Browsing by Subject "Interneurons"

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    Development of neurons and fibers containing calcium binding proteins in the pallial amygdala of mouse, with special emphasis on those of the basolateral amygdalar complex
    (Wiley, 2005-08-08) Olmos, Luis; Real, M. Ángeles; Guirado, Salvador; Dávila, José Carlos; Medina, Loreta; Legaz Pérez, Isabel; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    We studied the development of neurons and fibers containing calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the mouse pallial amygdala, with special emphasis on those of the basolateral amygdalar complex. Numerous calbindin-immunoreactive (CB+) cells were observed in the incipient basolateral amygdalar complex and cortical amygdalar area from E13.5. At E16.5, CB+ cells became more abundant in the lateral and basolateral nuclei than in the basomedial nucleus, showing a pattern very similar to that of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons. Many CB+ cells observed in the pallial amygdala appeared to originate in the anterior entopeduncular area/ganglionic eminences of the subpallium. The density of CB+ cells gradually increased in the pallial amygdala until the first postnatal week and appeared to decrease later, coinciding with the postnatal appearance of parvalbumin cells and raising the possibility of a partial phenotypic shift. Calretinin (CR) immunoreactivity could be observed in a few cells and fibers in the pallial amygdala at E14.5, and by E16.5 it became a good marker of the different nuclei of the basolateral amygdalar complex. Numerous CB+ and CR+ varicosities, part of which have an intrinsic origin, were observed in the basolateral amygdalar complex from E16.5, and some surrounded unstained perikarya and/or processes before birth, indicating an early formation of inhibitory networks. Each calcium binding protein showed a distinct spatiotemporal expression pattern of development in the mouse pallial amygdala. Any alteration in the development of neurons and fibers containing calcium binding proteins of the pallial amygdala may result in important disorders of emotional and social behavior.
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    Dynamic patterns of colocalization of calbindin, parvalbumin and GABA in subpopulations of mouse basolateral amygdalar cells during development
    (Elsevier, 2008-01) Dávila, José Carlos; Olmos, Luis; Medina, Loreta; Guirado, Salvador; Real, Mª Angeles; Legaz Pérez, Isabel; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    Calbindin cells represent a major interneuron subtype of the cortical/pallial regions, such as the basolateral amygdala, which are often analyzed in studies of tangential migration of interneurons from the subpallial ganglionic eminences to the pallium/cortex. However, previous evidence suggests that during development the calbindin cells may include more than one of the interneuron subtypes found in the adult pallium/cortex. Furthermore, in the adult basolateral amygdala, calbindin cells include a subpopulation of non-GABAergic (non-interneuron) cells. To better characterize these cells throughout development, in the present study we investigated the colocalization of calbindin, parvalbumin and GABA in cells of the mouse basolateral amygdala during late embryonic (E16.5) and several postnatal ages from birth until 4 weeks after birth (P0, P10 and P28). Our results indicate that CB, PV and GABA show a dynamic pattern of colocalization in cells of the mouse basolateral amygdalar nucleus throughout development. From E16.5 through P28, the majority of CB+ neurons and virtually all PV+ neurons are GABAergic. However, after P10, the percentage of GABAergic CB+ cells decline from 96% to 70%. Furthermore, while only 9% of CB+ neurons are PV+ at P10, this percentage raises to 42% at P28. At all postnatal ages studied, the majority of the PV+ cells are CB+, suggesting that PV+ interneurons develop postnatally mainly as a subpopulation within the CB+ cells of the basolateral amygdalar nucleus. These results are important for interpreting data from interneuron migration.
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    Subpallial origin of part of the calbindin-positive neurons of the claustral complex and piriform cortex
    (Elsevier, 2005-09-15) García López, Margarita; Medina, Loreta; Legaz Pérez, Isabel; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    The aim of the present study was to investigate whether part of the calbindin-positive neurons of the claustral complex and piriform cortex originate in the subpallium. To that end, we prepared organotypic cultures of embryonic telencephalic slices, and applied the cell tracker CMTMR to the ventricular/subventricular zone of the lateral or medial ganglionic eminence. Following 48 h of incubation, we observed a number of CMTMR-labeled cells (showing red fluorescence) of subpallial origin in the claustral complex and piriform cortex. To know whether some of these cells of subpallial origin were calbindin-positive, we performed immunofluorescence for calbindin using an Alexa 488-conjugated secondary antiserum (green fluorescence). Our results showed that some of the CMTMR-labeled cells of subpallial origin in the claustral complex and piriform cortex are calbindin-positive (and possibly GABAergic). The subpallial origin of part of these cells was confirmed by observation of double labeled neurons in the claustral complex that expressed both Lhx6 mRNA (a marker of cells derived from the medial ganglionic eminence) and calbindin. Future studies will be required to analyze the existence of a subpopulation of non-GABAergic calbindin cells in the claustral complex and piriform cortex, and to know their origin.
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    The growth of non-pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex of man: a Golgi study
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1997) Prinz, M.; Prinz, B.; Schulz, E.
    In Golgi-Cox-impregnated motor cortex (regio precentralis) of six children (36 weeks of gestation to 13 month after birth) four types of interneurons of laminae 11-VI have been investigated qualitatively and quantitatively and finally, compared with interneurons of a child (3 month of age) with Down's Syndrome. Al1 cell measurements have been made by using a computerized digital morphometric system. In order to study the developmental stage of interneurons in our cases we statistically compared analogue neuron types in the brains. As pararneters for characterizing non-pyramidal neurons served the pattem of dendritic branching, dendritic length for al1 dendritic orders within single dendritic fields, and of the whole neuron. The quantitative morphological study of dendritic arborizations revealed that bitufted and large multipolar intemeurons had significantly more branching material in the postnatal brains than their prenatal counterparts. These differences were due to the increase of both length and number of branches during perinatal period. Such constant increment in dendritic span and branching provides larger receptive areas and that should improve the development of connections in functional intracortical columns. The quantitative parameter area of dendritic fields and number of branching points of the brain with Down's syndrome revealed in comparison with normal brain of the same age differences such as lower dendritic areas and a higher arnount of branching points