Browsing by Subject "Molecular genetics"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Molecular genetics of ovarian carcinomas
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1999) Diebold, J.
    The phenotypic variability of epithelial ovarian neoplasms correlates with a diversity of changes at the molecular level. Invasive serous and undifferentiated ovarian carcinomas are characterized by p53 mutations with p53 protein accumulation, extensive loss of genetic material of chromosome 17 and complex changes on many other chromosomes, e.g. amplification of oncogenes. These alterations are seen only in a minority of mucinous and endometrioid carcinomas, mainly in advanced stages. Overexpression of bcl-2 is seen most frequently in endometrioid carcinomas (ca. 90% of cases), which in addition show microsatellite instability in around a third of the cases, as has been described in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. KRAS mutations are characteristic for mucinous LMP tumors and mucinous carcinomas (40-50% of cases) and are also found in a third of serous LMP tumors. In addition, serous LMP tumors show mild microsatellite instability in 30%. However, complex chromosomal aberrations are never seen in these neoplasms
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Pant-Purohit, Mukta; López Beltrán, Antonio; Montironi, Rodolfo; MacLennan, Gregory T.; Cheng, Lian
    Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder(SCCUB) is a rare and aggressive cancer of the bladder.SCCUB is part of neuroendocrine family of tumors thataffect several organ systems including respiratory,gastrointestinal and male and female genitourinary tract.SCCUB affect males predominantly with common riskfactors include smoking, bladder calculi, bladdermanipulation, and chronic cystitis. Prognosis of SCCUBremains poor due to high metastatic potential and lack ofsymptoms in earlier stages of the disease. Pathogenesisof the disease is linked to loss of genetic material,hypermethylation of tumor suppressors and at timesamplification of the chromosomal regions carryingoncogenes. Majority of cases are treated with localresection of the tumor with neoadjuvant or adjuvantplatinum-based chemotherapy regimen. Radiationtherapy is used as alternative to radical cystectomy or aspalliative measure. This article provides epidemiology,molecular pathogenesis, histochemistry, and currentmanagement options for SCCUB. Furthermore wereviewed all recent studies involving advancement intargeted molecular therapy for neuroendocrine tumors.