Browsing by Subject "Productivity"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Analysis of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Hotel Sector Spanish: An Efficiency Study by Regions
    (MDPI, 2025-03-18) Alberca Oliver, María Pilar; Santos Jaén, José Manuel; Giménez Espín, Juan Antonio; Economía Financiera y Contabilidad
    In this paper, the non-parametric frontier methodology (DEA) with input orientation, variable returns to scale, and the Malmquist productivity indices are used to study the level of national and regional efficiency and know the productive change of Spanish hotels in the period 2014–2021, after the health crisis caused by COVID-19. The main objective of this paper is to know if the national and regional efficiency and total productivity of this sector have changed due to this pandemic. The data were extracted from the Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System (SABI) and the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE). The results obtained make it possible to determine which regions are the most efficient (Asturias, Castilla-León, and Cantabria) and to know that changes in productivity have their origin in efficiency. Furthermore, in 2021, after eliminating the restrictions imposed to fight COVID-19, investments made by hotel companies led to great technical progress. Thus, contrary to what one might think, the pandemic did positively affect the productivity of these companies, thanks to great technical progress and better adjustment of their scale. Besides, it is possible that COVID-19 has shifted tourism from regions with large cities to those with more natural areas, so the most efficient regions are those where natural tourism stands out.
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    Caracterización económica del sector productor de alimentos en España
    (Fundación de las Cajas de Ahorros (FUNCAS), 2024-03) Martínez Paz, José Miguel; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Federico; Colino Sueiras, José; Economía Aplicada
    Para entender y contextualizar la situación de un sistema alimentario es necesario conocer los rasgos definitorios de su sector productivo, de alimentos frescos y procesados, al ser el eslabón inicial del mismo y pieza angular de la seguridad alimentaria. Este es el objetivo de este trabajo, en el que se ofrece una caracterización económica agregada de la producción de alimentos en España, incluyéndose una descripción del sector primario –agricultura, ganadería y pesca–, la industria alimentaria y su comercio exterior, analizando su evolución en la última década y su relevancia en el contexto productivo nacional y de la Unión Europea. ------------
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    Does tax avoidance affect productivity in SMEs?
    (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2024-05-23) Sánchez Ballesta, Juan Pedro; Yagüe, José; Organización de Empresas y Finanzas; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Organización de Empresas y Finanzas
    Purpose The present paper examines whether tax avoidance practices affect productivity in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study also analyses whether this association is moderated by firm size, firm financial constraints, management control of cash flows, or information risk. Design/methodology/approach This study used a sample of Spanish SMEs for the period 2006-2020. Tax avoidance was measured as the difference between the statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate, and three proxies for productivity were used: overall productivity, capital productivity and labour productivity. Firm fixed effects regressions, propensity score matching and change regressions were used to address the potential sample selection bias and endogeneity between tax avoidance and productivity. Findings The results of the empirical analysis suggest that tax avoidance increases productivity in SMEs. This beneficial effect of tax avoidance was found to be higher in small firms than in medium-sized firms, but smaller in firms that faced financial constraints. Furthermore, the findings showed that the tax avoidance effect on productivity was stronger in firms where managers had less control over the cash flow –i.e. dividend-paying firms–, and weaker in firms with lower quality of financial information – i.e. firms with qualified audit reports. Research implications This study contributes to the research on the economic consequences of tax avoidance by examining its impact on firm-level productivity in SMEs. From additional analyses, the findings of the study suggest that the positive effect of tax avoidance on firm productivity depends on firm size, the financial slack of the firm, and the costs of agency conflicts and information problems associated with tax avoidance. Practical implications The results of this study have implications for SMEs, suggesting that cash flows obtained through tax avoidance, if properly used, may increase firm productivity. In planning their tax avoidance practices, SME managers could take advantage of specific tax incentives designed for SMEs, which is particularly relevant given the low productivity levels of these firms. The findings also highlight the importance of maintaining high-quality information and implementing mechanisms to mitigate the agency risks associated with tax avoidance to enhance the productivity of SMEs. Social implications This study provides important insights to policymakers on SME tax policy, supporting the special tax rules for SMEs − in force in many OECD and EU countries− which aim to create an environment conducive to SME growth. The findings of the study also have macroeconomic implications, given the importance of firm productivity as a determinant of economic growth and the relevance of SMEs in most national economies. Originality/value This study provides novel empirical evidence on the effects of tax avoidance on firm-level productivity in SMEs. Despite the prevalence of SMEs as the predominant type of organization in most countries, no prior research has comprehensively examined this issue for this type of firm. This research question was addressed by considering proxies for overall, capital, and labour productivity and by examining how SME characteristics affect this relationship.
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    Economic and Financial Snapshot of small spanish family firms
    (2019) Terrón Ibáñez, Sara; Gómez-Miranda, María Elena; Miras Rodríguez, María del Mar; Rodríguez Ariza, Lázaro
    The aim of this study is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences between smallSpanish companies according to their family or non-family nature, in terms of their main economic andfinancial indicators. The study data analysed correspond to the years 2003, 2007 and 2013, which enabledus to examine whether the characteristics observed and any differences between these companies persistedduring a period featuring three different economic scenarios. The study sample was composed of 21,192small family firms and 4,449 small non-family firms.The results obtained show that, regardless of the national economic situation, there were statistically sig-nificant differences between the two types of companies for certain economic and financial indicators. Weconclude that the family nature of a company has a negative impact on productivity, the number of employ-ees and levels of investment and turnover. Moreover, family firms face higher costs of external financingthan do non-family businesses.
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    "Más tontos que el novio de la Chelo". La intensificación de la estulticia en foros y chats por medio de comparaciones creativas: una aproximación desde la Gramática de construcciones.
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2021) Ivorra Ordines, Pedro; Mellado Blanco, Carmen
    Adopting a corpus-based approach, the main aim of this study is to inductively describe the intensifying comparative construction [ser más tonto que X]: ‘be foolish in its highest degree’. Therefore, it will be applied the Construction Grammar approach. In this sense, lexical "llers of the slot X will be quantitatively and qualitatively analysed in order to determine the entrenchment and productivity of the construction, as well as to "nd out potential recurrent traits of its creativity. This study aims to show the "ne line between lexicalised and creative units,, the latter being the most predominant.
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    Medida de la eficiencia en entidades no lucrativas: un estudio empírico para fundaciones asistenciales
    (2014) Martínez Franco, Carmen M.; Guzmán Raja, Isidoro
    La medida del rendimiento de cualquier unidad de decisión es un objetivo ciertamente deseable para conocer si la aplicación de sus recursos económicos (inputs) es adecuada en cada momento para conseguir su objetivo productivo. En este sentido, las entidades sin fines lucrativos no son ajenas a esta necesidad de gestión, presentando dificultades añadidas la medida de su desempeño, dado que por su carácter de «no lucrativas» su objetivo último no es la maximización de beneficio, sino la consecución de fines de carácter social, en ocasiones difícilmente cuantificables. En el contexto descrito, el presente trabajo evalúa, dentro del sector de las entidades sin fines lucrativos, el rendimiento de las fundaciones estatales de tipo asistencial radicadas en Espa˜na, mediante la aplicación de la técnica no paramétrica del análisis envolvente de datos (DEA), capaz de determinar la frontera de «buenas prácticas» de las unidades evaluadas a partir de un modelo de optimización matemática, al tiempo que permite estudiar las variaciones del cambio productivo a través del cálculo del índice de productividad total de los factores de Malmquist basado en la metodología DEA mencionada. El estudio se complementa con un análisis DEA en 2 etapas aplicando un modelo de regresión logit para evaluar la posible asociación de covariables de relevancia en el sector de las fundaciones, tales como su tamaño, liquidez, endeudamiento y antigüedad, con el rendimiento de dichas organizaciones previamente calculado.