Browsing by Subject "Soft tissue"

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    Angiofibroma of soft tissue: Current status of pathology and genetics
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2022) Nakayama, Shizuhide; Nishio, Jun; Aoki, Mikiko; Koga, Kaori; Nabeshima, Kazuki; Yamamoto, Takuaki
    y. Angiofibroma of soft tissue (AFST) is a new soft tissue tumor entity described in the 2020 World Health Organization Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors. It most often arises in the lower extremities of middle-aged adults and pursues a benign clinical course with a low rate of non-destructive local recurrence. Histologically, the lesion consists of uniform bland spindle cells in a fibromyxoid stroma with a prominent vascular network. The vascular component forms a complex arrangement of small, thin-walled branching blood vessels. By immunohistochemistry, AFST is variably positive for epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, smooth muscle actin, CD34, CD68, CD163 and estrogen receptor. The exact etiology of AFST remains unknown, but it appears genetically distinct, with a balanced t(5;8)(p15;q13) translocation resulting in a fusion of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) and nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (NCOA2). Knowledge of this recently described entity is important because it can mimic a variety of intermediate and malignant soft tissue tumors, including solitary fibrous tumor, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma and low-grade myxofibrosarcoma. We review AFST, with an emphasis on the diagnostic spectrum, recent molecular genetic features and the differential diagnosis.
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    Morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation of ganglion cysts. Cross-sectional study of 354 cases
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2014) O’Valle, Francisco; Hernández-Cortés, Pedro; Aneiros Fernández, José; Caba Molina, Mercedes; Gómez-Morales, Mercedes; Cámara, Miguel; Payá, Jorge A.; Aguilar, David; Del Moral, Raimundo G.; Aneiros, Jose
    The aim of this study was to characterize the morphology and immunophenotype of ganglion cysts (GCs) and explore their histogenetic origin. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional morphological and immunohistochemical study of 354 GCs used the following antibody panel: vimentin, specific actin, ß- actin, smooth-muscle actin, smoothelin, h-caldesmon, ß- catenin, desmin, calponin, podoplanin, keratins 5/6, Ecadherin, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), lysozyme, CD10, CD31, CD33, CD34, CD68, Ki-67, and PCNA. Doubleblind semi-quantitative analyses were conducted to evaluate the immunopositivity on a 4-point scale. Samples from 10 synovial membranes and 10 scapholunate ligaments were compared. GCs showed a hyalinized wall with mesenchymal spindle cells and were intensely positive for vimentin, actins, h-caldesmon, calponin in all cases and for podoplanin in 53% of cases, suggesting features of early muscle differentiation, without ruling out a myofibroblastic origin. Focal cavity lining of nonsynovial flat or raised cells (CD34/CD31/CD10/Ecadherin-negative and podoplanin-positive in 34% of cases) was detected in 93% of cases, showing differential expression with synovial membrane and scapholunate ligament cells. Nuclear positivity for proliferative markers was observed in GC wall cells (258.1±255; 1019.3±316 positive cells/mm2, Ki-67 and PCNA, respectively) but positivity for these markers was significantly lower (p<0.001 Mann Whitney U-test) in scapholunate ligament samples. Conclusion: In this first immunohistochemical study of GCs, focal cellular lining of the cavity was observed in almost all cases, and the immunophenotype was identical to that of GC wall cells. These cells are immunohistochemically different from synoviocytes and scapholunate ligament cells and show characteristics of myofibroblasts or mesenchymal cells undergoing early muscle differentiation.