Browsing by Subject "Lead"
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- PublicationRestrictedAssessing lead and cadmium pollution at the mouth of the river Segura (SE Spain) using the invasive blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896, Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) as a bioindicator organism(Elsevier, 2020-11-04) Salvat-Leal, Inmaculada; Verdiell, David; Parrondo, Paz; Barcala, Elena; Romero García, Diego; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe aim of this study was to evaluate Cd and Pb concentrations in the hepatopancreas, gills, muscle tissue and carapace of the crab Callinectes sapidus and in sediments from the mouth of the river Segura (SE Spain), an area that has undergone great anthropogenic change in recent decades. Lead concentrations were higher than Cd concentrations in the hepatopancreas, gills and muscles; no statistical differences were found between the sexes. Cadmium and Pb concentrations in sediments did not exceed the probable effect level in guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. The Biological Sediments Accumulation Factor (BSAF) was higher for Cd than Pb in the hepatopancreas, gills and carapace. For Cd, the hepatopancreas had the highest BSAF of all tissues, followed by gills. As well, the hepatopancreas had the highest Individual Mean Bioaccumulation Index (IMBI). The hepatopancreas and gills of the blue crab could thus be useful tissues for practical field monitoring of metal contamination in this ecosystem
- PublicationOpen AccessCadmium- and lead-induced apoptosis in mallard erythrocytes (Anas platyrhynchos)(Elsevier, 2009-01) Romero García, Diego; Hernández-García, A.; Tagliati, C. A.; Martínez-López, E.; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; Ciencias SociosanitariasCadmium, lead and cadmium–lead (1:10) induced apoptosis were studied using mallard blood cells. The allowable range in concentrations were: 0.01–0.5, 0.1–5.0, and 0.01:0.10–0.50:5.00 mM, for cadmium, lead and cadmium–lead, respectively. The lowest EC50 achieved was for cadmium (0.2270.04 mM). Two doses from each treatment group were chosen to study apoptosis and the presence of metals in cells. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased as the concentration of metals increased. The percentage of cells with intracellular metals was high for both exposure levels and the quantity of intracellular metal was greater for exposure to high concentrations. Morphological alterations for all types of exposure were related to the diverse range of effects that these metals have on membranes. We suggest that the decrease in the number of erythrocytes observed in specimens suffering from lead and cadmium poisoning is related to the induction of apoptosis.
- PublicationOpen AccessCan Microplastics Influence the Accumulation of Pb in Tissues of Blue Crab?(MDPI, 2021-03-30) Munuera, Paula; Salvat-Leal, Inmaculada; Belmonte, Antonio; Romero, Diego; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe study of microplastics (MPs) and associated pollutants is essential for a better under standing of some of the factors that threaten marine ecosystems. The main objective of this study was thus to assess Pb distribution and accumulation in the tissues of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) exposed to MPs. Blue crabs were collected from the mouth of the river Segura (Guardamar, Spain) and fed on mussels from two Mediterranean areas with different levels of Pb contamination: Portmán Bay and San Pedro del Pinatar (Murcia, Spain). In addition, a batch of each group were exposed to MPs. After seven days of exposure, the crabs were euthanised, and tissues and faeces were analysed. The hepatopancreas was found to be the best tissue for measuring Pb concentrations after feeding; muscle tissue did not provide information on environmental quality. The meat (mus cle) consumption of blue crabs from zones with high Pb content does not seem to constitute a risk for consumers, although the risk is not totally negated if all soft tissues are ingested. The presence of MPs in the water does not seem to increase the accumulation of Pb in these tissues of C. sapidus
- PublicationRestrictedEsterase activity (EA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to pollutants: analytical validation and effects evaluation by single and mixed heavy metal exposure(Elsevier, 2015-12-17) Franco, Lorena; Romero García, Diego; García-Navarro, José A.; Teles, Mariana; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe aims of the present study were to optimize and validate methods for esterase activity (EA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) determination in mussel' gills, and to establish the relationships between these biomarkers and Pb, Cd and Cu pollution, in single form and ternary mixture. Two different buffers for sample homogenization, the need of ultracentrifugation, and analytical validation were evaluated. Coefficients of variation, when buffer without additives and ultracentrifugation were used, were b15%, and recovery were 97%–109% in all cases. The EA response tends to decrease with treatments, TOS decreased significantly in Cd and ternary groups, while TAC tended to increase in treatments with Pb, Cd and ternary groups. In conclusion, the methods for EA, TOS and TAC measurements in gills of mussel were precise and accurate and could be interesting resources in biomonitoring programmes.
- PublicationRestrictedEuropean eels and heavy metals from the Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain)(Elsevier, 2020-06-20) Romero García, Diego; Barcala, Elena; Maria Dolores, Emilio; Muñoz, Pilar; Sanidad AnimalHeavy metal pollution is related to the fall in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) populations. The Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain) is home to an endangered population of this species, which is still caught for human consumption. The presence of Pb, Cd and Hg in the livers and muscles and the Se:Hg ratio in muscle of 150 eels from this lagoon were determined. Pb concentrations were higher than those reported from other populations in the world, while Cd and Hg concentrations in the tissues analysed were lower. In terms of food safety, Se concentrations play an important role in sequestering Hg in eels from this lagoon.
- PublicationRestrictedLead in terrestrial game birds from Spain(Springer, 2019-11-21) Romero García, Diego; José, Antonio de; Theureau, Juan M.; Ferrer, Andrés; Raigón, María D.; Torregrosa, Juan B.; Ciencias SociosanitariasWe analysed exposure to Pb and its relationship with lead-based ammunition in seven species of terrestrial game birds— common woodpigeon (Columba palumbus), rock dove (Columba livia), stock dove (Columba oenas), European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa), Barbary partridge (Alectoris barbara) and common quail (Coturnix coturnix)—from rural and urban areas in different parts of Spain (Valencia, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y León, Madrid, Islas Canarias and Navarra). A total of 530 liver samples were analysed, and the presence of Pb pellets was studied in the crop, gizzard and intestine; the state and appearance of these organs were also analysed. The number of specimens suspected to have ingested Pb shot was 28 (5.6%), and the geometric mean concentration of hepatic Pb was 0.054 μg g−1 (wet weight, ww). A low percentage of samples (4.8%) were above the abnormal exposure threshold (0.65 μg g−1 ww), and, in these specimens, renal Pb concentrations were determined. Common woodpigeons and rock doves from Madrid were found to have high concentrations of Pb in their livers, and, so, both species can be considered to be good bioindicators of Pb contamination in rural (common woodpigeons) and urban (rock doves) environments. Partridges bred for hunting may be more prone to ingesting pellets from the environment, a fact that should be taken into account in management decisions.
- PublicationRestrictedMeasurement of p-nitrophenyl acetate esterase activity (EA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in gills and digestive gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to binary mixtures of Pb, Cd and Cu(Springer, 2016-10-01) Franco-Martínez, Lorena; Romero, Diego; García-Navarro, José A.; Tecles, Fernando; Teles, Mariana; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe aims of the present work were (1) to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers and AChE in two tissues of wild mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) of high biochemical activity and accumulation capacity (gills and digestive gland) and (2) to study the behaviour of these biomarkers in presence of heavy metals. For this, EA, TOS, TAC and AChE were measured in tissues of mussels exposed to binary combination of Pb, Cd and Cu. Mussels (n = 36) were exposed to one of the binary mixtures of Pb (1000 [mu]g L-1), Cd (100 [mu]g L-1) and Cu (100 [mu]g L-1) for 7 days, under controlled conditions. Gills and digestive gland were extracted and frozen at -80 °C until analysis. The automatic methods employed for the measurement of EA, TAC, TOS and AChE in M. galloprovincialis revealed higher levels of these biomarkers in digestive gland than gills. Study results suggest that gills would be the tissue of election for study oxidative stress markers, whereas digestive tissue should be selected for AChE measurements in case of evaluation of combined metal toxicity in mussels.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphological characterization of renal cell lines (BGM and VERO) exposed to low doses of lead nitrate.(Sociedad Española de Histología e Ingeniería Tisular, 2004) Romero García, Diego; Gómez Zapata, Maximiliano; Luna, A.; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe response to lead nitrate has been assessed in two cell lines of renal origin. The range of toxic concentrations was determined by Neutral Red assay after 24-h of exposure. Morphological changes in the Buffalo Green Monkey (BGM) and VERO cell lines after exposure to subcytotoxic doses (1.38 mM and 1.04 mM, respectively) equivalent to EC10 (effective concentrations 10%) of lead nitrate were evaluated at the ultrastructural level by transmission microscopy. The most notable finding in treated cells was the presence of inclusion bodies in the form of irregular granules of varying size in both cytoplasm and lysosomes. Cell membrane integrity was not affected. The number of phagolysosomes and myeline figures associated to the inclusion bodies was higher than in the control cultures. We conclude that the phagolysosomic mechanism fails to digest this metal ion and the BGM and VERO renal cell lines can be considered as useful tools for toxicological studies involving lead nitrate.