Browsing by Subject "Neuron"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Mitochondrial support and local translation of mitochondrial proteins in synaptic plasticity and function
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Liang, YongTian
    Complex neural and brain functions are executed through structural and functional alterations of synapses and neurons. Neuronal compartmentalization requires neurons to allocate mitochondria and proteins in a spatiotemporal manner to allow their plasticity, function and homeostasis. Importantly, mitochondria are known to interact with and modulate synaptic activities through their ATP supply, calcium buffering and signaling abilities. Over the years, mitochondrial support and local translation (including mitochondrial proteins) at neuronal sub-compartments and their synaptic specializations have been considered critical for maintaining synaptic plasticity and function. Recently, evidence has shown that late endosomes can serve as sites for local translation of mRNAs crucial for mitochondrial integrity and mitochondrial compartments can fuel plasticity-induced local translation. Indeed, failed mitochondrial homeostasis and subsequent synaptic dysfunction are often intricately linked in the malfunction of the central nervous system in synaptic aging and diseases. In this review, I will discuss the critical role of local translation (including mitochondrial proteins) in dendrites, axons and synapses on neuronal/synaptic plasticity and function.
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    Recent progress in T-cadherin (CDH13, H-cadherin) research
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2001) Takeuchi, T.; Ohtsuki, Y.
    T-cadherin is a un ique cadherin ce ll ad hesion molecul e that is anchored to the ce ll surface membrane th rough a glycosy l phosphat id yl inositol (G PI) moiety. The cy topl asmic domain , whi ch T-cad herin lacks. is be li eved to bc criti ca l fo r homophilic binding th ro ugh int erac ti on with subm cmbran e cy tos ke letal protc in s. Docs this mea n th at T- ca dh e rin is an un imp ortanl molec ul e? Howcvc r, th e T-cadherin amino ac id moti f has bee n we ll co nse rve d thro ug h evo luti o n in ve rt ebr ates, s uggestin g th a t T-c adh e rin may have biologica l signifi ca nce in higher animals. Co nsistent wi th this hypothesis, recent studies have thrown light on the re levance of T-cadh erin in the fie lds of oncology, neurology, respirology and ca rdiovascular ph ysiology. In this manu sc ript , we rev iew current adva nces in Tcad herin research.
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    The effects of polysaccharides from Schizophyllum commune (Fr.) on amyloid-β and GFAP-induced neuronal injury in hippocampal regions of hyperlipidemia-affected rats
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2026) Wanida Chuaikhongthong; Uraporn Vongvatcharanon; Manaras Komolkriengkrai; Udomlak Matsathit; Wipapan Khimmaktong; Natyamee Thipthong; Biología Celular e Histología
    Aims. The hippocampal region is an essential area for memory. Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to impact this brain region. It is caused by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) along with neurofibrillary tangles, together with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, which causes loss of synapses, resulting in memory problems. Consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) causes the abnormal production of certain neuro-transmitters through the gut-brain axis system, resulting in hippocampal neuron damage. Therefore, this study examined the effects of polysaccharides from Schizophyllum commune (Fr.) or split-gill mushroom (SG) in rats induced with an HFD. Methods. The Y-maze test assessed spontaneous alternation percentages and short-term memory in all rat groups, while H&E and Cresyl violet staining revealed alterations in the characteristics of neurons across treatment groups. Immunofluorescence was employed to identify the expressions of neurodegenerative and inflammatory proteins. Results. The short-term memory was evaluated using the Y-maze test, which found that the spontaneous alternation percentage was lower in the HFD group and higher in the HFD+SG group compared with the control group. Alterations in neuron characteristics were revealed by Cresyl violet and H&E staining. The HFD group was found to have necrotic neurons; however, the HFD+SG group had less damage than the HFD group. Immunofluorescence observations indicated the expression of Aβ and GFAP proteins; the HFD group showed an increase in Aβ and GFAP accumulation, whereas in the HFD+SG group, these were significantly reduced. Conclusions. The study demonstrated improvements in hippocampal neurons, suggesting that polysaccharides from SG may be able to lessen the harm caused to the brain by consuming an HFD.