Browsing by Subject "Piglets"
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- PublicationOpen AccessDevelopment of the small intestine of piglets in response to prenatal elevation of glucocorticoids(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Bate, L.A.; Ireland, William P.; Connell, B.J.; Grimmelt, B.The effects of prenatal adrenal stimulation and synthetic glucocorticoicl supplementation on developrncnt of the gastro-intestinal tract of the piglet were investigated. Twelve pregnant sows were treated with either ACTH infusion. Isoflupredone injection or Saline between days I05 and 112 of gestation. Neonatal pigs were weighed. bled and sacrificed at 0 or at 6 h. Piglets sacrificed at 6 h were fed bovine colostrum. Trailsvcrse sections were prcpared from the duucienuin. i e j ~ ~ n uman cl ileum for measurcment of thc villus amplification factor (VAF) and basal membrane circunifercnce. Sows in the ACTH group showed an cle\,ation in cortisol in response to infusion: this decreased aftcr infusion and then rose again at parturition. Piglcts from both the ACTH and Saline groups had more villus surface area per unit of body weight (BW) than those born to Isotluprcdone-treated animals. The BW of the ACTH piglets was lowcr (P < 0.05) than those of piglets in the other groups. Whcn the weight of thc stomach and the Small Intestine (SI) was cxpressetl as a function of thc body weight, tlic stomach and S1:BW ratio was larger (p < 0.05) in pigs born to ACTH-treated sows. The circumfcrence of the ilcurn was larger at 6 h than at 0 h. Control pigs had a higher concentration of bovine IgG at 4 and 6 h (P < 0.05). Observations of thc light microscvpic preparations indicated a less organized epithelium in both ACTH and isotluprcdone pigs sacrificed at O Ii. Light and EM preparations of ileum from ACTH pigs sacrificed at 6 h. showcd an abundance of dark-stained vacuoles. characteristic of IgG-containing structures. These became lcss evident in piglets from the Isotlupredone group and even less so in thc control groups. The consequences of these phenomena in terms of absorptive capacity are discusscd.
- PublicationOpen AccessEffect of Parity on Reproductive Performance and Composition of Sow Colostrum during First 24 h Postpartum(MDPI, 2020-10-12) Segura, Mónica M.; Martínez-Miró, Silvia; López, Miguel J.; Madrid, Josefa; Hernández, Fuensanta; Producción AnimalThe aim of this study is to assess the e ects of parity number on sow reproductive performance and the chemical and immunological composition of colostrum and immunoglobin concentrations in the sera of the sows. Colostrum samples were collected at 0, 6 and 24 h after the births of the first piglets from 56 sows with di erent numbers of parturitions (ranging 1–6). The piglets born alive to primiparous sows had lower birth weights (p < 0.05) than piglets from second and fourth parturition sows. The colostrum composition was influenced (p < 0.05) by parity number: primiparous sows had higher concentrations of dry matter, fat, lactose and non-fat-solids. No parity-dependent di erences were found concerning total protein amount. Colostrumcomposition was drastically a ected (p < 0.001) by sampling time—the highest concentrations of dry matter and protein and lowest concentrations of fat and lactose were found immediately after parturition (0 h). The study revealed no e ect of parity (p 0.05) on the concentrations of immunoglobulins in colostrum. The immunoglobulin with the highest level in sow serum at day 110 of gestation was IgG, while IgA showed the lowest values and greater variability with respect to parity from an immunological point of view. Regarding the relationship between serum Ig levels at the end of gestation and colostrum Ig, serum IgG showed a strong correlation with colostrum IgG and IgM, while colostrum IgG was strongly related with colostrum IgM, but not with IgA. IgA did not correlate with any other immunoglobulin. The di erent behaviors of the immunoglobins in colostrum were probably due to IgG coming almost exclusively from the sows’ sera, whereas IgA is mainly synthetized by the mammary gland
- PublicationEmbargoEffects of dietary polyamines at physiologic doses in early-weaned piglets(Elsevier, 2009-01-22) Sabater Molina, María; Larqué, Elvira; Torrella, Francisco; Plaza, Javier; Muñoz, Antonio; Zamora, Salvador; Lozano Parejo, Teresa; Ciencias SociosanitariasObjective: Polyamines are essential for many cell functions, and they form part of the composition of maternal milk; despite this, their addition to infant formulas is currently under evaluation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of milk formulas designed to resemble sow milk supplemented with polyamines at maternal physiologic milk doses on the gut maturation of early-weaned piglets. Methods: We fed 30 newborn piglets with maternal milk (n=10), a control milk formula (n=10), or a milk formula supplemented with polyamines (5 nmol/mL of spermine and 20 nmol/mL of spermidine, n=10) for 13 d (day 2 after birth through day 15). Several growth and intestinal development parameters were measured. Results: The piglets fed the formula containing polyamine at physiologic doses showed significantly increased crypt depth in the small intestine compared with those fed with the control formula. Villus length was correlated to crypt depth. Although there were no differences in the disaccharidase activities between the animals fed the two formulas, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities tended to be higher in the jejunum of those fed the polyamine-supplemented diet. Dietary polyamines did not significantly modify the gut mucosal concentrations of putrescine, spermine, or spermidine. Conclusion: Milk formulas supplemented with polyamines at maternal milk physiologic doses slightly enhanced gut growth and maturation in neonatal piglets.
- PublicationRestrictedEffects of dietary supplementation with purple garlic powder and oregano essential oil on intestinal health in post‑weaning piglets from commercial farms(Springer, 2022) Serrano‑Jara, Daniel; Rivera‑Gomis, Jorge; Tornel, José Antonio; Bernabé, Antonio; Martínez‑Conesa, Cristina; Cánovas, Ricardo; Otal, Julio; Cubero, María José; Navarro Cámara, José Antonio; Sanidad AnimalThis work studied the effects of the inclusion of Purple Garlic Powder (PGP) and Oregano Essential Oil (OEO) in the feed, at different doses and combinations, on intestinal health and the growth performance of 140 and 3000 piglets, respectively, weaned at 21 days of age. Seven dietary treatments were used: a negative control group (basal diet), a positive control group with ZnO (3000 mg/Kg of feed), two groups with OEO at 0.4% and 1.2% respectively, two groups with PGP at 0.4% and 2% respectively and one group with OEO at 1.2% combined with PGP at 2%. Only the positive control group received ZnO in the diet. Each group of piglets received the treatment for seven weeks, from weaning, and were later sacrificed to obtain jejunum and ileum samples for counting of goblet cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and IgA-producing cells. The growth performance were measured at the beginning and at the end of the seven weeks. In jejunum and ileum, the number of goblet cells increased in the groups with ZnO, PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and PGP 2% + OEO 1.2%, presenting significant differences with the rest of the groups. The results obtained for the intraepithelial lymphocyte count were in line with those obtained for the count of goblet cells. Regarding IgA-producing cells, the groups that showed significantly favourable results in the jejunum and ileum were OEO 1.2%, PGP 2% and their combination, but the groups that showed the most similar means to ZnO were the OEO 0.4% and the PGP 0.4%. Regarding the growth performance, PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and their combination had simi-lar results to ZnO. The intestinal health of piglets could be improved, without harming the growth performance, by means of the supplementation of PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and PGP 2% + OEO 1.2% offering a natural alternative to the use of ZnO.
PublicationOpen AccessFAIR Data for compounds included in the article "The supplementation with beta-1,3-glucan from Euglena gracillis to sows improve piglet’s performance and ensure a good immune status of the sow"(2024-05-20) Gutiérrez Montes, Ana María; Martínez, Mateo; Fuentes, Pablo; Neto, Ricardo; Kirwan, Susanne; Casiró, Sebastián; Matas Quintanilla, Marta; Medicina y Cirugía AnimalRaw data of the measurements of salivary biomarkers in sows- PublicationOpen AccessGrowth analysis and blood profile in piglets born by embryo transfer(Elsevier, 2022) París-Oller, Evelyne; Matás, Carmen; Romar, Raquel; Lopes, Jordana S.; Gadea, Joaquín; Cánovas, Sebastián; Coy, Pilar; FisiologíaAssisted reproductive technologies (ART), besides solving several reproductive problems, it has also been used as a tool to improve the animal productivity that is required for feeding the human population. One of these techniques, the embryo transfer (ET), has presented limitations in the porcine species, which could constrain its use in the porcine industry. To clarify the potential of this technique, we aimed to compare the impact of using ET or artificial insemination (AI) on the phenotype of the offspring during its first days of age, in terms of growth and blood parameters. At birth, the body weight was higher for ET-females than AI-females, but this difference was no longer observed at day 15. On day 3, it was observed a higher concentration of red blood cells, haemoglobin, and haematocrit in females-ET and a higher concentration of white blood cells in both ET-derived piglets (males and females) when compared to AI groups. On day 3, the biochemical analysis showed a higher level of albumin for ET-derived males, and a lower level of bilirubin for ET-females than AI controls. However, all values were within the normal ranges. Our results indicate that piglets derived from ET seem to be phenotypically similar to those born by AI, which provides preliminary evidence that the ET procedure is a safe technique, but additional studies beyond 15 days of life are requested to conclude its global impact. Furthermore, the presented reference values of blood parameters in this species are interesting data for the pig industry.
- PublicationRestrictedSerum acute phase response induced by different vaccination protocols against circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in piglets(Elsevier, 2017-03-11) Hernandez-Caravaca, Iván; Figueras Gourgues, Sebastian; Rodríguez, Víctor; Díaz Estrada, Edgar; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Producción AnimalThe purpose of this study was to compare the acute phase reaction (APR) induced by different vaccination pro- tocols used against Porcine Circovirus (PCV) type-2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyo), studying two acute phase proteins (APPs) and changes in rectal temperature (RT). In addition, the possible influence of the time of vaccination and breed were analysed. In the first experiment, 40 commercial crossbred piglets were vaccinated, on the day of weaning, with FLEXcombo® (group A, n = 20) or Porcilis PCV® and Stellamune® One (group B, n = 20). The second experiment was performed on two farms, on which 40 commercial crossbred piglets or 40 Iberian piglets were vaccinated, 7 days post-weaning. On each farm one group (A, n = 20) was vaccinated with FLEXcombo® and another group (B, n = 20) with Porcilis® PCV-M.hyo. Blood samples were taken before, 24 h and 48 h after vaccination, and RT were recorded before and 8 h after vaccination. Significantly higher in- creases in group B in RT (P b 0.01) and APPs concentrations (P b 0.01) were recorded at several sampling times after vaccination compared with group A. The vaccines that produced greater increases in RT also produced higher APPs increases but no influence of the day of vaccination or of the breed were found. Therefore, serum APPs concentrations differed according to the vaccine used, which may be useful, along with RT, for choosing the vaccine or protocol that produces APR of lower magnitude.
- PublicationOpen AccessVida útil y beneficios de los nutracéuticos como alternativas al óxido de zinc(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2024) Torralbo Martín, Andrea; Serrano Jara, Daniel; Cubero Pablo, María José; Jordán Bueso, María José; Martínez Conesa, Cristina; Rivera Gomis, JorgeEl destete es una de las etapas más críticas en la producción porcina, con frecuentes diarreas. Se ha utilizado ampliamente el óxido de Zinc (ZnO), hasta su prohibición en Europa en 2022. Los compuestos bioactivos del orégano y el ajo morado fueron investigados por sus propiedades medicinales, y podrían ser alternativas al ZnO y a los antibióticos. Se compararon siete tratamientos dietéticos: un grupo control negativo (dieta basal), un grupo control positivo con ZnO (2500 mg/kg de alimento), dos grupos con aceite esencial de orégano al 0.4% y al 1.2% res-pectivamente, dos grupos con moltura de ajo morado al 0.4% y al 2% respectivamente, y un grupo con aceite esencial de orégano al 1.2% combinado con moltura de ajo morado al 2%. Los tratamientos se realizaron tras el destete a los 21 días, durante 2 semanas en el pre- estárter y durante 5 semanas en el estárter. Al finalizar las 10 semanas, los lechones se pesaron y se realizó la necropsia para tomar muestras de yeyuno e íleon y evaluar su morfometría. Hemos estudiado el impacto de la degradación de los nutracéuticos durante su almacenamiento en los silos, así como su repercusión sobre la morfometría del yeyuno e íleon y su influencia en la ganancia media diaria y el índice de conversión.Al evaluar la degradación de los compuestos bioactivos en los piensos, almacenados durante 5 semanas, se identificó una pérdida del 30% tanto en el orégano como en el ajo morado. No obstante, no hubo diferencias significativas en el rendimiento productivo y la morfometría intestinal entre el tratamiento con ZnO y el com-binado de moltura de ajo morado al 2% y el aceite esencial de orégano al 1.2%. En conclusión, estas dosis son una buena alternativa como promotores del crecimiento y para la prevención de la diarrea post- destete.