Browsing by Subject "Microbiota"
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- PublicationOpen AccessEffects of pumpkin and fermented whey on fecal microbiota profile against AFB1 and OTA exposure in Wistar rats(Taylor and Francis Group, Taylor and Francis, 2025-04-08) Lázaro, Álvaro; Vila-Donat, Pilar; Cimbalo, Alessandra; Manyes, Lara; Gómez Ramírez, Pilar; Ciencias SociosanitariasMycotoxins perturb the gut microbiota performance. Bioactive compounds have been recently used as a new food strategy to diminish mycotoxins bioaccessibility and prevent their toxic effects on human and animal health. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed orally to twelve different diets containing aflatoxin B1 (aFB1) and/or ochratoxin a (Ota) with or without fermented whey (FW) and pumpkin (P) for 28 days. Fecal microbiota using 16s rRNa gene sequencing and subsequent metagenomics analysis were analyzed to study the effect of 28-day exposure through diet of contaminated and enriched feed. QiiMe 2 microbiome analysis package (version 2024.5) was used to analyze the demultiplexed data. Mycotoxins-functional ingredients combination contributed more to microbial phylogenetic faith α-diversity rather than the functional ingredients alone, while the same combination reported a microbial α-diversity enhancement in comparison to the mycotoxins alone. Proteobacteria phylum was reduced in rat samples fed with contaminated diets (aFB1, Ota, and aFB1+Ota), while there was an increase— although not in all groups—when adding the functional ingredients. the main difference between the sexes was found in FW+aFB1+Ota group, with males (25%) showing higher % of proteobacteria than females (1.86%). Phylogenetic diversity faith only focuses on microbial genetic (dis)similarity, not considering the biological function. Morganella morganii, a roteobacteria found in some groups presents anticancer activity, but it is also related to inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. to sum up, both mycotoxins and functional ingredients trigger changes in the microbiota profile of Wistar rats in a sex-specific manner.
- PublicationOpen AccessEje Intestino – Cerebro, un damnificado de los estilos de vida de estudiantes de medicina(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025) Culcay Delgado, Joshua Israel; Sin departamento asociado
- PublicationOpen AccessIn vitro colonic fermentation of orange peel fibres: effect on microbial modulation, SCFAs production and carotenoid degradation(Elsevier, 2025-02-12) Núñez Gómez, Vanesa; Gómez-Gallego, Carlos; Kolehmainen, Marjukka; González-Barrio, Rocío; Periago Castón, María Jesús; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y BromatologíaOrange peel by-products are valuable for their content of dietary fibre and bioactive compounds that offer health benefits, such as the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and modulation of gut microbiota. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prebiotic effect of three fibre-rich fractions of orange peel (orange peel extract, OP; insoluble fibre fraction, IFF; and water-soluble extract, WSE) by means of in vitro fermentation. Degradation of carotenoids during fermentation was examined to explore their interaction with the microbiota. The results indicate that in vitro fermentation of fibre-rich ingredients increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations. WSE, rich in bioactive compounds, increased Bifidobacterium by 2.5 times compared with the other fractions, and gave a 1.5-fold higher total SCFAs production and a noteworthy evolution of butyrate. Moreover, although carotenoids decreased during fermentation, they remained detectable at the end of the process, suggesting that they are not efficiently metabolized by microbiota and could persist in the colon for a longer period. These findings open up new avenues of research in the use of by-products to develop novel ingredients. In addition, future research should focus on investigating the behaviour of carotenoids during digestion, as well as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microbiota-modulating effects.
- PublicationOpen AccessMicrocystin influence on soil-plant microbiota: unraveling microbiota modulations and assembly processes in the rhizosphere of Vicia faba(Elsevier, 2024-02-06) Redouane, El Mahdi; Núñez, Andrés; Achouak, Wafa; Barakat, Mohamed; Alex, Anoop; Martins, José Carlos; Tazart, Zakaria; Mugani, Richard; Zerrifi, Soukaina El Amrani; Haida, Mohammed; García, Ana M.; Campos, Alexandre; Lahrouni, Majida; Oufdou, Khalid; Vasconcelos, Vitor; Oudra, Brahim; Genética y MicrobiologíaMicrocystins (MCs) are frequently detected in cyanobacterial bloom-impacted waterbodies and introduced into agroecosystems via irrigation water. They are widely known as phytotoxic cyanotoxins, which impair the growth and physiological functions of crop plants. However, their impact on the plant-associated microbiota is scarcely tackled and poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of MCs on microbiota-inhabiting bulk soil (BS), root adhering soil (RAS), and root tissue (RT) of Vicia faba when exposed to 100 μg L−1 MCs in a greenhouse pot experiment. Under MC exposure, the structure, co-occurrence network, and assembly processes of the bacterial microbiota were modulated with the greatest impact on RT-inhabiting bacteria, followed by BS and, to a lesser extent, RAS. The analyses revealed a significant decrease in the abundances of several Actinobacteriota-related taxa within the RT microbiota, including the most abundant and known genus of Streptomyces. Furthermore, MCs significantly increased the abundance of methylotrophic bacteria (Methylobacillus, Methylotenera) and other Proteobacteria-affiliated genera (e.g., Paucibacter), which are supposed to degrade MCs. The co-occurrence network of the bacterial community in the presence of MCs was less complex than the control network. In MC-exposed RT, the turnover in community composition was more strongly driven by deterministic processes, as proven by the beta-nearest taxon index. Whereas in MC-treated BS and RAS, both deterministic and stochastic processes can influence community assembly to some extent, with a relative dominance of deterministic processes. Altogether, these results suggest that MCs may reshape the structure of the microbiota in the soil-plant system by reducing bacterial taxa with potential phytobeneficial traits and increasing other taxa with the potential capacity to degrade MCs.
- PublicationOpen AccessSpinach consumption ameliorates the gut microbiota and dislipaemia in rats with diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019-03-18) Periago Castón, Mª Jesús; Elvira Torales, Laura Inés; González Barrio, Rocío; Hidalgo, Nieves; Navarro González, Inmaculada; Gómez Gallego, Carlos; Masurero, D; Soini, E; Vrhovsek, U.; García Alonso, Francisco Javier; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y BromatologíaNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the accumulation of fat in liver cells, which causes serious health consequences. Animal and human studies suggest that the gut microbiota plays a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Here, we investigated whether spinach consumption could ameliorate highfat- diet-induced disturbances in certain intestinal bacterial groups and products derived from their metabolism, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial phenolic catabolites. Attention is also paid to blood lipids and glucose. In the study, a rat model of high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD was used. There were six experimental groups: NC (normal diet), NB (normal diet + 2.5% spinach), NA (normal diet + 5% spinach), HC (high-fat diet), HB (high-fat diet + 2.5% spinach) and HA (high-fat diet + 5% spinach). The rats consumed these diets for five weeks, and after that, they were sacrificed and plasma, urine, intestinal content, faeces and liver samples were taken. Biochemical parameters were analyzed in plasma, phenolic catabolites were quantified in the faeces, urine, plasma and liver by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and the analysis of the microbiota and SCFAs in the intestinal content was performed by qPCR and GLC. Consumption of a high-fat diet caused NAFLD and dislipaemia and altered the gut microbiota and the pattern of SCFAs and phenolic gut microbial catabolites. Supplementation with spinach partially ameliorated some alterations induced by the high-fat diet, in particular by increasing the Lactobacillus counts, reducing the fasting glucose and total and LDL-cholesterol and preventing excess liver cholesterol accumulation, thereby improving the values of the steatosis biomarkers.
- PublicationOpen AccessTiming of chocolate intake affects hunger, substrate oxidation, and microbiota: a randomized controlled trial(2021-06-23) Hernández-González, Teresa; Escobar, Carolina; Madrid, J.A.; Periago, María Jesús; Collado, María Carmen; Scheer, Frank. A.J.L.; Garaulet, Marta; González-Barrio, Rocío; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y BromatologíaEating chocolate in the morning or in the evening/at night, may differentially affect energy balance and impact body weight due to changes in energy intake, substrate oxidation, microbiota (composition/function), and circadian-related variables. In a randomized controlled trial, postmenopausal females (n = 19) had 100 g of chocolate in the morning (MC), in the evening/at night (EC), or no chocolate (N) for 2 weeks and ate any other food ad libitum. Our results show that 14 days of chocolate intake did not increase body weight. Chocolate consumption decreased hunger and desire for sweets (P < .005), and reduced ad libitum energy intake by ~300 kcal/day during MC and ~150 kcal/day during EC (P = .01), but did not fully compensate for the extra energy contribution of chocolate (542 kcal/day). EC increased physical activity by +6.9%, heat dissipation after meals +1.3%, and carbohydrate oxidation by +35.3% (P < .05). MC reduced fasting glucose (4.4%) and waist circumference (−1.7%) and increased lipid oxidation (+25.6%). Principal component analyses showed that both timings of chocolate intake resulted in differential microbiota profiles and function (P < .05). Heat map of wrist temperature and sleep records showed that EC induced more regular timing of sleep episodes with lower variability of sleep onset among days than MC (60 min vs 78 min; P = .028). In conclusion, having chocolate in the morning or in the evening/night results in differential effects on hunger and appetite, substrate oxidation, fasting glucose, microbiota (composition and function), and sleep and temperature rhythms. Results highlight that the “when” we eat is a relevant factor to consider in energy balance and metabolism.
- PublicationOpen AccessValidation of a novel diagnostic test for assessing the risk of Peri-Implantitis through the Identification of the microorganisms present: a pilot clinical study of Periopoc(MDPI, 2023-08-25) Moya Villaescusa, María José; Sánchez Pérez, Arturo Joaquín; Al-Lal, Nour Mehdi; Jornet García, Alfonso Felipe; Montoya Carralero, José María; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina FísicaThe aim of this parallel group study was to determine the clinical applicability of a newly developed bacterial test. We evaluated the ability of the test to detect five bacteria associated with peri-implantitis: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Treponema denticola. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were established. Furthermore, by analyzing the pre-test and post-test probabilities, likelihood ratios were established, and a Fagan nomogram was constructed. As the standard, the clinical criteria of peri-implantitis adopted in the latest classification of peri-implant diseases of 2018 were used. The sample consisted of 13 patients clinically diagnosed with peri-implantitis (various implant brands) with at least 1 year of loading, of whom 11 were included in the study. The healthy group comprised 10 patients who received implants (Ticare inhex hybrid) at the university dental clinic and were monitored and exhibited no signs or symptoms of peri-implantitis during 1 year of loading. The results indicated that this test has high sensitivity and low specificity; therefore, positive results will be of great importance for a confirmatory diagnosis of peri-implantitis. However, the test is not suitable as a screening tool.