Browsing by Subject "Wastewater"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    An Interactive Tool for Simulation of Biological Models Into the Wastewater Treatment With Microalgae
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-07-28) Guzmán Sánchez, José Luis; Fernández Sevilla, José María; Acién Fernández, Francisco Gabriel; Sánchez Zurano, Ana; Ingeniería Química
    Este trabajo presenta una novedosa herramienta de simulación para comprender y analizar modelos biológicos para procesos de tratamiento de aguas residuales utilizando microalgas. Los modelos para este tipo de procesos son muy complejos de analizar debido a los muy diferentes fenómenos, variables y parámetros involucrados. El modelo ya incluido en la herramienta ha sido validado en condiciones controladas que simulan las condiciones exteriores, resultando útil para simular cultivos reales al aire libre. La principal contribución de la herramienta propuesta es que estos modelos pueden simularse y compararse de manera fácil e interactiva. La herramienta permite simular modelos biológicos considerando solo microalgas o incluyendo el consorcio microalgas-bacterias. Además, las simulaciones se pueden realizar utilizando únicamente la contribución de la radiación solar o agregando los efectos ambientales y bacterianos como términos cardinales. Asimismo, se pueden evaluar los efectos de las propiedades de las aguas residuales o de diferentes cepas de microalgas. Las simulaciones interactivas se pueden realizar para días seleccionados como representativos de las diferentes estaciones del año que ya están precargadas en la herramienta. Sin embargo, el usuario también puede cargar datos de otras ubicaciones para simular los modelos en condiciones particulares.
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    Application of reverse osmosis to remove aniline from wastewater
    (Elsevier B.V., 2009) Gómez, J.L.; León, G.; Hidalgo Montesinos, Asunción María; Gómez, M.; Murcia Almagro, María Dolores; Griñán, G.; Ingeniería Química
    The presence of organic toxic solutes in industrial wastewater is a common environmental problem. Aniline is known to be a harmful and persistent pollutant and its presence in wastewater requires treatment before disposal. The performance of reverse osmosis to remove aniline from aqueous solutions is studied in this paper. The study has been carried out in a flat membrane test module using three thin layer composite membranes, two of polyamide, HR98PP and SEPA-MS05, and one of polyether sulphone, DESAL-3B. Recycling of both concentrate and permeate has been carried out in order to keep the feed concentration practically constant and so simulate a continuous process in a quasi-stationary state. The influence of different operational variables (pressure, feed volumetric flow rate, feed concentration and pH) on the performance of the aniline removal process is analyzed.
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    Degradación de los recursos hídricos en un ambiente semiárido. Las lagunas de Bustillos y de los Mexicanos (Chihuahua, México)
    (2016-06-13) Amado Álvarez, Jesús Pilar; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Ramírez Valle, Orlando; Alarcón Cabañero, Juan José
    En la parte central del estado de Chihuahua (México) se encuentra la cuenca de drenaje que alimenta las lagunas endorreicas de Bustillos, y de los Mexicanos. Estos humedales de especial interés ambiental, se encuentran amenazados por una fuerte presión de actividades humanas. Para este trabajo se han planteado una serie de análisis químicos, físicos y microbiológicos, que determinan unos elevados índices de contaminación en estos hábitats acuáticos. Los resultados han mostrado bajos índices de oxígeno disuelto y elevadas concentraciones en nitratos y bacterias coliformes en el agua. Se ha detectado que las principales fuentes de contaminación de estos recursos hídricos son las actividades agropecuarias, los vertidos de aguas residuales de las áreas urbanas y, en mayor medida, por los desechos de los tratamientos industriales.
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    Isolation and characterization of FS01, a lytic bacteriophage infecting Salmonella typhimurium
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025) Guillén-Vásquez, Abraham; Zumaeta, Kattya; Talledo, Miguel; Sin departamento asociado
    Salmonella contamination represents a health and economic problem. This study isolated and characterized a lytic bacteriophage, FS01, active against S. typhimurium. FS01 showed a MOI of 1, anadsorption rate of 1.9x10-9 mL/min, and a growth curve with an eclipse period of 10 minutes, a latency period of 15 minutes, and a burst size of 10 virions per cell. It has an icosahedral capsid (64.4 nm) and a flexible tail (182.2 nm), suggestive of Siphoviridae family affiliation, with a narrow host range. It is thermally stable between 40–60 ºC for 30 minutes, viable within a pH range of 6–9, and sensitive to chloroform and UV light. FS01 inhibited bacterial growth starting at 3 hours. FS01 exhibits properties of a promising biocontrol agent for decontaminating food and surfaces.
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    Nanofiltration membranes to reduce phenol concentration in wastewater
    (Elsevier B.V., ) Bódalo, A.; Gómez, E.; Hidalgo Montesinos, Asunción María; Gómez, M.; Murcia Almagro, María Dolores; López, I.; Ingeniería Química
    Physical, chemical and biological methods have been described to remove phenolic compounds. None of them are the definitively solution of the environmental problem caused by the discharge of this pollutants. Hybrid processes that combine pressure driven membrane processes with adsorption processes have been developed. Our research group studied the removal of phenol with three reverse osmosis membranes, the rejection percentages obtained were very low (40%), besides this parameter increases when the operating pressure decreases. For this reason, in this paper, a study of phenol removal from aqueous solutions by nanofiltration using different experimental conditions (feed phenol concentration, pressure and pH) and different membranes (NF-97, NF-99 and DSS-HR98PP) is carried out. Water permeability coefficients were also obtained. The best results are obtained with DSS-HR98PP membrane increasing the rejection percentage up to 80%.
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    Polyamide nanofiltration membranes to remove aniline in aqueous solutions
    (Taylor and Francis Group, Taylor and Francis, 2013-12-09) Hidalgo Montesinos, Asunción María; León, G.; Gómez Gómez, María; Murcia Almagro, María Dolores; Bernal, M.D.; Ortega Requena, Salvadora; Ingeniería Química; Facultad de Química
    Aniline is commonly used in a number of industrial processes. It is known to be a harmful and persistent pollutant and its presence in wastewater requires treatment before disposal. In this paper, the effectiveness of nanofiltration (NF) to remove aniline from aqueous solutions is studied in a flat membrane test module using two thin-layer composite membranes of polyamide (NF97 and NF99HF). The influence of different operational variables (applied pressure, feed concentration and pH) on the removal of aniline from synthetic aqueous solutions was analysed. The experimental NF results are compared with results previously obtained by reverse osmosis. Based on this comparative study, the effective order for aniline rejection is: HR98PP>NF97>DESAL3B>SEPA-MS05>NF99HF.
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    Reclamation of aqueous waste solutions polluted with pharmaceutical and pesticide residues by biological-photocatalytic (solar) coupling in situ for agricultural reuse.
    (Elsevier, 2022) Pérez-Lucas, Gabriel; El Aatik, Aldo; Aliste, Marina; Hernández, Virginia; Fenoll, José; Navarro, Simón; Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología
    This work focuses on the detoxification of aqueous waste solutions polluted with 24 emerging pollutants (13 pharmaceuticals and 11 pesticides) using a coupled biological-photocatalytic facility under natural sunlight for use in crop irrigation. The polluted wastewater (urban, agricultural, and industrial) processed by conventional wastewater treatment plants is in some cases insufficient to reach the degree of purity required. This concern is of particular interest, especially in areas where a low rainfall pattern provides insufficient water resources to meet the demands caused by agriculture, which requires increased reuse of wastewater effluents. For this purpose, polluted water was first subjected to biological treatment followed by a photocatalytic process using the tandem TiO2/Na2S2O8. Residues of pharmaceuticals and pesticides were isolated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analysed by HPLC-QqQ-MS2. A notorious removal of pharmaceuticals was observed after biological treatment (average removal = 78%), except for diclofenac (31%) and carbamazepine (1%). In a contrary way, biodegradation of pesticides was inconspicuous (average removal = 48%) due to their recalcitrant properties. However, all compounds were rapidly degraded during the photocatalytic treatment because the fluence (H) required to obtain 90% degradation (H90) was<470 kJ m−2 for the most persistent pollutant (terbuthylazine). Single first order kinetic model satisfactorily explained the photooxidation of all micropollutants. Therefore, solar heterogeneous photocatalysis is presented as a promising technology to be incorporated as a tertiary process in wastewater treatment plants to remove biorecalcitrant pollutants. This implementation could be interesting especially in arid and semi-arid areas characterised by water scarcity but receiving many hours of sunshine per year, where a high percentage of reclaimed water is used for crop irrigation.
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    La reutilización del agua y la economía circular
    (Escola d'Administració Pública de Catalunya, 2024-06-19) Navarro Caballero, Teresa María; Derecho Administrativo
    España es un país caracterizado por la irregular distribución temporal y espacial de los recursos hídricos, de ahí que la búsqueda de caudales alternativos con los que satisfacer las demandas haya sido una constante. Por ello, la reutilización ha tenido un papel muy relevante y goza de gran tradición normativa y experiencia práctica, especialmente en el sureste peninsular. En este trabajo se estudia el nuevo régimen jurídico de la reutilización del agua en España tras la reforma del texto refundido de la Ley de Aguas (TRLA) para adaptarlo al nuevo Reglamento (UE) 2020/741, relativo a los requisitos mínimos para la reutilización del agua.