Browsing by Subject "Mussels"
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- PublicationRestrictedAlterations in haemolymph proteome of Mytilus galloprovincialis mussel after an induced injury(Elsevier, 2018-01-31) Franco-Martínez, Lorena; Martínez-Subiela, Silvia; Escribano, Damián; Schlosser, Sarah; Nöbauer, Katharina; Razzazi-Fazeli, Ebrahím; Romero, Diego; Cerón, José Joaquín Cerón; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Ciencias SociosanitariasA proteomic and biochemical approach was performed to assess the effects of an induced muscle injury on the haemolymph of bivalve molluscs. For this purpose, Mytilus galloprovincialis were exposed to puncture of adductor muscle for three consecutive days, and their haemolymph proteome was then compared to healthy animals using 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to identify proteins that differed significantly in abundance. Those proteins were then subjected to tandem mass spectrometry and 6 proteins, namely myosin, tropomyosin, CuZn super-oxide dismutase (SOD), triosephosphate isomerase, EP protein and small heat shock protein were identified. SOD and tropomyosin changes were verified by spectrophotometric measurements and western blotting, respectively. As some of the proteins identified are related to muscular damage and oxidative stress, other biomarkers associated with these processes that can be evaluated by automatic biochemical assays were measured including troponin, creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) for muscle damage, and SOD, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and esterase activity (EA) for oxidative stress. Significantly higher concentrations of troponin, CK, AST, and TEAC were observed in mussels after puncture, being also possible biomarkers of non-specific induced damage.
- PublicationOpen AccessConcentration and distribution of macrominerals in tissues of Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to Cd and Cd-mixtures(Universidad de Valparaiso (Chile), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Naturales, 2021-12-31) García-Navarro, José A.; Vera-Sánchez, Miguel A.; Romero, Diego; Ciencias SociosanitariasMarine ecosystems are under great pressure due to heavy metals pollution, and mussels remain an important knowledge source in this regard. In this study, Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed for 7 days to Cd and three Cd mixtures (Cd+Pb, Cd+Cu and Cd+Pb+Cu). The accumulation and tissue distribution of inorganic elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S, macrominerals) that are usually not taken into consideration in field studies on in bioassays were evaluated. Regarding concentration, the element which differed the most with respect to the control group was K, while Mg was the only one which showed no significant statistical difference with the control group. The group exposed to ternary mixture was the one in which there were more alterations in concentration and distribution of these macrominerals with respect to control, whereas in the group exposed to single Cd no significant differences in the concentration of these inorganic elements were found. The concentration and distribution of macrominerals in the compartments studied (digestive gland, gill and remaining soft tissues) is susceptible to the presence of Cd and heavy metal Cd-mixtures, with percentages of changes until 28.7%. Study results suggest that macrominerals composition in mussel tissues could be useful in studies of heavy metal contamination in marine ecosystems.
- PublicationRestrictedEffect of nutritive status on Mytilus galloprovincialis pollution biomarkers: Implications for large-scale monitoring programs(Elsevier, 2015-07-21) González-Fernández, Carmen; Albentosa, Marina; Campillo, Juan A.; Viñas, Lucía; Romero García, Diego; Franco, Ángeles; Bellas, JuanBiomarkers have been extensively used in monitoring programs with the aim of assessing the biological effects of pollutants on marine organisms and determining environmental status. Data obtained from these programs are sometimes difficult to interpret due to the large amount of natural variables affecting biological processes, which could act as confounding factors on biomarker responses. The main aim of this work was to identify the effect of one of these variables, the food availability, and consequently, the mussel nutritive status, on biomarker responses. For that purpose, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were conditioned to three different food rations for 2 months in order to create three mussel nutritive statuses and afterwards, each status was exposed to three nominal concentrations of fluoranthene (FLU) for 3 weeks. A battery of biomarkers was considered in this study to cover a wide range of organism responses, both physiological (scope for growth – SFG) and biochemical (superoxide dismutase – SOD, catalase – CAT, glutathione reductase – GR, glutathione peroxidase – GPx, glutathione-S-transferase – GST and phenoloxidase – PO activities, and lipid membrane peroxidation – LPO). The results obtained, evidenced that most of the studied biomarkers (SFG, SOD, CAT, GPx, and PO) were strongly affected by mussel nutritive status, showing higher values at lower status, whereas the effect of toxicant was not always evident, masked by the nutritive status effect. This paper demonstrates that toxicants are not the only source of variability modulating pollution biomarkers, and confirms nutritive status as a major factor altering biochemical and physiological biomarkers.
- PublicationRestrictedEsterase activity (EA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to pollutants: analytical validation and effects evaluation by single and mixed heavy metal exposure(Elsevier, 2015-12-17) Franco, Lorena; Romero García, Diego; García-Navarro, José A.; Teles, Mariana; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe aims of the present study were to optimize and validate methods for esterase activity (EA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) determination in mussel' gills, and to establish the relationships between these biomarkers and Pb, Cd and Cu pollution, in single form and ternary mixture. Two different buffers for sample homogenization, the need of ultracentrifugation, and analytical validation were evaluated. Coefficients of variation, when buffer without additives and ultracentrifugation were used, were b15%, and recovery were 97%–109% in all cases. The EA response tends to decrease with treatments, TOS decreased significantly in Cd and ternary groups, while TAC tended to increase in treatments with Pb, Cd and ternary groups. In conclusion, the methods for EA, TOS and TAC measurements in gills of mussel were precise and accurate and could be interesting resources in biomonitoring programmes.
- PublicationRestrictedNew potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in Mytilus galloprovincialis: Analytical validation and overlap performance(Elsevier, 2018-04-23) Franco-Martínez, Lorena; Romero, Diego; Peres Rubio, Camila; Tecles, Fernando; Martínez-Subiela, Silvia; Teles, Mariana; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe aim of the present report was to develop and validate new automated spectrophotometric assays for measurement of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiols, and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in mussel gills, digestive gland and hemolymph samples, and to evaluate their possible utility in biomonitoring programs. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured by different methods: trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC1 and TEAC2), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). The assays were precise, accurate and provided low limits of detection. When oxidative stress was promoted by inducing hypoxia and the behaviour of these biomarkers between hypoxic and controls mussels were compared, statistically significant differences were observed in all biomarkers and tissues evaluated. The results of the present study demonstrated that these biomarkers, not previously studied in mussels, show a potential use as biomarkers of oxidative stress in this species since they were validated and showed changes under a state of oxidative stress.
- PublicationOpen AccessTargeted and untargeted approaches using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of lipophilic marine biotoxins in seawater and mussel samples(Elsevier, 2025-09-12) Pastor Belda, Marta; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; Sánchez Fernández, Olga; Pérez Ruzafa, Ángel; Campillo Seva, Natalia; León Morán, Lixy Olinda; Química AnalíticaMarine biotoxins are naturally occurring compounds produced around the world by various species of microalgae, whose presence increases significantly due to harmful algal blooms. This phenomenon is a major public health concern, as a large amount of marine fauna is exposed to these biotoxins. The aim of this study was the improvement and application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of eight lipophilic marine biotoxins, okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin 1 (DTX-1), dinophysistoxin 2 (DTX-2), 16:0 7-O-acyl okadaic acid (DTX-3a), gambierone (GAM), 44-methylgambierone (44-GAM), yessotoxin (YTX), and homoyessotoxin (hYTX), and their derivatives in seawaters and mussels by targeted and untargeted approaches. The proposed method provided detection limits ranging from 0.0004 to 1.7 ng mL-1 in seawater and 0.06 to 119 ng g-1 in mussel samples, depending on the biotoxin. A total of 23 seawater samples collected in the Mar Menor lagoon between 2021 and 2023 were analyzed and several of them were found to contain OA and DTX-3a at concentration levels in the 0.006–1.5 ng mL-1 range. OA and DTX-2 were also found at maximum levels of 8.0 and 1.2 ng g-1, respectively, in several mussel samples from commercial origin. In addition, a suspect screening was developed in the untargeted approach to investigate the presence of other derivatives of the target marine biotoxins in the samples using a home-made database covering 93 compounds. An unsaturated ester derivative of OA/DTX-2 was detected in the seawater samples collected during a red tide.