Browsing by Subject "Milk"
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- PublicationOpen AccessA Fast and Accurate Method for the Quantification of Doxycycline in Goat Plasma and Milk by HPLC Using a Fluorescence Detector(2024-12-17) Martínez, José; Hernandis, Verónica; Badillo, Elena; Escudero, Elisa; Yuste Pérez, María Teresa; Galecio, Juan Sebastián; Marín, Pedro; FarmacologíaDoxycycline is an antimicrobial agent used in veterinary medicine to treat a variety of bacterial infections. To date, no analytical technique utilising HPLC with fl uorescence detection has been documented for the quantifi cation of doxycycline concentrations in goat plasma or milk. Consequently, the objective of the present study was to propose a rapid HPLC assay with fl uorescence detection for the quantifi cation of doxycycline in the aforementioned samples, thereby facilitating the conduct of pharmacokinetic studies and the detection of residues in diverse goat tissues. Proteins were precipitated with methanol and trifl uoroacetic acid in a single step. Doxycycline was separated on a XBRIDGE C18 column using an isocratic method. Sample volume injected into the HPLC system was 50 µl. Fluorescence detection was conducted with an excitation wavelength of 380 nm and an emission wavelength of 520 nm. The retention times of doxycycline and danofl oxacin (internal standard) were determined to be 8.0 and 5.5 minutes, respectively. The calibration curves for plasma and milk exhibited linearity over the concentration range of 0.1 to 2 μg/mL. The limit of detection was 0.065 μg/ mL, while the limit of quantifi cation was 0.1 μg/mL in both matrices. The accuracy and precision of the method were consistently within the limits of 10.9% for plasma and 10.5% for milk. The fi ndings of this study may be employed in the quantifi cation of doxycycline in goat plasma and milk, thus facilitating the conduct of pharmacokinetic studies.
- PublicationOpen AccessApplication of a Large Field-of-View sensor during coagulation and syneresis in fresh goat cheese manufacture(2012) Rovira Garbayo, Silvia; García Alcaraz, Victor; López Morales, María Belén; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
- PublicationRestrictedBiological significance of dietary polyamines(Elsevier, 2006-09-22) Larqué, Elvira; Sabater Molina, María; Zamora, Salvador; Ciencias SociosanitariasPolyamines are classically known by their names of putrescine, spermine, and spermidine. They are synthesized endogenously from ornithine and are interconvertible. In addition, an exogenous supply of polyamines is provided by dietary intake and by intestinal absorption from the products of bacterial metabolism. Polyamine uptake occurs almost entirely in the gut, and afterward the various forms are metabolized in different tissues under the strict regulation of ornithine decarboxylase, which is the first enzyme involved in their synthesis. Polyamines are eliminated from the organism by means of oxidation reactions, appearing in urine in all their metabolic forms. Polyamines play an important role in regulating cell growth and proliferation, the stabilization of negative charges of DNA, RNA transcription, protein synthesis, apoptosis, and the regulation of the immune response. They are components of breast milk and might be important in neonatal gut maturation, for which reason the possible supplementation of infant formulas with these compounds is under study.
- PublicationOpen AccessCan moderate levels of organic selenium in dairy cow feed naturally enrich dairy products(MDPI, 2020-12-01) Azorín, Irene; Madrid, Josefa; Martínez, Silvia; López, Marina; López Morales, María Belén; López, Miguel José; Hernández, Fuensanta; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y BromatologíaThis work studied the effect of dairy cow ration supplementation with inorganic plus organic Se on metabolic status, milk yield, and the quality of milk and dairy products, especially its Se content. Twenty multiparous Holstein Friesian lactating cows were assigned to two feeding treatments. The cows were fed with 22.5 kg dry matter (DM) of total mixed ration (11.75 kg DM of forage plus 10.75 kg DM of concentrate) by head. There were two different concentrates with the same Se content (0.240 mg/kg of ration DM) but with different Se sources: The control (CON) was supplemented with inorganic Se (sodium selenite); and the other (IOSe) was supplemented with sodium selenite plus organic Se (Sel-Plex®), at 0.144 and 0.096 mg Se/kg of ration DM, respectively. The results indicated that, in general, the IOSe treatment did not modify the metabolic profile, and even decreased the total oxidant status (p < 0.05) and did not lead to a deterioration of quality and yield of milk. However, milk and cheese from IOSe had higher Se content (an increase of 29.7% and 38.2%, respectively) than CON (p < 0.01), but this effect was not observed in yogurt. In general, physical or sensorial parameters of cheeses did not show differences between treatments. Moderate inorganic plus organic Se supplementation may be more effective than inorganic Se, increasing the Se content in milk and cheese, without causing a deterioration in quality or productive parameters.
- PublicationOpen AccessEffect of fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides on the folate production of some folate-producing bacteria in media cultures or milk.(2012) Padalino, Michele; Perez Conesa, Dario; López Nicolás, Rubén; Frontela Saseta, María del Carmen; Ros Berruezo, Gaspar Francisco; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
- PublicationOpen AccessEffects of dietary supplementation with selenium in organic form and iodine in dairy goats and their transfer to milk and dairy products(2025-10-10) Azorín, I.; Madrid, J.; Martínez Miró, Silvia; López Morales, María Belén; López, M.; Hernández, F.; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y BromatologíaThis study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with selenium in organic form and iodine in dairy goats, aiming to obtain milk, cheese, and yogurt naturally enriched with these minerals and assessing the impact on animal health and performance. The control diet (CON) included 0.23 mg of inorganic selenium and 0.57 mg of iodine per kg of dry matter (DM). In contrast, the supplemented diet (SeI) included 0.46 mg of selenium (0.23 mg inorganic + 0.23 mg organic) and 5.68 mg of iodine per kg of DM. After 64 days of treatment, no adverse effects on health or productivity were observed. However, the SeI group exhibited elevated selenium and iodine concentrations in milk (p < 0.001), with 1.73 times more selenium (3.93 μg/100 g vs. 2.27 μg/100 g) and over 4 times more iodine (98.0 μg/100 g vs. 21.7 μg/100 g) compared to the CON group. A similar enrichment was observed in cheese (p < 0.001), where selenium content was approximately doubled (16.0 µg/100 g vs. 7.56 µg/100 g), and iodine quintupled (99.4 µg/100 g vs. 20.1 µg/100 g) in the SeI group. More than a 4-fold increase in iodine content was also observed in yogurt from the SeI group (106 µg/100 g vs. 24.4 µg/100 g; p < 0.001). Notably, selenium and iodine treatment did not affect the general characteristics or quality of milk and dairy products, supporting their use as a strategy to enhance the nutritional value of goat milk and derivatives.
- PublicationRestrictedFast determination of the Ca, Mg, K, Na and Zn contents in milk and nondairy imitation milk using ICP-AES without mineralization stage(Elsevier Academic Press, 1999-05) Murcia Tomás, María Antonia; Vera, Ana; Martínez-Tomé, Magdalena; Muñoz, Antonio; Hernández-Córdoba, Manuel; Ortiz-Gonzalez, Roque; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y BromatologíaThe mineral elements Ca, Mg, K, Na and Zn were analysed directly in diluted milk and nondairy imitation milk using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry without previous treatment except dilution. The results obtained agreed with those obtained using the AOAC 984.27/90 mineralization stage. The data prove that for the routine control analysis of these elements the conventional mineralization stage is not needed, the dilution of the samples being suzcient to overcome matrix ewects.
- PublicationOpen AccessIn Vitro Interaction between Mycoplasma agalactiae and Small Ruminants’ Endogenous Bacterial Strains of Enterococcus spp. and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-02-17) Toquet, Marion; Bataller, Esther; Toledo Perona, Raquel; Gomis, Jjesús; Contreras de Vera, Antonio; Sánchez, Antonio; Jiménez Trigos, Estrella; Gómez Martín, Ángel; Sanidad AnimalRecently, an antimicrobial effect on Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma), the main etiological agent of contagious agalactia (CA), was reported in vitro with strains of Enterococcus spp. from ovine and caprine milk. The aim of this work was to evaluate the interaction of Ma with the same Enterococcus spp. isolated from other anatomical locations (vagina) and other bacterial populations present in milk, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The vaginal Enterococcus strains and the raw milk CNS were isolated from sheep and goats. Experimental in vitro conditions were prepared to assess the growth of Ma with and without the presence of these strains. The selected vaginal strains were identified as Enterococcus (E.) hirae and E. mundtii, and the strains of CNS were identified as Staphylococcus petrasii. Different interactions of Ma with ovine and caprine wild vaginal strains of Enterococcus and dairy strains of CNS are described for the first time: Ma can grow exponentially during 15 h with the selected strains, although with certain strains, its optimal growth can be negatively affected (p< 0.05). The colonization and/or excretion of Ma could, therefore, be influenced by certain endogenous bacterial strains. Our results increase the knowledge about possible bacterial ecology dynamics surrounding CA.
- PublicationOpen AccessPharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling in plasma and milk and Mote Carlo simulations of marbofloxacin against Staphylococcu aureus and Mycoplasma agalactie in lactating sheep(Elsevier, American Dairy Science Association, 2025-03-24) Serrano-Rodríguez, J. M.; Fernández-Varón, E.; Muñoz-Rascón, P.; Morón, R.; Díaz-Villamarín, X.; Fé Rodríguez, David Christian de la; Cárceles-García, C.; Cárceles Rodríguez, Carlos; Farmacología; Facultad de VeterinariaIn livestock ruminants such as sheep, different infectious diseases such as mastitis or contagious agalactia are originated from pathogens as Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma agalactiae. Fluoroquinolones are authorized in dairy animals, including their extralabel use, as an alternative when other treatment failed in the European Union (EU), however, in the United States, are prohibited from extralabel drug use in food-producing animals. Marbofloxacin, a well-known fluoroquinolone is commonly used in dairy cattle in the EU at 10 mg/kg. However, their off-label use in sheep also has been described. Nevertheless, the dose extrapolations from dairy cows should include pharmacokinetic (PK) studies because of interspecies differences and the potential risks of antimicrobial resistance or toxicity. In this regard, the aims of this research were to (1) describe the i.v. and i.m. PK analysis of marbofloxacin in plasma and milk of lactating sheep at 10 mg/kg, (2) determine the MIC and calculate the tentative epidemiological cutoff values (TECOFF) for Mycoplasma agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus wild-type isolates from sheep, and (3) conduct a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis with the Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the probability of target attainment for different MIC values, known as the PK/PD cutoff values. The results of this study could help to establish the efficacy of a 10 mg/kg dosage regimen of marbofloxacin in lactating sheep. Plasma and milk concentrations were described with a nonlinear mixed effects model. The intramuscular biobioavailability was 88%, and the volume of distribution was 1.31 L/kg with a clearance value of 0.38 L/h/kg. Halflives after i.v. and i.m. dosing were 6.53 and 7.09 h in plasma, and 6.62 and 6.65 h in milk, respectively. High concentrations were determined in milk with area under the curve (AUC) milk/plasma ratios close to 1.28. The MIC values for Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma agalactiae were obtained, and TECOFF values of 1.0 and 2.0 μg/mL, respectively, were determined. The Monte Carlo simulations predicted that the dosage regimen of 10 mg/kg per 24 h in lactating sheep can be adequate for intermediate and high MIC values of 0.5 and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively, and could be useful for populations with a target AUC/MIC ratio ≤48 for Staphylococcus aureus, but not for Mycoplasma agalactiae. Results derived for this study could be taken as previous tentative points for further studies of marbofloxacin in lactating and nonlactating sheep in a clinical context.
- PublicationOpen AccessPharmacokinetics of Doxycycline in Plasma and Milk after Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration in Dairy Goats(MDPI, 2024) Martínez, José; Escudero, Elisa; Badillo, Elena; Yuste Pérez, María Teresa; Galecio, Juan Sebastián; Marin, Pedro; FarmacologíaDoxycycline is a second-generation tetracycline, marketed in different species for treating infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in lactating goats. The objective of this study was to establish the disposition kinetics of doxycycline after parenteral administration (intravenous and intramuscular) in dairy goats and its elimination in milk. A cross-over model was designed (n = 6). Doxycycline was dosed at 5 mg/kg for intravenous administration and 20 mg/kg for extravascular administrations. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic methods were used to calculate plasma concentration–time data. The Vz value suggests a moderate distribution of this antibiotic in goats, with a value of 0.85 L/kg. A low bioavailability (F = 45.60%) of doxycycline following an intramuscular injection was observed, with all animals exhibiting signs of lameness. Doxycycline rapidly crossed the blood–milk barrier, but exposure to the antimicrobial and the concentrations reached in milk were lower than those obtained in plasma. Although PK/PD ratios may be low with the pharmacokinetic data obtained with this formulation of doxycycline, at this dose and route of administration, doxycycline after IM administration could be useful for infections by moderate or highly susceptible bacteria in the mammary gland of goats. However, it may be necessary to test different doses of doxycycline or other routes of administration to achieve better surrogate markers and to establish repeated dosing regimens and clinical efficacy.
- PublicationOpen AccessSensitivity of two methods to detect Mycoplasma agalactiae in goat milk(BioMed Central, 2015) Tatay-Dualde, Juan; Prats- Van der Ham, Miranda; Gómez-Martín, Angel; Paterna, Ana; Corrales, Juan Carlos; Sánchez, Antonio; Fe, Christian de la; Amores, Joaquín; Amores, Joaquín; Sanidad AnimalBackground: Laboratory diagnostic techniques able to detect Mycoplasma agalactiae are essential in contagious agalactia in dairy goats. This study was designed: 1) to determine the detection limits of PCR and culture in goat milk samples, 2) to examine the effects of experimental conditions including the DNA extraction method, PCR technique and storage conditions (fresh versus frozen stored milk samples) on these methods and 3), to establish agreement between PCR and culture techniques using milk samples from goats with mastitis in commercial dairy herds. The study was conducted both on artificially inoculated and field samples. Results: Our findings indicate that culture is able to detect M. agalactiae in goat milk at lower concentrations than PCR. Qualitative detection of M.agalactiae by culture and PCR was not affected by sample freezing, though the DNA extraction method used significantly affected the results of the different PCR protocols. When clinical samples were used, both techniques showed good agreement. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that both culture and PCR are able to detect M. agalactiae in clinical goat mastitis samples. However, in bulk tank milk samples with presumably lower M. agalactiae concentrations, culture is recommended within the first 24 h of sample collection due to its lower limit of detection. To improve the diagnostic sensitivity of PCR in milk samples, there is a need to increase the efficiency of extracting DNA from milk samples using protocols including a previous step of enzymatic digestion.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe Witches of Hegel. On the Milky Origin of Evil(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2017) Rodríguez Gómez, FedericoThis essay proposes a reading of the philosophical problem of evil in Derrida’s works by calling attention to the figures of witch, cow and milk. I will follow this problem through his interpretations of Hegel, Nietzsche and Freud (especially as found in Glas [1974] and the unpublished seminar Manger l’autre [1989-90]). I first propose certain philosophical and psychoanalytic variations that aid in understanding a set of complicated cross- references directly or indirectly established with Hamacher’s works and the problem of eating (especially: Pleroma [1978]). Secondly, I show how the discussion of the problem of evil in these three figures can become a central locus for “deconstructive readings” (for readings that privilege a certain irreducible “complication” or “double-bind”).