Investigación

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Investigación contiene los documentos generados por los docentes e investigadores de la Universidad en su labor de investigación. Este depósito tiene como objetivos el almacenamiento, la gestión, la preservación y la difusión de estos documentos, y pretende contribuir al aumento de la visibilidad del trabajo desarrollado por los miembros de la comunidad universitaria.

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Open Access
A volatilomic approach using ion mobility and mass spectrometry combined with multivariate chemometrics for the assessment of lemon juice quality
(Elsevier, 2024-11-09) Giménez Campillo, Claudia; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Díaz García, Miriam Cristina; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; Química Analítica
Lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.) is a citrus fruit known for its high nutritional value and potent antioxidant activity. Lemon juice, obtained by squeezing the fruit, is widely used in the kitchen for its acidic taste to flavour dishes and drinks. It has also been attributed with various medicinal properties to treat conditions such as sore throat, fever, rheumatism and hypertension. Ensuring the quality and safety of lemon juice, as well as its geographical origin, is not easy due to the scarcity of analytical methods available for this purpose, which makes it difficult to detect adulterations. To meet this challenge of testing the authenticity and safety of lemon juice, multiple physicochemical parameters need to be evaluated, which is expensive and time-consuming, so it is of great interest to develop an alternative simple method. In this research, two alternative analytical methods were developed and optimized for the analysis of lemon juice samples based on headspace gas chromatography coupled to both mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) or ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). These new methods were compared with the method currently used in the food industry for quality control of juices, which is Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR). A total of 159 samples belonging to different lemon varieties were analysed by measuring the physicochemical parameters, FT-NIR spectra and fingerprinting of the juice samples based on the total volatile compounds profile by GC-MS and GC-IMS. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models were then constructed and all models were validated by paired tests with the values measured by the reference chemical methods. The models developed confirm that both HS-GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS methods are viable alternatives for predicting physicochemical parameters and ensuring lemon juice quality. Finally, the data were used to build chemometric models using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLSDA) to distinguish lemon juices according to the lemon variety used in their manufacture. Very promising models were obtained with the HS-GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS data, suggesting the potential use of the volatile profile for lemon variety confirmation. Consequently, fingerprinting represents an alternative proposal to the conventional method applied in the food industry based on the use of chemical reference parameters or the use of the NIR technique.
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Assessing the effects of autarchic policies on the biological well-being: Analysis of deviations in cohort male height in the Valencian Community (Spain) during Francoist regime
(Elsevier, 2021-02-12) Cámara, Antonio D.; Puche, Javier; Martínez Carrión, José Miguel; Economía Aplicada
This article aims to assess the impact of autarchic policies on the biological dimensions of human well-being during Francoist regime in Spain. This is done by examining the nutritional status of the population through the study of male adult heights. Our case study is the Valencian Community with the focus on the period 1940–59 which witnessed the implementation of such policies. The heights of 21-year old draftees born between 1900 and 1954 from nine municipalities (N = 87,510) were analyzed in the light of inter-cohort deviations from a secular trend established for cohorts that were not exposed to autarchy-related hardships. Height was regressed on infant mortality as a way to control for infection and therefore approach the net effect of nutrition on height outcomes. Contrarily to what was displayed by cohort height trends in themselves, the results reveal a significant worsening of the nutritional status of the male population at the time. Deviations from the expected height trend across municipalities ranged between −0.5 and −3.4 mm per year. The effects of malnutrition are found to be larger among cohorts born in the period 1920–34 in coherence with a longer exposure to autarchy hardships during adolescence. Pre-autarchy nutrition levels observed among the cohorts of 1900–14 were not regained until the cohorts 1945–49. The results also show that malnutrition had an unequal impact with the large industrial towns of our sample experiencing the poorest height outcomes. Overall, these results invite to revise conclusions obtained from the sole evidence of height trends and they question the efficiency of intervention policies implemented in Spain during the 1940s.
Open Access
Combining high-power ultrasound and enological enzymes during winemaking to improve the chromatic characteristics of red wine
(Elsevier, 2021-12-28) Pérez Porras, Paula; Bautista Ortín, Ana Belén; Jurado, Ricardo; Gómez Plaza, Encarna; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología; Facultad de Veterinaria
Several techniques have been used by the winemaking industry to facilitate the extraction of grape phenolic compounds during the maceration process. Interest in innovative techniques such as high-power ultrasound (US) has increased in recent years, replacing more traditional techniques such as the addition of pectolytic enzymes (E). This study evaluates the combined effect of ultrasound and enological enzymes, used at semi-industrial scale at the time of crushing, on the chromatic characteristics of red wine. Variables such as the timing of enzyme addition and the ripening state of the grapes were considered. The results showed that ultrasound had a greater effect than enological enzymes when used alone, especially when the ripest grapes were used. The results also indicate that, when added after sonication, the enzymes favored the US effect, enabling the contact time necessary to achieve a wine with chromatic characteristics similar to those resulting from a traditional maceration process to be reduced by 4 days. Carried out on a semi-industrial scale, the study demonstrates that the adequate combination of these two techniques can optimize the maceration process both in terms of time and the wine organoleptic characteristics, making the technique of special interest for industrial application.
Open Access
Convolutional neural networks for estimating the ripening state of fuji apples using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy
(Springer , 2022-07-18) Benmouna, Brahim; García Mateos, Ginés; Sabzi, Sajad; Fernández Beltrán, Rubén; Parras Burgos, Dolores; Molina Martínez, José Miguel; Informática y Sistemas; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Informática
The quality of fresh apple fruits is a major concern for consumers and manufacturers. Classification of these fruits according to their ripening stage is one of the most decisive factors in determining their quality. In this regard, the aim of this work is to develop a new method for non-destructive classification of the ripening state of Fuji apples using hyperspectral information in the visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) regions. Spectra of 172 apple samples in the range from 450 to 1000 nm were studied, which were selected from four different ripening stages. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was proposed to perform the classification of the samples. The proposed method was compared with three alternative methods based on artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). The results revealed that the CNN method outperformed the alternative methods, achieving a correct classification rate (CCR) of 96.5%, compared with an average of 89.5%, 95.93%, and 91.68% for ANN, SVM, and KNN, respectively. These results will help in the development of a new device for fast and accurate estimation of the quality of apples.
Open Access
Discrimination of the geographical origin of peaches by the monitoring of volatile organic compounds by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and chemometric tools
(Elsevier, 2024-02-24) Giménez Campillo, Claudia; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Pastor Belda, Marta; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; Química Analítica
The peach is one of the most popular and widely consumed fruits in Europe. Spain is the largest peach-producing country in the world with several growing areas recognised by consumers. This work focuses on the development, optimisation and validation of a non-targeted metabolomics strategy for the determination of peach volatile organic compounds from different origins by headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS–GC–MS). The volatil profile found in each sample is used to classify peaches according to their origin. The results obtained were processed using MS-DIAL software and 279 features were detected, of which 102 volatile compounds were tentatively identified and 30 of them could also be quantified. In addition, the areas of all the features were used to build models based on orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to differentiate peaches according to their geographical origin. A very promising model was obtained, with a validation rate of 90.32%, which means that it could be used to guarantee the Protected Designation of Origin of different peaches with a simple analysis.
Open Access
Effect of pre-fermentative treatments on polysaccharide composition of white and rosé musts and wines
(American Chemical Society, 2023-02-25) Martínez-Lapuente, Leticia; Guadalupe, Zenaida; Higueras, Manuel; Ayestarán, Belén; Pérez Porras, Paula; Bautista Ortín, Ana Belén; Gómez Plaza, Encarna; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología; Facultad de Veterinaria
This paper studied the effect of conventional pre-fermentative techniques (direct pressing “CP” and cold maceration “CM”) and an innovate technique (high power ultrasounds “S”), applied to Viogner and Monastrell grapes on the polysaccharide content of the musts, white and rosé wines, and after six months of bottle aging. The results showed that the longer pre-fermentation maceration time applied with the CM technique compared to the short ultrasonic maceration was key in the extraction of polysaccharides from the grape to the must. CP treatment produced wines with the lowest content of total soluble polysaccharide families since it was the least intense pretreatment for the disruption of the grape berry cell wall polysaccharides. Ultrasonic pretreatment could be used as a new tool to increase the solubilization of polysaccharides in wines, positively affecting the wine colloidal properties. During bottle aging, there wasn’t a clear effect of pretreatments on the evolution of polysaccharides.
Open Access
Effects of combining high power ultrasound and enological enzymes on the composition of polysaccharides in red wine
(Elsevier, 2022-10-04) Martínez-Lapuente, Leticia; Guadalupe, Zenaida; Ayestarán, Belén; Pérez Porras, Paula; Bautista Ortín, Ana Belén; Gómez Plaza, Encarna; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología; Facultad de Veterinaria
In this work different oenological techniques, used at semi-industrial scale, were applied for their effect of deconstructing the polysaccharide network of the cells of the grape during the maceration: high-power ultrasound (US), a new technique recently introduced in the wine industry, and other conventional ones, such as the addition of pectolytic enzymes (E). The objective was to study if the combined effect of US and E, used at the moment of crushing, had a synergistic effect on the content of polysaccharides in red wines, compared to red wines made with the techniques applied separately. The timing of enzyme addition, maceration time and the ripening state of the grapes were the studied variables. Ultrasound treatment showed a greater effect than enological enzymes when used alone, especially when the ripest grapes were employed. The results also indicated that the combined treatment, regardless of the order of enzyme addition, did not improve the release of grape polysaccharides into the wine. Sonication maintained the same profile of polysaccharides than the control wine. The study demonstrated that sonication treatment increased the content of polysaccharides from the grapes into the wines, allowing a reduction of the maceration time.
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Encapsulation of piceatannol, a naturally occurring hydroxylated analogue of resveratrol, by natural and modified cyclodextrins
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016-04-22) López Nicolás, José Manuel; Matencio Durán, Adrián; García Carmona, Francisco; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A; Facultad de Biología
In this work, an in-depth study of the interaction between piceatannol (a type of stilbene with high biological activity) and different natural and modified cyclodextrins (CDs) is made, using steady state fluorescence. This bioactive molecule forms a 1 : 1 complex with all the natural (α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD) and modified (HP-β-CD, HE-β-CD and M-β-CD) CDs tested. Among natural CDs, the interaction of piceatannol with β-CD was the most efficient. However, the modified CDs showed higher encapsulation constants (KF) than β-CD, except M-β-CD; the highest KF being found for HP-β-CD (14 048 ± 702 M−1). The encapsulation of piceatannol in the internal cavity of CDs showed a strong dependence on pH and temperature. The interaction between HP-β-CD and piceatannol was less effective in the pH region where the stilbene begins to suffer the deprotonation of its hydroxyl group. Moreover, the values of KF decreased as the system temperature increased. To obtain information on the mechanism involved in the piceatannol affinity for CD, the thermodynamic parameters of the complexation (ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°) were studied, the results showed a negative entropy (−3.7 ± 0.2 J mol−1 K−1), enthalpy (−24.6 ± 1.2 kJ mol−1) and Gibbs free energy change at 25 °C (−23.5 ± 1.2 J mol−1). Finally, molecular docking calculations provided further insights into how the different interactions influence the complexation constant. A high degree of correlation was observed between the computed scores and experimental values.
Open Access
Estimation of nitrogen content in cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves using hyperspectral imaging data with neural network and partial least squares regressions
(Elsevier, 2021-10-15) Sabzi, Sajad; Pourdarbani, Razieh; Rohban, Mohammad H.; García Mateos, Ginés; Arribas, J. I.; Informática y Sistemas; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Informática
In recent years, farmers have often mistakenly resorted to overuse of chemical fertilizers to increase crop yield. However, excessive consumption of fertilizers might lead to severe food poisoning. If nutritional deficiencies are detected early, it can help farmers to design better fertigation practices before the problem becomes unsolvable. The aim of this study is to predict the amount of nitrogen (N) content in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., var. Super Arshiya-F1) plant leaves using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques and three different regression methods: a hybrid artificial neural networks-particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO); partial least squares regression (PLSR); and unidimensional deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNN). Cucumber plant seeds were planted in 20 different pots. After growing the plants, pots were categorized and three levels of nitrogen overdose were applied to each category: 30%, 60% and 90% excesses, called N30%, N60%, N90%, respectively. HSI images of plant leaves were captured before and after the application of nitrogen excess. A prediction regression model was developed for each individual category. Results showed that mean regression coefficients (R) for ANN-PSO were inside 0.937–0.965, PLSR 0.975–0.997, and CNN 0.965–0.985 ranges, test set. We conclude that regression models have a remarkable ability to accurately predict the amount of nitrogen content in cucumber plants from hyperspectral leaf images in a non-destructive way, being PLSR slightly ahead of CNN and ANN-PSO methods.
Open Access
Familia y presupuestos familiares de los trabajadores de una gran empresa minera a principios del siglo XX: Rio Tinto Co Ltd
(Universitat de Barcelona, 2023-03-31) Martínez Soto, Ángel Pascual; Trescastro-López, Eva María; Pérez de Perceval Verde, Miguel Ángel; Economía Aplicada; Facultad de Economía y Empresa
The first mining of the industrial revolution was characterised using a high volume of labour and the fact that a large part of the work was carried out underground. This made it necessary to have a considerable proportion of workers specialised in activities related to the mining work itself and who were accustomed to working deep underground. The dependence on this labour force and the need to maintain the mining settlements led to the development of employer strategies that were oriented towards industrial paternalism in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. This article analyses the case of Rio Tinto Co Ltd, which can serve as a model for the forms of mining organisation. For this purpose, we rely on exceptional company documentation and the study of local records.
Open Access
Fingerprinting of peach during the ripening process using an analytical platform with spectrometric and volatilome-based chromatographic techniques
(American Chemical Society , 2025-06-23) Giménez Campillo, Claudia; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Pastor Belda, Marta; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Lukas Bodenbender; Weller, Philipp; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; Química Analítica
In recent years, the quality of peaches has been related to their early harvest, so this work has focused on the characterization of the spectral fingerprint using Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy, and headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) based on their volatilome or volatile organic compound content, with the aim of identifying the optimum ripening point of peaches. A total of 344 samples of two different varieties at all ripening stages were analyzed. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear tendency for samples at the same stage of ripening to form visible clusters. The groups identified by PCA were used to construct partial least-squares discriminant analysis models that allowed differentiation according to ripening and variety. The overall results were very promising, especially for the volatilomes measured by HS-GC−IMS and HS-GC−MS.
Open Access
Fingerprinting of volatile organic compounds and discrimination of pear samples by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry
(Elsevier, 2025-05-20) Giménez Campillo, Claudia; Pastor Belda, Marta; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; Química Analítica
The pear contains many volatile organic compounds that are responsible for its distinctive aroma, flavour and texture. The aim of this work was to develop, optimise and validate an analytical method for the determination of volatile compounds in pears using headspace gas chromatography coupled to ion mobility spectrometry. A total of 254 samples from four cultivars were analysed, and a partial least squares discriminant analysis model using 93 markers allowed differentiation between cultivars with 100 % accuracy and a Q2 of 0.878. Additionally, a total of 227 Ercoline pears collected at different stages of ripening were analysed. For the first time, a predictive model based on 75 markers was used to determine pear ripeness, achieving 100 % accuracy and a Q2 of 0.856. A total of 22 compounds were identified and quantified in the samples and key compounds were determined for each cultivar and ripening stage.
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High‑power ultrasounds as a tool for the formation of stable pigments during the aging of red wines
(Springer Nature Link, 2025-06-06) Gomez-Plaza, Encarna; Pérez Porras, Paula; Bautista Ortín, Ana Belén; Osete Alcaraz, Lucía; Carrasco‑Palazón, María José; Jurado, Ricardo; Gómez Plaza, Encarna; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología; Facultad de Veterinaria
Los ultrasonidos de alta potencia (US) se han consolidado como una herramienta útil para obtener vinos con altos niveles de compuestos fenólicos y aromáticos. Sin embargo, la falta de estudios a escala semiindustrial sobre el envejecimiento de estos vinos pone de manifiesto la necesidad de estudiar los posibles efectos de la sonicación de la uva en los procesos de evolución del vino. Se realizaron análisis de la composición fenólica en distintas etapas (embotellado, y tras 6 y 12 meses de envejecimiento en botella) en vinos elaborados mediante la aplicación de US sobre uvas estrujadas y con diferentes tiempos de maceración (48 h, 72 h y 7 días). Los resultados no solo muestran una mayor concentración de compuestos fenólicos en el momento del embotellado debido a la aplicación de US, sino que también demuestran un mayor potencial de envejecimiento en dichos vinos, atribuido a la presencia de reacciones de polimerización y a la formación de pigmentos estables. Esto se observó incluso en vinos con tiempos cortos de maceración, que además presentaron una mayor estabilidad de su composición fenólica. Así, el incremento en la concentración de compuestos polimerizados observado tras 6 meses en vinos elaborados a partir de uvas sonicadas fue aproximadamente un 35 % superior al del vino control y alrededor de un 42 % tras 12 meses.
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Isolation of Mycoplasma auris from milk of goats with clinical mastitis
(Elsevier, 2020-03-07) García-Galán Pérez, Ana; García Romero, Edgar; Sánchez López, Antonio; Corrales Romero, Juan Carlos; Contreras de Vera, Antonio; Fé Rodríguez, David Christian de la; Sanidad Animal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
The unexpected presence of Mycoplasma auris was evidenced in mastitis samples collected from a dairy goat herd under surveillance programmes of contagious agalactia (CA), a serious disease affecting Mediterranean small ruminant herds. Thus, control programs based on permanent analysis of milk from bulk tank and clinical mastitis, as well as ear swabs, are currently conducted in affected areas. In order to analyze the presence of CAcausing species, three, 11 and 18 of these samples were respectively collected from the same goat herd. Mycoplasmas were isolated in four milk samples from clinical mastitis and two ear swabs samples and no other pathogen was detected. The presence of CA-causing mycoplasmas was discarded by PCR. However, M. auris was identified in all the positive samples after the amplification and posterior PCR product sequencing of a partial fragment of their 16S-ribosomal ARN gene. As far as we know, these are the first isolations of M. auris from milk of goats with clinical mastitis.
Open Access
Metabolomics study of the formation of genotoxic molecules based on the fecal volatile metabolites profile using an in vivo animal model
(Elsevier, 2024-02-09) Giménez Campillo, Claudia; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Torre-Minguela, Carlos de; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; Martínez Cáceres, Carlos Manuel; Química Analítica
Epidemiological studies have shown that haem iron from processed meat is a key element involved in the colon carcinogenesis. The haem iron induces lipid peroxidation in the colon lumen during digestion, enabling the formation of cytotoxic molecules derived from these reactions. The cytotoxic molecules generated are highly dependent on dietary factors such as lipid sources, calcium levels or the presence of antioxidants during digestion. Here, we investigated whether nitrite substitution by polyphenols as a food additive could modulate the in vivo luminal lipid peroxidation in the colon and consequently, reduce the formation of mucin-depleted foci in a chemical-induced colon cancer rat model. The addition of polyphenols to the cooked ham diet reduces the lipid peroxidation in the rats. A reduction in cytotoxic aldehydes in fecal water from animals fed with polyphenols as well as a decrease in the formation of mucin-depleted foci is observed. The antioxidant capacity derived from polyphenols modifies the luminal environment of the colon, allowing the identification of a specific molecular signature derived from the analysis of fecal volatile organic compounds. In this molecular signature is included the reduction in the abundance of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadienal, a carcinogenic aldehyde derived from lipid peroxidation.
Open Access
Mortality attributable to modifiable lifestyle factors in the Spanish cohort of the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study
(BioMed Central, 2025-11-26) Cirera, Lluis; Huerta, José María; Moreno-Iribas, Conchi; Jiménez, Ana; Mokoroa, Olatz; Guevara, Marcela; Andueza, Naroa; Sánchez, María José; Petrova, Dafina; Luján-Barroso, Leila; Salmerón Martínez, Diego; Chirlaque López, María Dolores; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Background There is consistent evidence on the relationship of unhealthy habits with mortality risk. The population attributable fraction (PAF) is a useful quantifier of the number of new disease cases attributable to modifiable risk factors. Our objective was to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) and the PAFs for the major individual lifestyle factors of mortality in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Methods Prospective study which included 40 307 EPIC-Spain participants (62.5% women). A total of 7 262 cases of all-cause mortality (53.9% were men) occurred during an average follow-up of 25.1 years. We calculated PAFs separately for men and women, using adjusted HRs of mortality (and 95% CI) from multivariate Cox regression models for binary categories of smoking, high alcohol consumption, obesity markers, poor Mediterranean diet adherence, and low physical activity. Results Most lifestyle factors studied were significantly associated with mortality in the study cohort. In final multivariate analyses, smoking registered the largest PAFs in men (21.0%, 95%CI 19.1–22.7%), while general obesity (BMI) accounted for the largest PAF in women (10.8%, 7.5–13.8%). Attributable fractions were similar in both sexes for poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet, whereas the lowest PAFs were estimated for physical activity. High alcohol consumption and central obesity did not pose a risk in women. Conclusions Shifting from any risk factor to a healthier lifestyle would reduce mortality in both sexes. However, in women, alcohol consumption did not influence mortality risk and only BMI was associated with mortality risk attributable body adiposity. Key messages What is already known on this topic: modifiable lifestyle risk factors affect the occurrence of chronic disease incidence and mortality, but most studies provide relative measures of risk. What this study adds: this study quantifies the proportion of overall deaths attributable to a combination of major lifestyle risk factors in a large population sample from the EPIC-Spain study. How the study might affect research, practice or policy: the results would assist public health professionals and policy makers in identifying priorities and setting goals for intervention at the population level in order to prevent avoidable premature mortality in the population.
Open Access
Parental attitudes to childhood overweight: the multiple paths through healthy eating, screen use, and sleeping time
(MDPI, 2020-10-28) García Conde, Miguel Giménez; Marín Rives, Longinos; Ruiz de Maya, Salvador; Cuestas Díaz, Pedro Jesús; Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados
The main goal of this paper is to examine how parental attitudes toward sleeping, screen use, and feeding their child influence the child’s body mass index (BMI) through the child’s behaviors related to time dedicated to sleep and television, and their healthy eating. Using survey data from 908 parents, results show that parental attitudes have a significant influence on children’s behavior and, more importantly, on their BMI. The three forms of a child’s behavior (sleeping, watching TV, and healthy eating patterns) are affected by what parents do and their attitudes toward these three behaviors at home. Results show how changes in parental attitudes are an interesting target to prevent the child’s overweight.
Open Access
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling in plasma and milk and Mote Carlo simulations of marbofloxacin against Staphylococcu aureus and Mycoplasma agalactie in lactating sheep
(Elsevier, American Dairy Science Association, 2025-03-24) Serrano-Rodríguez, J. M.; Fernández-Varón, E.; Muñoz-Rascón, P.; Morón, R.; Díaz-Villamarín, X.; Fé Rodríguez, David Christian de la; Cárceles-García, C.; Cárceles Rodríguez, Carlos; Farmacología; Facultad de Veterinaria
In livestock ruminants such as sheep, different infectious diseases such as mastitis or contagious agalactia are originated from pathogens as Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma agalactiae. Fluoroquinolones are authorized in dairy animals, including their extralabel use, as an alternative when other treatment failed in the European Union (EU), however, in the United States, are prohibited from extralabel drug use in food-producing animals. Marbofloxacin, a well-known fluoroquinolone is commonly used in dairy cattle in the EU at 10 mg/kg. However, their off-label use in sheep also has been described. Nevertheless, the dose extrapolations from dairy cows should include pharmacokinetic (PK) studies because of interspecies differences and the potential risks of antimicrobial resistance or toxicity. In this regard, the aims of this research were to (1) describe the i.v. and i.m. PK analysis of marbofloxacin in plasma and milk of lactating sheep at 10 mg/kg, (2) determine the MIC and calculate the tentative epidemiological cutoff values (TECOFF) for Mycoplasma agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus wild-type isolates from sheep, and (3) conduct a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis with the Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the probability of target attainment for different MIC values, known as the PK/PD cutoff values. The results of this study could help to establish the efficacy of a 10 mg/kg dosage regimen of marbofloxacin in lactating sheep. Plasma and milk concentrations were described with a nonlinear mixed effects model. The intramuscular biobioavailability was 88%, and the volume of distribution was 1.31 L/kg with a clearance value of 0.38 L/h/kg. Halflives after i.v. and i.m. dosing were 6.53 and 7.09 h in plasma, and 6.62 and 6.65 h in milk, respectively. High concentrations were determined in milk with area under the curve (AUC) milk/plasma ratios close to 1.28. The MIC values for Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma agalactiae were obtained, and TECOFF values of 1.0 and 2.0 μg/mL, respectively, were determined. The Monte Carlo simulations predicted that the dosage regimen of 10 mg/kg per 24 h in lactating sheep can be adequate for intermediate and high MIC values of 0.5 and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively, and could be useful for populations with a target AUC/MIC ratio ≤48 for Staphylococcus aureus, but not for Mycoplasma agalactiae. Results derived for this study could be taken as previous tentative points for further studies of marbofloxacin in lactating and nonlactating sheep in a clinical context.
Open Access
Physicochemical characteristics of fibre sources and their effects on in vitro Escherichia coli infection in IPEC-J2 cells
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-05-09) Ruiz, Eduardo; Martínez Miró, Silvia; Hernández Ruipérez, Fuensanta; Ayala García, Lucía; Madrid Sánchez, Josefa; Ortega Hernández, Nieves; Producción Animal
Feed-related strategies, such as adding fibre to weaned-piglets’ feed, have been suggested to reduce the impact of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in swine production. We performed physicochemical analysis of fibre sources (wheat bran, commercial insoluble fibre (commercial IF), almond shell, beet pulp, dry olive cake, and oat hull) and examined the effects of their soluble fractions on fimbriated (F4) and non-fimbriated (NF) E. coli. Intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells were used as an in vitro model. Almond shell and commercial IF contained more insoluble and total dietary fibre (p < 0.001), while wheat bran contained the least total dietary fibre (p < 0.001). Beet pulp contained the most soluble fibre and had the highest water holding capacity (p < 0.001). Commercial IF had the highest swelling capacity (p < 0.001) and dry olive cake the highest cold solubility (p < 0.001). Based on adherence assays, wheat bran, oat hull, almond shell, and dry olive cake significantly prevented E. coli F4 from adhering to IPEC-J2 cells, whereas for NF E. coli, only dry olive cake reduced bacterial infection (p < 0.05). Dry olive cake was the most effective in reducing expression of proinflammatory cytokines, predominantly interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, aqueous extracts of wheat bran, oat hull, almond shell, and dry olive cake contain compounds that interfere with E. coli F4 adherence to IPEC-J2 cells.
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Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of marbofloxacin against Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma agalactie pathogens in goats
(Elsevier, 2023-04-03) Serrano-Rodríguez, Juan Manuel; Fernández-Varón, Emilio; Cárceles Rodríguez, Carlos; San Andrés-Larrea, Manuel Ignacio; Rubio-Langre, Sonia; Fé Rodríguez, David Christian de la; Waxman Dova, Samanta; Bhardwaj, Pallavi; Sidhu, Pritam Kaur; Litterio, Nicolás Javier; Lorenzutti, Augusto Matías; Farmacología; Facultad de Veterinaria
Marbofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, and an extra-label use has been reported in horse, sheep and goat. However, extrapolation of dosage regimens from cattle to horse and small ruminants could lead to incorrect dosing due to pharmacokinetic differences among species, increasing the risk of antimicrobial resistance or toxicity. Pharmacokinetic properties of marbofloxacin, including PK/PD analysis, have been studied by intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration in lactating and non-lactating goats. A population pharmacokinetic model of marbofloxacin in goats was built using 10 pharmacokinetic studies after intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration at a dose of 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg. Serum or plasma and milk concentration-time profiles were simultaneously fitted with a non-linear mixed effect model with Monolix software. Level of milk production (lactating and non-lactating) and health status (healthy and un-healthy) were retained as covariates on volume of distribution and clearance. Marbofloxacin concentrations were well described in plasma/serum and milk by the population model. Simulated dose regimens of marbofloxacin administered at 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg by intramuscular route for five days were evaluated (n = 5000 per group). Steady-state fAUCs for each dose regimen were obtained. Probability of target attainment of fAUC/MIC ratios were determined and PK/PDco values (highest MIC for which 90% of individuals can achieve a prior numerical value of the fAUC/MIC index) were established using Monte Carlo simulations (n = 50,000). MIC values for wild type isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, and Mycoplasma agalactiae were determined and tentative epidemiological cutoff (TECOFF) were obtained at 1.0, 0.5 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. The PK/PDco for the dose regimen of 2 mg/kg/24 h and 5 mg/kg/24 h (0.125 and 0.25 mg/L) were lower than TECOFF (0.5 and 1 mg/L). The dosage regimen of 10 mg/kg/24 h was adequate for intermediate MIC values of 0.125–0.50 mg/L and could be effective for a population with a target fAUC/MIC ratio ˂ 48 for Coagulase negative staphylococci and Mycoplasma agalactiae, but not for Staphylococcus aureus. Results obtained in this study could be taken as a starting point by committees that set the clinical breakpoints and justifies expert rules to optimize marbofloxacin dose regimens.