since they only present relationship with Return on Assets (ROA) based on low quality income (accruals). Therefore, a different financial position influences a different behaviour in these two similar sectors. In fact, some signs alerting of possible risk in real estate firms are shown.
- PublicationOpen AccessISO 14051: A new era for MFCA implementation and research(2016) Christ, Katherine L.; Burritt, Roger L.Material flow cost accounting (MFCA) is a tool designed to encourage eco-efficiency in organizations by focusing on a reduction in use of materials and related improvements in economic performance of corporations. It provides a way to identify win–win situations where monetary and environmental performance can both be improved. But take-up by business is slow, which seems to go against the notion of strong competition driving economic performance. A recent standard, ISO 14051, has been produced by the International Organization for Standardization, and could bring substantial change to MFCA implementation and research. Drawing on Rogers (2003) theory of diffusion of innovation, and with a focus on the first two stages of the innovation-decision process, knowledge and persuasion, this study sought to analyze MFCA and predict how the 2011 release of ISO 14051 might be expected to influence take-up of MFCA by business, and what this might mean for future research. The analysis revealed that, when combined with ISO involvement, MFCA is well placed in terms of Rogers’ theory, with the future likely to see increased diffusion of MFCA and, as adoption rates increase, more opportunities for research in this area. Specific areas identified as a result of the analysis include: the introduction of new research methods, the need for theoretically informed research, and the potential to address new research questions previously considered impractical.
- PublicationOpen AccessAn exploratory study of the pressures and ethical dilemmas in the audit conflict(2016) Espinosa-Pike, Marcela; Barrainkua, ItsasoThe present study analyzes the pressures perceived by auditors in their professional activity. Furthermore, it explores the ethical acceptability of questionable practices and the way auditors resolve the conflicts of interest with which they are confronted. This paper also studies the influence of the size of the audit firm and the experience of the auditors on the perception of pressures, their ethical judgment, and the way of resolving conflicts of interest. Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to auditors from small and medium-sized audit firms in Spain, members of REA (Registro de Economistas Auditores). This study contributes to the international academic literature on auditing behavior, as it provides new empirical data on the pressures perceived, not only those from the audit client, which have been extensively studied in the academic literature, but in addition, it highlights pressures arising from the audit firm itself that could also have a detrimental effect on the audit quality. It also contributes to the understanding of the effect of these pressures on the behavior of auditors. The results of this study are also of particular relevance for the legal and professional Spanish auditing regulators as they face, at this moment, the challenge of developing a set of ethical standards that should improve the ethical judgment and behavior of accounting professionals.
- PublicationOpen Access¿La investigación española en Contabilidad de Gestión está alejada de la práctica profesional? La opinión académica(2016) Victor-Ponce, Patricia; Muñoz Colombina, Clara IsabelEn la literatura internacional ha retornado la polémica sobre la contribución de la investigación contable a la práctica profesional, observando que hay un distanciamiento entre ambas. España no es ajena a esta discusión, pero hay escasas evidencias de lo que opinan los colectivos. Por ello este trabajo se propone conocer la opinión del profesorado universitario español especializado en Contabilidad de Gestión sobre si existe ese gap entre la investigación en dicha especialidad y la gestión económica de las organizaciones. Para alcanzar el objetivo se ha procedido a encuestar a 298 académicos. Los resultados manifiestan que una amplia mayoría de profesores considera que el distanciamiento entre el colectivo académico y el mundo profesional existe y debe reducirse. Los profesores opinan que los principales motivos que impiden que la comunidad académica se comprometa con la práctica son: los criterios del sistema de evaluación del profesorado universitario, la falta de interés de los profesionales por acudir a las revistas académicas contables, la necesidad de respuestas a corto plazo que requieren los profesionales y la escasa transferencia de resultados de las investigaciones a las organizaciones. El interés de este trabajo radica en ser un estudio empírico pionero en analizar el gap en esta especialidad contable.
- PublicationOpen AccessAccounting basis adjustments and deficit reliability: Evidence from southern European countries(2016) Jesus, Maria Antónia; Jorge, SusanaGovernment accounting (GA) and National accounts (NA) are two reporting systems that, although aiming different purposes, are linked – public administrations’ financial information for the latter is provided by the former. Therefore, the alignment between the two systems is an issue for the reliability of the public sector aggregates finally obtained by the National Accounts. In the EU context, this is a critical issue, inasmuch as these aggregates are the reference for monitoring the fiscal policy underlying the Euro currency. However, while reporting in NA is accrual-based and harmonised under the European System of Regional and National Accounts, the GA each country still has its own reporting system, often mixing cash basis in budgetary reporting with accrual basis in financial reporting, hence requiring accounting basis adjustments when translating data from GA into NA. Starting by conceptually analysing the accounting basis differences between GA and NA and the adjustments to be made when translating data from the former into the latter, this paper uses evidence from three southern European countries – Portugal, Spain and Italy, representing the southern Continental European accounting perspective, with cash-based budgetary reporting, and where budgetary deficits have been particularly significant in the latest years – to show how diversity and materiality of these adjustments may question the reliability of the budgetary deficits finally reported in NA. The main findings point to the need for standardised procedures to convert cash-based (GA) into accrual-based (NA) data as a crucial step, preventing accounting manipulation, thus increasing reliability of informative outputs for both micro and macro purposes.
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