Browsing by Subject "Pollution"
Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- PublicationOpen AccessAcute toxicity of anionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) on the fertilizing(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2001) Rosety, M.A.; Ordóñez Muñoz, F.J.; Rosety-Rodriguez, M.; Rosety, J.M.; Rosety, I.; Carrasco, C.; Ribelles, A.In the present work we have evaluated and compared the acute toxicity of two anionic surfactants, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) and Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) on the fertilizing capability of gilthead Sparus aurata L. sperm. The criterion used to judge exposure effectiveness was fertilization success. Spawned eggs and sperms were collected from adult giltheads. Sperms were dosed separately with different concentrations of SDS and LAS for 60 minutes. After this period, sperms and eggs were combined for 20 minutes during which fertilization took place. Finally, the number of fertilized eggs were counted and recorded to estimate the percentage of fertilization. Exposure to SDS and LAS concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/L for 60 minutes caused a significant inhibitory effect on fertilization success in gilthead Sparus aurata L.. In addition, the EC50 value for gilthead fertilization after sperm exposure was found to be 2.8 mg/L and in the case of LAS it was of 2.6 The comparison of the results from SDS and LAS shows that the latter has a stronger negative effect on sperm viability than SDS.
- PublicationOpen AccessComparative study of the acute toxicity of anionic surfactans alky benzene sulphonate (ABS) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on gilthead, Sparus aurata L., eggs(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2001) Rosety, M.A.; Ordóñez Muñoz, F.J.; Rosety-Rodriguez, M.; Rosety, J.M.; Rosety, I.; Carrasco, C.; Ribelles, A.In the present work we have evaluated the acute toxicity of two anionic surfactants, alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to eggs of gilthead Sparus aurata. At each surfactant concentration, we determined the exposure time required for 50% mortality of the eggs (LT50), surface tension and volume of oil globule in gilthead eggs. Clear dose-response relationships for mortality of gilthead eggs was observed for both toxicants; at 30 mg/L 50% mortality took place at 45 minutes for ABS and 8 minutes for SDS. At this concentration, SDS was almost six times more toxic than ABS (LT50 is compared). However, at 0.3 mg/L 50% mortality occurred after exposures of 535 minutes to ABS and 425 minutes to SDS. Descriptively, our results showed SDS was more toxic than ABS at high concentrations whereas at low concentrations their toxicity was very similar. However, statistical analysis demonstrated there were no significant differences in the toxicity of both surfactants to gilthead eggs. Surface tension value at each concentration of both surfactants was also calculated. We found that these values decreased with increasing concentration of each surfactant, and this trend was more pronounced in solutions of SDS. We also found that the volume of the oil globule of exposed eggs was influenced by surfactants. After exposure, its volume clearly decreased in comparison to controls, mainly in eggs exposed to SDS.
- PublicationOpen AccessEvaluation of C-reactive-like protein in Mytilus galloprovincialis(Elsevier, 2019-07-05) Franco-Martínez, Lorena; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Mateo, Sandra V.; Cerón, José J.; Romero, Diego; Oliveira, Miguel; Teles, Mariana; Martínez-Subiela, Silvia; Ciencias SociosanitariasC-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein of the innate immune system with an important role as biomarker in many biological processes in mammals. However, there is a lack of information regarding CRP in molluscs and there is no data about the presence of CRP-like protein in mussels. In the present work, CPR-like protein was identified and purified from the digestive gland of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis In addition, it was demonstrated that CRP-like protein can be measured accurately and precisely by a high- throughput automated method. Finally, higher levels of CRP-like protein in mussels exposed to hypoxia and nanoplastics were detected when compared to controls. The results obtained indicate that CRP-like protein could be a suitable novel biomarker of inflammatory response in mussels for biomonitoring programs being economic, easy and rapid to determine.
- PublicationOpen AccessImpact of particulate matter on the incidence of atrial fibrillation and the risk of adverse clinical outcomes: a review(Elsevier, 2023-04-04) Mandaglio-Collados, Darío; López-Gálvez, Raquel; Ruiz Alcaraz, Antonio José; López-García, Cecilia; Roldán Schilling, Vanessa; Lip, Gregory Y.H.; Marín Ortuño, Francisco; Rivera Caravaca, José Miguel; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología; Facultad de BiologíaBackground. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common and increases the risk of stroke and mortality. Previous studies have suggested that air pollution is an important risk factor for new-onset AF. Herein, we review the evidence regarding: 1) the association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and new-onset AF, and 2) the risk of worse clinical outcomes in patients with pre-existent AF and their relation to PM exposure. Methods. A selection of studies between 2000 and 2023 linking PM exposure and AF was performed through searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results. 17 studies from different geographical areas demonstrated that exposure to PM was associated with an increased risk of new-onset AF, although the results were heterogeneous regarding the temporal pattern (short- or long-term) ultimately related to AF. Most of the studies concluded that the risk of new-onset AF increased between 2 %–18 % per 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 or PM10 concentrations, whereas the incidence (percentage of change of incidence) increased between 0.29 %–2.95 % per 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 or PM10. Evidence about the association between PM and adverse events in patients with pre-existent AF was scarce but 4 studies showed a higher risk of mortality and stroke (between 8 %–64 % in terms of hazard ratio) in patients with pre-existent AF when PM exposure was higher. Conclusions. Exposure to PM (both PM2.5 and PM10) is a risk factor for AF, and a risk factor for mortality and stroke in patients who already suffer from AF. Since the relationship between PM and AF is independent of the region of the world, PM should be considered as a global risk factor for both AF and worse clinical outcomes in AF patients. Specific measures to prevent air pollution exposure need to be adopted.
- PublicationOpen AccessIn vitro acute toxicity of anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) on the motility of gilthead (Sparus aurata L.) sperm(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2003) Rosety, M.A.; Ordóñez Muñoz, F.J.; Rosety-Rodriguez, M.; Rosety, J.M.; Rosety, I.This paper describes the acute toxicity of a known anionic surfactant, Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS), on the quality of gilthead Sparus aurata L. sperm. The parameter used to judge exposure effectiveness was sperm motility as well as its fertilizing ability after being combined with unexposed gilthead eggs. Preincubation of sperm suspensions with concentrations of LAS of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L caused decrease in sperm motility and fertilizing ability. In this respect, percentages of motile sperm were respectively 89.8±9.8, 81.7±16.3, 69.5±21.3, 57.1±19.1 and 21.2±10.9%. With regard to the percentage of fertilization success, the results were 85.7±8.1, 75.1±20.2, 62.9±19.7, 52.7±19.2 and 14.2±7.9% respectively. At concentrations of LAS of 0.5 mg/L or higher, the differences in both percentage of motility and fertilizing ability with controls were significant (p<5%). Although extrapolation from the laboratory to the field requires caution, the results of this work demonstrated that low-level surfactant pollution may impact directly on reproduction of the free gametes (sperm) released into water. It may lead to a long-term decline and eventual extinction of gilthead populations in nature when they are located close to effluents that are either untreated or receive inadequate secondary treatment. It is also quite important because this species constitutes an important link in the food chain and its death via exposure to surfactants may imbalance the littoral ecosystem.
- PublicationOpen AccessInorganic elements in blood, eggs, and embryos of olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) from Sanquianga Natural National Park, Colombia(Elsevier, ) Hurtado-Sierra, Laura Nathalia; Giraldo, Alan; Martínez-López, Emma; Gallego-Zerrato, Juan José; Cortés-Gómez, Adriana Azucena; Gómez Ramírez, Pilar; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe concentration of eight inorganic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se and Zn) was analysed for the first time in the blood (adults), eggs, embryos, embryo carapaces, and sand from nests of olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) of the Sanquianga National Natural Park (Colombian Pacific coast). Zinc was the element that showed the highest concentration, followed by Cr and Se. Sand and embryo carapaces were the samples that showed the highest concentrations. Significant correlations were identified between the elements, being most of them reported by first time in this species. Molar ratio Se:Hg was greater than 1 in all the samples, indicating that there is sufficient Se to bind to Hg, and therefore, counteracting its potential toxicity to health. Likewise, five correlations were associated with the carapace of the embryos and none with sand, suggesting maternal transfer contamination. The results obtained provide novel information about exposure to inorganic elements in nesting sea turtles in the eastern tropical Pacific.
PublicationRestrictedPollution-induced migration and environmental policy in an economic geography model(Elsevier, 2023-12-05) Caballero, María Victoria; Martínez-García, María Pilar; Morales, José R.; Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la EmpresaThis paper develops a two-region New Economic Geography model with polluting firms subject to regional abatement policies. Pollution accumulates in the local environment and decreases the welfare of the population. We show that environmental policies have two opposing effects on welfare: they reduce nominal wages and increase environmental quality. If environmental regulations are equally strict in the two regions then population, pollution and wages tend to converge as trade becomes more open. If the two regions have different but unambitious environmental regulations, firms agglomerate in the laxer region, which becomes a pollution haven. However, a sufficiently far-reaching environmental policy in one of the regions raises its environmental quality, increasing its attractiveness for population and firms, and the emergence of a pollution haven is avoided. We also show that if the natural absorption rate of pollution is low, the environment recovers slowly, population and firms move between regions in a pollute-and-flee cycle and no static equilibrium is reached.- PublicationOpen AccessEl sonido del aprendizaje : análisis acústico del IES Floridablanca.(Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia, Consejería de Educación y Cultura, Servicio de Publicaciones., 2024) Meseguer Belmonte, PedroLa contaminación acústica es un problema creciente en entornos urbanos y educativos que puede tener graves repercusiones en la salud y el bienestar de las personas. Este estudio se centra en analizar el nivel de contaminación acústica en el IES Floridablanca, para comprobar la calidad acústica del entorno en el que conviven a diario alumnos, profesores y demás trabajadores, utilizando mediciones del nivel de intensidad sonora en diferentes ubicaciones y horarios. Se postula que la ejecución de una campaña de concienciación entre el alumnado del IES Floridablanca resultará en una disminución significativa del ruido. El marco teórico aborda conceptos clave relacionados con el ruido, incluyendo su definición física, la influencia del entorno y los materiales en la acústica, así como los efectos negativos de la contaminación acústica en la salud y, en concreto, dentro del ámbito educativo. La experimentación consistió en mediciones iniciales del nivel de ruido en ubicaciones específicas del centro educativo y horarios determinados, seguidas de una campaña de concienciación del alumnado con actividades diseñadas para promover la reducción del ruido. Finalmente, se volvieron a tomar medidas para evaluar si la campaña tuvo un impacto significativo en los niveles de ruido. Los resultados de este estudio proporcionarán información importante sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones para abordar la contaminación acústica en entornos educativos.
- PublicationOpen AccessLo sviluppo sociale, l’ecocidio naturale: uno sguardo ecofemminista alla società nel romanzo L’isola delle madri(Università degli Studi di Milano, 2024-06-01) Reyes Ferrer, María; Filología Francesa, Románica, Italiana y ÁrabeL’ecofemminismo, con le sue radici nell’analisi intersezionale, evidenzia le connessioni tra il dominio sulla natura e l’oppressione delle donne. Questa categoria di analisi integra i principi dell’ecologia e del femminismo, promuovendo una filosofia che ripensa l’attuale modello sociale e posiziona l’individuo in relazione con gli altri e con l’ambiente naturale. Il romanzo eco-distopico di Maria Rosa Cutrufelli, L’isola delle madri, proietta una luce anticipatoria sugli impatti su natura e società di un mondo fondato su principi biocidi ed ecocidi. Descrive una società scaturita da politiche ed economie egemoniche, concentrate sul guadagno immediato, disgiunte dalla vita, dalla terra e dai corpi. Questa eco-distopia, illustrata magistralmente da Cutrufelli, si rivela scenario di oscure conseguenze di un’era post-naturale. Attraverso l’ottica dell’ecofemminismo, il saggio analizza i temi centrali del romanzo quali la distruzione della biodiversità e l’infertilità, risultati di un malinteso concetto di sviluppo. Lo studio si estende oltre il testo letterario, esaminando il contesto socioculturale per esplorare come l’ecodistopia, oltre a essere un genere letterario, diventi un incisivo strumento di critica sociale e ambientale.