Anales de biología Vol. 33 (2011)
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- PublicationOpen AccessMorphology, anatomy and mycorrhizae in subterranean parts(Murcia : Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2011) Muthukumar, Thangavelu; Eswaranpillai Uma; Arumugam Karthikeyan; Kullaiyan Sathiyadash; Jaison, Sarah; Perumalsamy Priyadharsini; Ishworani Chongtham; Vellaisamy MuniappanZeuxine gracilis (Berda) Bl., is an endemic, terrestrial green orchid whose morphology, anatomy and mycorrhizal status is unknown. So we investigated: (a) root and rhizome anatomy; (b) root hair characteristics and mycorrhizal colonization patterns in Z. gracilis plants collected from Western Ghats region of southern India. The prominent anatomical characters in the roots were: absence of velamen, spiranthosomes, and the presence of single layered exodermis and nine arched protoxylem. The rhizome had an uniseriate epidermis, abundant spiranthosomes in the inner cortical cells, a distinct endodermis with casparian strips and biseriate vascular bundles. The presence of fungi both in the roots and rhizomes was revealed. The entry of fungi was chiefly through root hairs and through epidermis in the rhizome. Fungi formed pelotons and monilioid cells in the root cortex. Additionally, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi characterized by the presence of aseptate hyphae, vesicles and spores were present occasionally in roots. The lack of arbuscules in Z. gracilis indicated the AM to be non functional.
- PublicationOpen AccessImplications of calcium nutrition on the response of Acacia senegal (Mimosaceae) to soil salinity(Murcia : Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2011) Tusharbhai Patel, Neha; Sundarjibhai Panchal, Nilesh; Bhushan Pandey, Indu; Nath Pandey, AmarEffects of Ca2+ level on the response of germination and seedling growth of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. (Mimosaceae) to NaCl salinity in soil were investigated. Salinity significantly retarded the seed germination and seedling growth, but the injurious effects of NaCl on seed germination were ameliorated and seedling growth was restored with calcium supply at the critical level (1:0.75 Na/Ca ratio) to salinised soil. Calcium supply above the critical level further retarded the seed germination and seedling growth due to the increased soil salinity. Salt stress reduced N, P, K, Ca and Mg content in plant tissues, but these nutrients were restored by addition of calcium at the critical level to saline soil. The opposite was true for Na+. The results are discussed in terms of the beneficial effects of calcium supply on the seedling growth of this species under saline conditions.
- PublicationOpen AccessCaracterización y cultivo de tres cepas de Pleurotus eryngii (Fries) Quélet sobre sustratos basados en residuos agroalimentarios(Murcia : Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2011) Andrino, Alberto; Honrubia García, Mario; Morte Gómez, María AsunciónPleurotus eryngii (Fr.) Quél, conocida como seta de cardo, es un excelente comestible que pertenece al grupo de hongos de la pudrición blanca. Gracias a su versátil complejo enzimático lignocelulósico, se conocen diversas aplicaciones biotecnológicas y medicinales de esta especie de basidiomiceto. El objetivo de este trabajo se ha centrado en mejorar la producción de la misma. Se han caracterizado los óptimos de crecimiento miceliares de dos cepas silvestres de seta de cardo en medio sólido y líquido. Se evaluó la productividad de tres cepas de seta de cardo sobre diversos residuos agroalimentarios (cascarilla de arroz, paja de trigo, aserrines y bagazo) con el fin de conocer la viabilidad de los mismos para producción de basidiomas. El bagazo, subproducto de la fabricación de la cerveza, se ha usado por primera vez en el cultivo de P. eryngii, resultando ser el sustrato más efectivo donde fructificaron las tres cepas.
- PublicationOpen AccessGrowth, water status and nutrient accumulation of seedlings of Cassia fistula L. in response to soil salinity(Murcia : Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2011) Hardikar, Seema Abhay; Pandey, Amar NathGreenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effect of soil salinity on emergence, growth, water status, proline content and mineral accumulation of seedlings of Cassia fistula L. (Fabaceae). NaCl was added to the soil and salinity was maintained at 0.2, 2.1, 3.9, 6.2, 8.1, 10.0 and 11.9 dSm-1. Salinity caused reduction in water content and water potential of tissues that resulted in internal water deficit to plants. Consequently, seedling growth significantly decreased as salinity increased. Proline content in tissues increased as salinity increased. There were no effective mechanisms to control net uptake of Na+ and subsequently its transport to shoot tissues. Na content significantly increased in tissues as salinity increased. N, K and Ca content in tissues significantly decreased as salinity increased. Changes in tissues and whole-plant accumulation pattern of other nutrients, as well as possible mechanisms for avoidance of Na toxicity in this species in response to salinity, are discussed.
- PublicationOpen AccessBiodiversity of insect-parasitic nematodes in soil pest insect (Orthoptera, Gryllidae and Gryllotalpidae) in wheat fields of Buenos Aires, Argentina(Murcia : Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2011) Camino, Nora Beatriz; Achinelly, María FernandaThis work was conducted in wheat fields of the Argentine pampas providing an extensive list of nematodes of soil pest insects. Adults and nymphs of crickets and mole crickets, were found parasited by nematodes. Twenty-four nematode species from six families were registered. Thelastomatid nematodes were the most numerous group while Pseudonimidae, Travassosinematidae and Diplogasteridae families were the least represented. The Pampean region constituted an area with high diversity of nematodes associated with insects and some of them, could be considered as biocontrol agents of troublesome insect pests within the agricultural areas of Argentina.